Bitumen - He aha ka keia? Ka waiwai a me ka noi o bitumen

Bitumen - keia mea kekahi o ka mea kahiko hale pono hana iʻikeʻia e ke kanaka. Kēia manawa, kona hoʻohana kŰia loa heʻano o ke koho. Ua nuiʻano likeʻole o kēia mea.

? ueo

Bituminous waiwai - i ke aloha mau mea, i loaʻa kekahi mau? Ueo.

• Natural bitumen. Mea he h ÷ mea a paa mea i maupaʻa carbohydrate i huiʻia a me kā lākou nā mea loaʻa. Aoao o ko lākou mau ho okumu i maoli'okesaside keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka aila polymerization. Ka mea, i palahalaha ae ma na wahi o ka aila. Pure maoli bitumen - mea pohihihi keia waiwai.
• Anoaeuoiauo? Ueo. Kēiaʻano ua loaʻa oi pinepine ma mua o ka mea mua kekahi. He ma porous pōhaku. Ka mea i pēpē, a pulverized. E like me ka mea huli mai alanui bitumen.
• Oil. He Heʻano o kaʻimi hoʻopunipuni mea. Ua ua hua mai i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka hoohehee maemae au ia. I kulike ai me ke kaʻina kalaponaʻano hookaawale ia bitumen i koena,'okesaside a me ka ńlua.

'ole

Bitumen i ka haku mele 'ana kēia i loko o ka Classic mana:

• i ka 80% o carbon;
• i ka 15% hydrogen;
• mai ka 2 a hiki i 9% o ka luaipele;
• i oi aku mamua o 5% ka oxygen;
• mai 0 ia 2% naikokene.

Mau waiwai i loko o ka palapala o ka hydrocarbon i huiʻia, luaipele, i oxygen a me ka naikokene.

All kumu mua Hiki ke hoʻolaha i ekolu pūʻulu.

1. paa ke keʻena - kiʻekiʻe hakakino kaumaha hydrocarbons kapa asphaltenes. Aia mea i paa eiiiiiaiou mau paraffins.

2. kēpau - amorphous mea, a i ka pouli eleele waihoʻoluʻu.

3. ka aila hapa - o na hydrocarbons likeʻole a i ka pa apŘ emi aku 1.

Bitumen - ia mea he luna 'waiwai me ka kekahi lākiō o nā mea a pau eiiiiiaiou. E hoomahuahua oe i loko o kona kaumaha ana i asphaltenes e hoʻonui i ka paakiki, a me ka brittleness i hoopalupaluia, mahana.

Nā waxes hoi emi i ka ductility o bitumen, no laila, nānā ua uku ai i ka hana ana o ka emi i loko o lākou ka maʻiʻo i 5% a emi.

poepoe o ka palapala noi

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka physical waiwai maopopo i ka hope o nā mahinaʻai o ka palapala noi o bitumen:

• alanui? ieoaeunoai;
• roofing;
• waterproofing;
• elektorokabelya? iecaianoaaiiuo;
• Shino-laholio enehana;
• iuo aaoa?;
• pena a me varnishes;
• metallurgy;
• uglebriketov? iecaianoaaiiuo;
• Hoohehee maemae au ia.

Ke kukulu hana ma luna o kona mau bitumen o ka loa hanohano mea no ka waterproofing o kela mea, o ka oi aku o ka hale ahu a me ka hale ilalo.

aila alanui

Ke kukulu ana i alanui hoʻohana ma ka ʻaila kā bitumen alanui (GOST 22245-90). Aia i kekahi mau lama o ia mea.

E koho i ka akau ano, mākou e hoakaka i ke 'ano o ka huliau ciia.

No ka maoli na kumu a i wehewehe aku ma ke ana wela i loko o ka anu wa pono mea,ʻaʻoleʻoi kona kiʻekiʻe ma mua o -20? C ma ka awelika, e pono i kulike ai me ka GOST alanui bitumens e like me BND 200/300, 130/200 BND a me BND 90/130.

No ka wahi i kahi o kaʻawelike i loko o ke anu manawa o ka makahiki huahelu mai -10 a hiki i -20? C, hoakakaʻaila kā bitumen alanui II a III o ke aniau cii o ke alanui. O nā nā luna? Ueony, e like me 60/90.

Inā ka malamaʻawelike i ke anu manawa o ka makahiki i loko o ka laulā o ka -5 e -10? C, ke Koo ua hoakaka no ka pono o ka aila alanui bitumen like a pau o ka mea ma luna o ke ano, e like me ka BND 40/60, 90/130 BN, BN 130/200 BN 200/300.

No? Eou kahi o ka hooilo averages wehewehe aku ana wela ole ma lalo o 5? C, kupono aila alanui bitumen ano e like me BND 40/60, 60/90, 90/130 BND, BN 60/90, 90/130 BN.

ka aila

Aia nāʻano likeʻole i i hoʻohana ai no ka hana o ke alanui,ʻaʻole wale nō akā, i noho waiwai. Kēia ao momoku ahi. Aia nā wale ekolu ahi, a loaʻa kaʻaila kā bitumen me BN 70/30, 90/130 BN, BN 50/50.

Like pono meʻaila kā bitumen alanui, GOST i regulates na olelo o ka palapala noi o kela a me keia? Ueony, no ka kūkulu bitumen hana GOST 6671-76.

I ka lalo o ka? Aneie ana wela, i ka oi laholio mea e e hoʻohana no ka kūkulu. Kēia e hōʻoia 'ia ai kona longevity a me ka lōʻihi like' ole o ka hana.

