Bulgakov ka make ea paha, ke kumu o kona make

Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov i kekahi o ka loa hoʻomano heluhelu, kūkā mai, aʻo ia ke hoole i ka XX kenekulia. Kana hana, pilikino ke ola, a me ka make i complemented e mea pohihihi a me kaao, a me ka puke "ka Haku, a Margarita" kakau iho la oia i ka inoa o kona mea nāna i hana i ka gula palapala i loko o nā moʻolelo o ko Lūkini a me ka honua moʻokalaleo. Akā, i ka mea huna ua mau Hoamakeikekula i kona kino, a me ka ninau: "No ke aha la Bulgakov i ka make ea paha?" A i ole maopopo hōʻike.

Ka paakiki ala

Ano, o ka inoa o ko Bulgakov mau lehelehe, akā, ua kekahi manawa, i ka wa o kona hana ole paʻi i, a me ka mea, ua lalo kokoke hoʻomakākiu ma na Aupuni a me ka frantic aoao kākoʻo. 'O kēia nā lolouila a me ka ole i ka mea kākau, ma hope o nā mea a pau i ia mau ia i kiaʻi ai i ole e haawi ala i ka palaualelo olelo ana a me nā kuleana. Bulgakov ka ola i loa Ua oluolu - aole hoi i hana i ke kauka a me ka mea kākau o ka hana keaka, aole hoi me he novelist. Akā, i ka hope paʻi - Bulgakov ka posthumous Approach - paipai ia kiʻekiʻe hui, a ma luna o ka mana a pau, i hoʻomaopopo ai i kona tālena.

Personal ola

Bulgakov Ua hanau May 3, 1891 ma ka ohana nui o ka. He ua ka mea kahiko keiki, i hou ia ia, i na makua hoahanau elua a me eha mau hoahānau wahine. I kona ua ehiku, me kona makua kāne i hele mai ia me ka nephrosclerosis, a make iho la.

Secondary ka hoʻonaʻauao i loaa i loko o ka maikai Michael Kiev Gymnasium, akā, oi loa aku hoi ua i molowa ole. Kēia i hiki ole i ke kanaka'ōpiopio lā i loko o ka Lapaʻau o'āuna kumu o ka imperial University. I kela manawa i ke kaua o 1914-1918., A me ka hoʻonaʻauao i wahi i loko o ke kula koa. I ka Ia manawa, halawai mai la ia i kona wā e hiki mai ka wahine, Tatyanoy Lappoy, he umikumamalima-makahiki kaikamahine o ka olelo hoopomaikai. Ka mea, Ua i waiho mai nā mea a pau i loko o ke keena mehameha, a ia Bulgakov i ka noi Seminā, i mareia.

Ka First World War

O kēia hanana i i ole schism i loko o ka i ana ai i ke ola o ka mea opiopio hui. na mea a pau a lakou i hana pu. hele Tatiana a me kana kane ma ke alo-laina Ho 'Oponopono, i hoʻonohonoho' ia i ka ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i nā 'ikamu a me ka kōkua i ka mōhai, Imi komo i loko o ka hana e like me ke kahu a me ka hoalawehana. Bulgakov loaa i ka 'inikua degere, i ma ke alo. Ma March 1916, Mamao aku i ka wā e hiki mai kākau i ka hope, a i ka honua i loko o Smolensk mokuna, mālama 'inikua-oaio? A. Aia, e hoomaka ana i kana kūhelu 'inikua hana. Ma ia oe ke heluhelu i loko o ka moʻolelo o "Notes o ka opiopio kauka" a me ka "Morphine".

'ino

I ke kauwela o 1917, e hoolilo ana i kekahi tracheotomy keiki maʻi me ka diphtheria, Mr Mikhail manao iho la oia ke hopu, a me he kāohi hana hoakaka ia Morphine ia e höʻike aku i ka maneo a me ka eha. Ike ana i ka lāʻau 'mea nui addictive, ae hoomau ana lawe ia, a ho'ōla huli i loko o ka mālama i kou "hoomanawanui". Kana wahine Tatiana Lappa i kau i me keia wahi o ka noho ana, a, pu me I. P. Voskresenskim ke kiʻi pohaku uinihepa, o ka mea kākau o kēia maʻa. Akā, mai ka 'inikua' oihana ua ma me morphinism noʻonoʻo he maʻi hiki. Ma hope, ua lanakila lāua ma luna o ka maʻa, ka mea, ua hiki i ka hoʻomaka i ka 'oihana hoʻopololei. Kēia i ma ke alanui, ma Kiev a me kona wahi e pili ana, he mau kēia ho'āla kaua, mana ua mau hoʻololi, a me ka nele no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ola mālama. Kēia manawa i ka lewa i loko o ka "White koa i" puke. Aia hōʻike,ʻaʻole e fictional huapalapala, akā, i nā lālā o kona 'ohana: kaikuahine, kaikuaana-ma-kānāwai.

