Brown ka lepo, o ko lakou waiwai a me ka Mea Maluna

Chestnut kahea aku e like me ka lepo ano no ka ho okumu ana i nā maloʻo steppes. He aha ka waiwai o ka chestnut soils me ka mea i hana, i mea ole, heluhelu i kēia 'atikala.

Where a pehea e lilo chestnut soils?

Ka wahi o ka kumu, ua maloʻo steppes me arid aniau, haʻahaʻa nui, kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ke omoāea. Chestnut soils i hanaʻia ma lalo o ka sparse kanu, no laila ho'āno kaʻina mea underdeveloped i loko o kā i kaʻeleʻele honua wahi. Nā kumu o ka huakaʻi o hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka nawaliwali a me ka ikaika ho'āno kaʻina hana e e hoikeia.

More, pili olelo o kona'ākau wahi i wehewehe aku e cii kahi i ke kahua ua lawe mai ka hapanui soils waiwai ma ka humus - pouli eleele. Me ka holomua ma ka hema māhuahua dryness o ke aniau. Ke hoʻololi o kēia mau soils iʻeleʻele, a laila, he kukui-ʻeleʻele, humus maʻiʻo o ka i mea haʻahaʻa, ka 'auhau o ka moana - he uuku.

Inā iki ka ua, a me ka lepo ua holoi me weakly Saline lepo huahana mea,ʻaʻole e hiki ke komo iloko o nui iho la ia, no laila, e noho ma luna o kaʻili kai. Me ka ikaika decomposition o ka mea kanu a me nā hui e like me kalipuna, silikone, makanekiuma, a me ka mekala 'åkilikai ke hooheheeia e hoʻokuʻuʻia i loko o nui mea. Ma muli o ia kā lākou alo i loko o ka lepo hoʻomaka e hoʻomōhala'ākilikai. An pono i loko o ka lepo ciia hehi maloʻo aniau i loko nō o ia solonetsous kaʻina superimposed ma ho'āno.

Lepo ano o maloʻo steppes

• Chernozem hema a me ka maʻamau.
• Dark eleele.
• Chestnut.
• Light eleele.

Chernozem a chestnut soils ana e hoomaemae ia aku mai ke komohana a hiki i ka? Uyie aa? O ka Hawaiian. Hawaiian Hawaiian ka mea, he mea uuku kaʻawale mokupuni i loko o ke kīʻaha wahi, Selenga a me Hawaiian māhū-Baikal steppes. Mau soils i laha i loko o ka Caspian kai , a aneea oneiaey i loko o ka wahi o ka haʻahaʻa puu.

No ka nane,ʻeleʻele lepo hoopiha 8.5 pa keneta o ka Lūkini hehi a me ka chestnut soils - a pau 3. O ka papa kuhikuhi hiʻona o na chernozems mea kiʻekiʻe humus maʻiʻo. Typical chernozem oko hohonu groundwater papa. Ua mea noteworthy i ka luna stratum o ka lepo mea maikai limu pulu nui, haʻahaʻa - lepo, ka wai, a me ka moana lipolipo i maloo ma ka waena. He mau rula e pono ai no ka ho okumu ana iʻeleʻele honua, a me ka chestnut soils.

Kēlā me kēia subtypeʻeleʻele lepo, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka thermal olelo ua hoʻokuʻuʻia kēia mau pūʻulu: mehana, lōpū, hohonu-anuanu. Eia kekahi, i loko o ka hookahi subtype lepo ua kaawale e hoohanau. Kēia mea he pono ole, kona'ākilikai, kona'ākilikai-Saline, residually solonetzic, kalepona, kalepona-solonetzic. It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka chestnut soils o nāʻano i kaiʻewaʻewa hoike ana o symptoms e like'ākilikai paha a me ka Saline.

Soils i pouli eleele

Lakou noho ana i ka'ākau hapa o ka ciia. Dark mea eleele a cloddy soils i ka granular 'ole humus moana lipolipo ulu wale'āina lumpy a me ka arable - silty lumpy. Hanana o ke gypsum a me ka wailana paʻakai ia lŘlŘ ma ka hohonu o ka ma kahi mau mika. Ano o ka mea eleele lepo mea i hiki ole i ke ano o ka humusʻalihi moana. Ma keia lepo ia ihoiho 50 kenimika. Ma kona'ākilikai soils ma ka haʻahaʻa o ka humus moana lipolipo Ua oi anuanu. Keia mea no ka mea, enriches ka colloidal (particles).

Lumpy a blocky 'ole i pouli chestnut soils. Lākou ka waiwai i oi haʻi me ka māhuahua'ākilikaiʻalihi moana. Mall maka ua lacquered pńpa o ka lepaʻano-eleele waihoʻoluʻu. Rode solonetzic pouli chestnut soils ua maheleia i loko o ka kēia mau 'ano:

• Nonsolonetsous. Ka mea, omoʻia mai i 3 pakeneka paʻakai omo mai o ka buke holoʻokoʻa.
• , Weakly lepo - 3-5 pakeneka.
• Srednesolontsevatye - 5-10.
• Ikaika palemo iho - 10-15.