Oil roofing lako

No keʻano o ka hana ma ka hale mea hoʻonoho hoʻohana kūikawā bitumen. Ka waiwai a me ka palapala noi ka mea, ua hooponopono ia e GOST 9548-74. Keia hae komo ai i ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka' ekolu 'ano o ka roofing lako:

• BOC 90/30 - ua like ka laulā me ka ho okumu ana o ka ka penaʻana, ahu iho o ka hale.
• BNK 40/180 - ua hoʻohana 'ia e lawe mai i ka impregnation.
• BNK 45/190 - Ua koho 'ia no ka loaa ana a me ka manaʻoe hana i ka roofing nā no ka puhi.

Makaʻu i alakaʻi ai i ke 'ano o ke alanui mea

Anoaeuoiauo alanui, GOST i hoakaka kekahi mauʻano o ia i ka waiwai a ua wehewehe aku ma na mea he nui i kekahi mau waiwai. Kēlā me kēia i hāʻawi mai i kekahi mea e like ai o ka mea.

Ka mea nui o ia mau mea, wā i ka laulā o ka bitumen i manaoia ductility, i hoopalupaluia, wahi, brittleness, huali, (viscosity), lina waiwai.

High mahana paipai i ka hua o ka degere o ka bitumen (viscosity). Ma anu map mea haalele i mea e like ai, a me ka manawa e holo ai i ka thermal palena i brittle.

Ua kōkua e hoomahuahua i ka plasticity o ka hou o kaʻaila mea. Ka oi hau paaʻaila kā bitumen, ke kiekie o ka mea e like ai o kona papa.

ʻoaka o ka mahana mea hoi he mea nui ololi no kekahi mea e like me bitumen alanui. Hae 'oi aku ka maʻamau waiwai o keia aiao i +200? C, a ma luna. Ka hou a ua lalapa ana wela, i ka lalo flammability hope.

mea pīlali ana, e kōkua i ka ike pehea maikaʻi a kūkulu aʻela bitumen kumu ili honua. Ke kiekie o ka manual, i ka ikaika i ka mea e mālama i ka ili honua.

I ka 'ike loea hou a me ka hoʻohana' mea

Iloko o ke kūkuluʻia o nā alanui a me nā pono, ka mehana-i ka 'enehana bitumen. Kēia kaʻina ua lawe mai ma ka like ana me kekahi mau rula. Keʻano hana o ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka mea moe ma na ano o ka waiwai e like me bitumen. GOST hōʻike kona loa nui waiwai.

E hoʻa'ā i ka mea hoʻohana ma o ka hana a me ka hoʻoponopono, he kūikawā ipu me ka manoanoa pā pōhaku o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, a hermetically panina poʻi. Ka mānoanoa o ka mea, e ae aku ia ia e pale aku overcooking.

2/3 piha pahu. Bitumen ma mua ka hoʻoiliʻana Wāwahi i apana uuku nui.

Paio hahana maoli nō ua lawe mai ma luna o ke ahi uuku, a hehee nā a hiki i ka homogeneous nui. A hiki aku ka mea haole ua wehe lākou kū kānana. Reserve reheating wela o ka 200? C.

Hahana maoli nō kēia i ka wela o ka +160 i +170? C hehee bitumen no ma kahi o 3 h. Inā e hoomahuahua ia i ke kali waiwai, ka hahana maoli nō kēia kaʻina hana e e wale 1 hola.

hiki ole Bitumen no alanui e ku e hoonui paio hahana maoli nō ma luna o +200? C, no ka mea, i ko lakou mau waiwai, mai keia, e deteriorate. I ka 220? C hoʻomaka e lilo Coke.

I ka overheated bitumen hua mai la i kaʻawaʻawa loa yellow-omaomao uwahi, a ma luna o hiki i ka mokuna a hiki i +240? C mea e hoʻohiolo nō. A laila, i ka uhi o ka ieoaeunoai pili e kinai loa i ka lapalapa ahi.

Ma hope o overheating a me keʻano bitumen alanui e lilo brittle, a hou ia e pono no ka hana i loko o ka hana a kapili.

Pūnaewele a me ka halihali

Bitumen pūnaewele i wahi i loko o kūikawā poʻina nalu. Ka mea, i lako pono me ka hooeueu ana maomeka enaena waiwai. Kēiaʻano hana pono i ka kūikawā mahu hānai alanui no ka paleʻoaka o mea ohu.

E ninini i ka poʻina nalu i hoakaka ia ma ka lalo o ka hene.

'Ana i kūpono transporting wai anoaeuoiauo alanui, i hoʻolako pono me ka kūikawā EII ni i EII ni mea.

Inā ka mea ua kaʻi aku i ka paa palapala, hoʻohana hana collapsible palapala.

Ma amo a me ka pūnaewele i hoʻolako i nā mea a pau i ke ahi palekana koi, i pili i ka bitumen flammable. Hooko ana i ka maluhia rula, aole mea i makau o ka hanana o unpredictable wahi, i hiki i loko o ka hana i kēia mea. Ma hope o këia o ka waiwai a me nāʻano likeʻole o ka mea hiki ana pili ia i ka hana o nā iauaeoia.

Bitumen - He waiwai ka maikai ano e like me ka wai ia'ku, ikaika, nonsusceptibility climatic hopena, haahaa halulu a me ka thermal mäliko a me ka haahaaʻikena conduction. Mahalo i kēia mau waiwai, ia mea he loa mahalo a me ka ike loea haleʻia.