Brachiocephalic kumu: o ka manaʻo a me ka ho'ākāka 'ana

ka manaʻo o "brachiocephalic kumu" ua hoʻokuʻuʻia i loko o ka 'anatomia o nā kānaka a me nā holoholona. I kēia lā e mau kamailio e pili ana i kēia i loko o hou au mamuli.

kekahi mau manaʻo

I ka inoa o keia kino olelo no ka iho. Brachiocephalic kumu kolo ana, mai ka aorta i loko o ka laina waena o ka sternum. He laila piʻi nōʻolua i obliquely, a laila hope mai, a ma ka pae o ka acromioclavicular ke ami hoi ua maheleia i mau arteries. Ke aupuni 'ma ke alo o ka trachea, i loko o nā keiki ua uhiʻia e ka thymus gland, a mai ka uuku loa o ka ekolu i eha mau kenimika.

Na kamalii uuku pinepine oia mahele tsefaladu ma sternoklavikulyarnuyu articulation i loko o ka mua triangle o ka'ā'ī.

Ke kumu o ke kanaka

Ma kānaka, keia kino i ka 'ole i ho'ākāka' ia ma luna. He IeAUPIIe, IAa IO pōkole a me ka mānoanoa moku, i na lala i loko o nā pono artery mea ma na aoao elua - pono a me ka alo - e uhiʻia ka pleura. Ma ka hema hapa o ke kino o ke kanaka o ke artery malaila. I ole ia, i ka moku i kapaia o brachycephalic kumu (mai ka Roma inoa) a me ka innominate artery.

Ke kanaka me ka barela brachiocephalic paha i kekahi mau maʻi. Iwaena o lakou i na penei:

• Atherosclerosis (ka hoʻomāhuahua o ka naʻokoko a me ka momona ma luna o ka loko paia o na arteries);
• hanau mā;
• hemangioma (benignʻeho mea e hoʻomōhala ana i ka mea uuku moku koko);
• artery eha;
• aneurysms (? anoe? lumen he mau manawa a oi);
• occlusive lesion e pio mai i na lala (nahae o vascular permeability, a hiki aku i ka ischemia o ka lolo a me kaʻaoʻao (mauka)).

Inā 'oe i pilikia me ka moku e e haawiia i vascularʻoki kino.

Ke kumu o na holoholona

brachiocephalic kumu Anatomia ia e hiki mai ana. Ka mea, i kekahi mai ke kanaka i ka mea i kauohaia ia ia, a hiki i ke komo ana i loko o ka pahu lua, a malaila ua ua maheleia i mau hema arteries (he kanaka pono). Kēia ia lŘlŘ ma ka pae ana o ka lua o ka thoracic vertebra.

Ma kekahi mau holoholona, e like me na ilio a me nā puaʻa, brachiocephalic kumu malaila, kahi o ka ia - mau haʻalele arteries i hele mai mai loko mai o ka aortic e pio. Mai kekahi o na arteries, i kapaia ka brachiocephalic, e hele aku i ka carotid arteries, a lawe i ke koko a hiki i ke poo o ka holoholona. Ke koe o ka lio i loaʻa he mau wahi ia arteries haalele mai ia.

Brachiocephalic kumu eaaaony koko a hiki i ke poo,'ā'ī, umauma lālā o ka pahu pa.

Ma kekahi mau hihia, i kēia kumu i ka lalo o ka thyroid gland o ka emi thyroid artery. Aie i ke kumu hiki ke compensated e ka nele a me ka wa e kaawale aku o kekahi o na moku thyroid.

kino lālā

I mea e hookuuia ka moku, mai ka subclavian arteries i? Ueo kekahi oko ao. Mai artery ka mea, lawe aku ia i ka kēia mau lala.

• Iwiaoao-cervical kumu e pau ai ke koko i na nāʻiʻo o ka ai a me ka mae wale. Haalele pu me arteries e like me hohonu cervical vertebral a (i loko o ruminants a me nā puaʻa) ole wale i ka mua o ia (carnivores). Ma nā lio, i ke kumu o he aupuni kūʻokoʻa lālā.
• Deep cervical artery e pau ai ka "extensors" ke poo a me ka ai. Diverges ma ka'ā'ī nāʻiʻo, me kona mau cranial kuhikuhi. Ma ka'ā'ī, e like me ka pono me spinal lala 'ano apau loa o ka lua collateral. I ka puaa a me ka ilio, keia artery mea he lālā o ka iwiʻaoʻao-cervical kumu.
• Vertebral artery ka mahu. I kuhikuhi cranially. I hiki i ka Mea Maluna Iho, ke hookuu aku oia i ka lala o na nāʻiʻo a me ka spinal kaula hele ma ka puka i loko o ka mua cervical vertebra (Hawaiian Edition) a me ka'ā'ī o ka holoholona ano nui pele alanui (kapaʻia collaterals). Ma holoholona kolo ana pū me nā lālā ma luna i oleloia. A carnivores o ka mua koko moku, i haalele mai i ka subclavian artery.
• Plechesheynaya artery (ole ike like superficial cervical artery) e leie aku ai nāʻiʻo a me ke koko, dewlap a me ka e komo ai i ka pahu. Ka puaʻa höʻike aku mai kona thyroid kumu.
• Ka loko, a ma waho thoracic artery. Na lilo o ka ili ua kauoha caudal i ka sternum, ka mea hele mai i ka hiku o ka iwi aoao a me nā'ō manamana. ʻO kona hope moku ua hōʻike mai iā ia musculo-diaphragmatic artery. Hou noho ana ilalo, a lako koko i ka abdominal lua nāʻiʻo, puaa a me carnivores i mammary gland. Foxmike artery bypasses ka iwiaoao mua a me ka lala hohonu i loko o ka umauma Muscle. Kēia artery ua, aole i poorly ulu.

Next brachiocephalic kumu holoholona, ka mākau alu hema arteries i ka axillary artery. Ka mea, i ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o ke koko lako o ka thoracic lala.