Ano pouli chestnut soils

• Solonetsous Saline pouli lepo i ikaika Saline pōhaku. Ma ka hohonu o ka hoʻokahi mika o ka wai wailana paʻakai, piʻi pū.
• Ma kona'ākilikai soils residually imperceptibly exchangeable paʻakai maʻiʻo. Aia He koena'ākilikai.
• Ma solonetsous solodized lepo mauka paha haʻahaʻa o ka humus moana lipolipo i makamake nui osolodevaniya i hōʻike mai iā ia ka silica i powdering ma mall i lalo ke alo.

• Kalepona chestnut soils i ka hoʻomāhuahua mau ana i ka maʻiʻo o kalepona ma luna o kaʻili kai. I ka wahi o ko lākou hoʻonaʻauao e kaumaha pōhaku.
• Ho okumu ana o kalepona-'ākilikai soils ana ma Saline pōhaku me ka kaumaha me mechanical haku mele 'ana. Nā soils i ke kiʻekiʻe nuʻa a fractured hou pili. A hiki aku ka mea, i ke kuaua, e hoʻomaka i ka pehu, a hele bogged ia.

'Ano mea eleele lepo

Ua i kekahi humusʻalihi moana. Ma chestnut soils, i ka huahelu o 30-40 kenimika. Ka hapanui o carbonates accumulates ma ka hohonu o ka 50 mau kenimika, gypsum - 170, a me ka wai-wailana paʻakai - i loko o kekahi mau-mika hohonu. Mau soils i ka ia nōhie ano like i ho'ākāka 'ia ma luna.

Soils i ka malamalama mea eleele

Area o ko lākou ho okumu i ka hema o ka steppes maloʻo e ku ma ka sagebrush a me ka mauu mea kanu. Mau soils i hanaʻia i loko o ka huliau loa maloo. Ke humus moana lipolipo mea liʻiliʻi - 25-30 kenimika. Ua Ua wehewehe aku ma structureless nawaliwali haku mele 'ana a me ka holoi. No ka mea, o keia kalepona, ahu iho ke moe kokoke i ka ili honua. Ka hohonu gypsum moana lipolipo mea 1 Ka peni 20 kenimika. Ma keia lepo hoopuni wailana paʻakai loaa i nui na mea, no laila,'ākilikai hoailona hou mai'ō a'ō. Mai i mea eleele'ākilikai soils hiki ke loaʻa loa kākaʻikahi.

Ka luna moana lipolipo o keia kamaaina i ka malamalama kala like 'ole, kona moe kolohe' ole. Ua loli ai osolodevanie. Light chestnut soils i puunaueia e ka wahine e like me ka mea 'ē aʻe. 'ākilikai paha a Saline i loko o ka malamalama lepo, a ua maopopo hoikeia zonal külana.

i ka hoʻohana 'ana o

I ka aina o na steppes, o ka oi aku pouli chestnut, he lawa me ke koe o ka mahuaola. Ua loaʻa he kiʻekiʻe fertility. Ua ulu palaoa, millet, ke kulina, sunflowers, melons a me horticultural ulu. E haawi i ko mea nui ma luna ina ka lepo e e phosphorus, potash, naikokene fertilizers a paʻa ona mau i loko o laila.

pinepine Chestnut soils me ka pouli a me ka lilelile waihoʻoluʻu hoʻohana no hayfields, uliuli, mahi kihapai. Akā, ia mea i pono no ka mahi ana i ka luna ulu. Ma ka malamalama-eleele soils ulu likeʻole ulu Ua hiki ma kona pololei, nenoaio i? Wale.

Chestnut'ākilikai soils OAOOUIEeE enviable fertility. Nolaila, e hoomahuahua i ka hoʻohana 'ana o kona Nine Inch a me ka liluwelo reclamation. I kekahi manawa, hohonu lawa, e mahi i ka aina.

hewa

• Lightʻeleʻele, a me ka chestnut'ākilikai lepo humus, ahu iho hehi i uuku nona iho. Ua hiki ole i ke kumu, ahu iho o ka maʻamau ana.
• Kana olelo hoopomaikai moana lipolipo ia lŘlŘ kŘpa a lepo. Kēia ma loko o ka wai? Eia o ka aina, a ua ālai 'ke kanu aʻa e komo ilokoʻoi.
• 'ākilikai soils i kekahi, a mahuahua nui mekala 'åkilikai lehulehu, aʻo ka mea pono, e oxidize i ka'āina ma mua me ka hoʻohana' ia.
• hehi lepo ka nele o ka ona a me ka mahuaola, o ka oi aku i ka malamalama i eleele.

A ke kanaka e kōkua i ka chestnut, haʻahaʻa-mana, malostrukturnym a me kona'ākilikai soils lilo ikaika, waiwai ma ka humus a me ka mahuaola. He mea pono e systematically irrigate i ka lepo, e hoopiha i kona wai ke koe nō, e hana ia ke aloha a me ka mea pōhaku fertilizers, e like me ka polokalamu 'ana i kūpono o ka mahiʻai.