North Caucasus

Winter 1919 Bulgakov hou mobilized no ka oihana koa hana, a pehea e loaa Vladikavkaz. Aiaʻo ia maluhia iho la, i kana wahine e kauoha ana i ka telegram, a mau ia e hana. Limahana i loko o nā luna hoʻolale hana, e kokua i ka kūloko heluna kanaka, kākau moʻolelo. Holo nōhie wehewehe i kona "hoike ia", ke ola i loko o ka hana 'okoʻa. I ka 1920, a me ka lapaʻau ka mea, ua mau loa no. A ua he hou milestone o ke ola - journalism, a me ka ai-kapaia nīnūnē Huli i (moʻolelo, novels), i i paʻiʻia ma ka nūpepa kūloko o ka North Caucasus. Bulgakov makemake kaulana, akā, kana wahine mea,ʻaʻole e ooki mai i kona pono kīvila. A laila, e hoʻomaka i ka ae wanaao ae. Akā, i ka wa a ka mea kākau i maʻi me typhus, wahine hanai ia ia i ke ao a me ka po, e noho ana ma kahi o ka moe. Ma hope o kona ola, ka mea, he e hele a maʻa i ka hou o ka papa, i Vladikavkaz hele i Soviet mana.

paakiki manawa

Nā twenties o ka hope kenekulia ua no ka ohana Bulgakovs pilikia. Mākou i ke loaʻa i kona ola i loko o ka pinepine kela la i keia hana. Kēia mea nui a no ka maluhiluhi mea kākau, i ole e haawi ia ia hanu maʻalahi. I loko o kēia wā, hoomaka ae la oia e kākau "kalepa" moʻokalaleo,ʻano nui Radio e aloha ae la ia, a noonoo pono ia e kapaia oe. Ma hope, ua kauoha ia lakou a pau i ka puhi.

Soviet mana increasingly repressive? Eia, i nema ole wale i ka huina hoonui, akā, i ka occasional disjointed nä hopuna i ohi detractors. Maoli ai, i loko o ia mau ana, e lilo ia i pono, e ola ana, a me ka huiʻo ia i hele mua i loko o Batum, a laila, ma Moscow.

Moscow ola

a me kona mau huapalapala i ka ia hana i a laila ho'āʻo e ola iho Image Bulgakov he nui pili. Waiho hou mau n iaainoaoeii neo, i ka hui i noho i loko o ka hale ma Ul. Bolshaya Sadovaya 10, keʻena helu 50, immortalized i loko o ka puke kaulana ma ka mea kākau o "ka Haku, a Margarita." Mai ka hoomaka hou ka hana pilikia i loko o ka waihona waiwai huahana hoopuka ia ma ka pepa, a kiʻi i kēia mau'āpana o ka pepa waiwai i Ua paʻakikī loa.

Pepeluali 1, 1922 make kona makuwahine Bulgakov. Kēia hanana i ka weliweli loa ia ia ia, o ka oi aku ka hōʻino 'no ka mea kākau moʻolelo e hiki e hele i ka hoʻolewa,ʻo ia ka mea hiki ole. Mau makahiki ma hope, aia no he anaʻe hope me ka Lappi. Ma ka manawa o ko lākou hoohemo i loko o Bulgakov ia ua Ua he puahiohio Awaits me Love Belozerskaya, a lilo ia i ka lua o ka wahine. Ua ua i ka hula, mai kiʻekiʻe kaiāulu wahine. Oia Bulgakov moe o ka mea kākau moʻolelo ka wahine, akā, i ka mare ua pōkole-i noho ai.

Perechistenskoe manawa

Aia hele mai ka manawa o ka blossoming 'oihana Bulgakov like me ka mea kākau a me ka playwright. Ua o ke kahua i kana mau hana keaka, i ka hoolohe me ia pono maoli nō, ua noho maikaʻi ola. Akā, i ka mea ia manawa, i ka mea kākau moʻolelo i ka hoihoi i loko o ka NKVD a me ka ho'āʻo ana e incriminate ia disrespect i ka he aupuni, a lanakila ia. Like o ka cornucopia nininiia bans: i ka hana, i ka puka Media, ma lehulehu olelo ana. A laila, hou mai la i ka nele o ke kala. I ka 1926, i kapaʻia i loko no ka ninaninau ana i ka mea kākau moʻolelo. April 18 i ka ia makahiki, ka mea kaulana kelepona kamailio ana me Stalin, a hou hoʻololi Bulgakov ka ola no ka maikaʻi. Ua i ka luna hoʻokele o ka Moscow Art Kino.

Nuremberg-Shilovskaya-Bulgakov

Ua ua ma laila, ma ka Moscow Art Theatre, i ka mea kākau moʻolelo halawai kana kolu o ka wahine, Elena Sergeevna. I mua ka mea, he pono mau hoa, akā, laila au ike i ka mea hiki ole ola ole kekahi i kekahi, a ua hoʻoholo ole e hoopoipoi kekahi. Loa lōʻihi a me kaʻawaʻawa loa ua Shilovskaya wanaao ae me kana kane mua. Ua he mau keiki ka poe i puunaueiaʻi kona aina iwaena o ka noho male, a ma hope o koke Belozerskaya Bulgakov i ke oki mare, mare aloha. Kēia wahine ua he maoli kākoʻo a me kākoʻo ai iā ia i loko o nā makahiki loa paʻakikī o kona ola. Oiai e hana ana ma ka puke loa kaulana i loko o ka wā o ka maʻi.

"Na Kumu, a Margarita" a me ka hope makahiki

E hana i ka mea kikowaena puke pio i ka mea kākau moʻolelo loa, alaila, haawi mai ia i ou wahi lihi iki o ka noonoo ana a me ka hana. I ka 1928, wale i ka manaʻo o ka puke iʻikeʻia i loko o 1930, i hookuu ia i ka hei ana o i i hele ma ka nui hou 'pono e hōʻoia i ike i ka malamalama o ke kikokikona e mākou a pau e hoomanao, paha ma ka naau. Kekahi o nā 'aoʻao i mānewanewa ōlaʻi i ka manawa, a me na makahiki hope o ke ola ana o Bulgakov he mumulu mai hoʻoponopono o ka makaukau koena ai a me ka nadiktovyvaniem "hoʻopau" mana Elena Sergeevna.

Akā, dramaturgical hana mea e hana ole ana i loko o kona mau makahiki hope Bulgakov. He ukuhi i ka hula ma muli o ka hana o ka punahele moʻolelo - Gogol a me Pushkin, oia kākau, "ma ka papa". Alexander i ka mea wale nō haku mele i aloha i ka mea kākau moʻolelo. A me kekahi o ia mau kii mai a wehe i ka make ea paha. Bulgakov kipa manaʻo o ka moʻolelo keaka wale na hana e pili ana i Stalin, akā, ke kakauolelo nui ua hoʻohoka keia mau hoao ana.

Ma ka verge o ka make

September 10, 1939 i ka mea kākau moʻolelo koke nalowale hihio. Bulgakov (i ke kumu o ka make o kona makua kāne - nephrosclerosis) mai nei a pau na symptoms o kēia maʻi, a hiki i ka hopena mea a pau i ka ia maʻi. Mahalo i ka hoʻoikaikaʻana o kana wahine, a me ka sanatorium lapaʻau sclerosis symptoms kai. Ua hiki apono 'oe e hoʻi ai i ka haalele hana, akā,ʻaʻole no ka lōʻihi.

Ka lā o ka make Bulgakov - March 10, 1940, he iwakalua-kumamalima ma ka auwina la. He hele aku i loko o kekahi ao, stoically hoomanawanui i ka eha a me ka hōʻinoʻia. Ka haʻalele 'ana i ka waiwai noʻeau hooilina. I ka mea pohihihi o ka make ana o Mikhail Bulgakov, a ua malu,ʻaʻole i nā mea a pau: complications nephrosclerosis pepehi lakou ia ia e like me kona makua kāne makemake. He ike pehea ia na welau. O ka hana ana, i kekahi ke olelo pono ia ka mea, e hiki mai pōʻino kekahi hanana Bulgakov e make ia. Ke kumu o ka make ua ahuwale, akā, pehea ka nui o ia mea hiki ke hoopaa ia i ke ola - ole.

Memorial hana a me ka hoʻolewa i wahi ke kuoo. Ma ka moolelo, he mea kākau maka make ea paha i ua wehe. Bulgakov Ua manao ia e cremated, e like me kona makemake. Ma ka hana paipai manaʻo hele hoa Bulgakov kākau moʻolelo, nā hoapili mai ka Moscow Art Kino, nā lālā o ka Union o mea kākau. Aʻu i kahea aku i kakauolelo o Stalin, a laila, i paʻiʻia he nui epitaph i loko o "ka palapala, ai Nupepa". He ua kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o ka Novodevichy ilina, kokoke i ka ilina o Chekhov.

Inā e mālama e pili ana i ka ninau: "Auhea o ka make ea paha o Bulgakov," laila, ke pane mea puni hoʻi: ka mea, ua loaa i ka mea ia posthumous, i hoʻolei i loko o ka iau. A laila, e like me ka kiʻi kaula i wale i loaʻa kekahi hihia i olelo o ka mahalo a me ka hoomaikai aku no Bulgakov like me ka loea kākau moʻolelo, hoʻowahāwahā i nā hihia a pau o kona ola ana. I ka makemake o ka mea kākau moʻolelo mea ole, a ua hiki ole i kumu, i makemake pono i loko o ka make ea paha. Bulgakov aole hoʻoili ma ka palaualelo kalaʻihi, ka oi o keia ano keia ano. Hoʻopio i ka manawa, ua hoʻoholo ihola i kona mau nā hoapili.