Smolensk'āina a pau: counties a me nā kauhale e pili pū

Ka moʻolelo o nā'āina i loko o ka mokuna o imperial Rusia mua nā lā hoʻi i ka 1708 makahiki. Kēiaʻano o ka subdivision ola a hiki i 1929. Ma keia aoao e hana i ka mahele o ka aina o ka uuku hoʻomalu naehana, e like me ka 'āina' mahele.

Ka moʻolelo o Smolensk'āina a pau

Iloko o ka haku o ewalu'āina Peter I i ka 1708 ka mea i hoʻokumu 'ia i loko o ka helu o nā Smolensk'āina a pau. Land i loko o ka aina, he hapa o ka hookahi ia kenekoa pa alima, a aia ma ka Europa hapa o ka aina. Smolensk panalaau ana a hiki i ka 1929, a laila e lilo ana i ka wahi i ka Reformation i loko o ka Soviet Union. I ka papa kuhikuhiE kulanakauhale o ka aina i manaoia Smolensk.

Ke specificity o ka wahi o ka aina subdivision o imperial Rusia hoʻolako i ke koke a? Aneiai hana me ka hapanui o ka mea'ē aʻe'āina.

Aina i kokoke i ka i kēia'āina:

• Tver panalaau (akau a me ka akau-hikina);
• Moscow a Kaluga (hikina);
• Orel (hema - hikina);
• Chernigov (hema);
• Mahileu (komohana);
• Vitebsk a Pskov (i loko o ka Koro).

aina Reformation

Ka lānai hou Smolensk'āina i ka hola nā kūlanakauhale. Ka nui o ia mau mea: Roslavl, Smolensk, White, Vyazma, Dorogobuzh. Naʻe, i ka 1713 o ka'āina i disbanded, kona nui loa hele aku la i ka moku'āina hapa o ka Riga aina.

A laila, ma hope o umikumamakolu makahiki, ka mea i ua hapa 'ia' hoihoi hou ia. Ua Ua haku o elima apana: Dorogobuzh, Belsky, Smolensk, Vyazma a me Roslavl.
I kekahi mau mea ma hope (i ka 1775), ua hooponoia ka'āina i loko o Smolensk governorship. Ma muli o ke kenekoa loli i ka hoʻi o ehiku hou counties: Kasplyanskogo, Elninskaya, Krasninsky, Gzhatsk, Sychevsky, Porechsky, Ruposovskogo. A mau makahiki ma hope i hoopahaohao Ruposovsky a me Kasplinsky counties i Yukhnovsky a me Duhovschinsky. Ua ua wale i ka 1796 governorship reformatted hou i loko o ka'āina.

I ka wā mai ka 1802 a hiki i 1918 ma na kahua o Smolensk mokuna maupaʻa he umikumamalua apana. Ka uuku ?? eoi? Nohoia Sychevsky - 2825ʻahā like versts.

Hoʻomalu ia kenekoa Apana o Smolensk'āina a pau:

• Yukhnovsky;
• Vyazemskij;
• Belsky;
• Gzhatskaya;
• Duhovschinsky;
• Elninskaya;
• Sychevsky;
• Dorogobuzh;
• Roslavlsky;
• Smolensk;
• Porechsky;
• Krasninsky.

241 County Ua helu i loko o ke kalana, 4.130 kua'āina nā kaiāulu, a ma kahi o kekahi 14.000 nń wahi pa. Eia hou, i ka mokuna o ka aina he ewalu kauhale, a me 600 mau kauhale. Ke koena o ka hooponopono, he mau aina, mau kauhale uuku hoi, mahiʻai. Lōʻihi Smolensk panalaau ua 340 holo pololei mai (kekahi versta halawai laekahi 1067 mau mika). Kona mokuna oia ka uuku oi ma mua o 49212ʻahā like versts.

heluna kanaka

E like me ka helu 1897, i ka heluna o ka aina o Smolensk ua he uuku oi ma mua o ka hapalua o ka miliona poʻe e noho ana. Ma nā kūlanakauhale a me emi mai malalo o ka umi pakeneka o ka heluna kanaka, ma kahi o 121 tausani kanaka. Ma mua o ka abolition o serfdom i ka 1761, i ka helu ana o serfs i hele mai i ka 70% o ka huina heluna kanaka.

Smolensk aina i ka lani kiekie loa ana o ka ole-noa kanaka i waena o nā'āina o Tsarist Rusia. Ma ka kekahi keonimana ma ka awelika hoike ia ma kahi o 60 serfs. Ma ka pau ana o ka 19th kenekulia i loko o ka'āina o Smolensk, he 13 monasteries, 763 na ekalesia a me kekahi kaiāulu. Pakeneka clergy ua 0,6% o ka huina helu o ka poʻe e noho ana. Smolensk mokuna me he hookahi ia kenekoa pa alima oki e nei i ka 1929, a ua hoohui kona mau aina, a hiki i ka Western Māhele '.

Hana a me ka mahiai i loko o ka māhele 'āina

Kauhale o Smolensk aina kaulana no ka mākaukau hanaili, aia a weavers. Local nā kupa iʻano nui pū ma ka mahiai, mahi mānoanoa ko: rai, ota, buckwheat, hua palaoa. Ma Rostislavskom kalana mahi millet i loko o ka uuku buke. I Vyazma a Sychevsky counties mahi hemp a me ke olonā. Ke kulanakauhale Tesovo Sychevskii Apana i lnovodnaya wahi. Ulana a me ka pulupulu-spinning palaoa aia i loko o ke kauhale o Yartsevo Duhovschinskogo County. Ma Rostislavskom County ho'āʻo o Matchbox a me kaʻili? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Ua hohola like i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka hoike ana o ke aniani huahana a me ka ulu lāʻau me nā huahana. Bielsko - hohono a me ka pōhaku lepo.

Smolensk panalaau kaulana no kona kīhāpai. ʻano nui komo ma ka mahi ana i kekahi mauʻano likeʻole o ka ohia, plums a me ka ohia. e kuai Mele ma Moscow. Akā, ia mea,ʻaʻole wale kaulana no kona mahiʻai Smolensk panalaau.

Smolensk kalana

Kēia māhele i ka loa densely na kanaka] ma ka nane hea i na aina e. Ka i nā kupa iʻano nui kalepa ana a me ka Lithuanians. Roslavl kalanaʻano nui 'ana i mālama mahiʻai haʻawina.

Waleʻaneʻi ulu buckwheat, bale a me ka millet. Ua Ua mua hana Smolensk agrarian ke kaiāulu kanaka, no ka hooulu ana o ka mahiai. Aia he aee o ka mahiʻai hana a me ka mea lapaʻau. Ua paʻa loa hoʻomāhuahua ai pōkole e puku i ka oo palau oo palau. Nā pū ua hanaʻia e kaiakū haku, i emi iki mahope o ke hola maʻamau.

By 1880 954 nā hale hana a me ka hola, i ka ho'āʻo o ma Smolensk mokuna. Over ka mea e hiki mai ana he umikumamawalu makahiki, i ka helu o nā mea wili a me nā hale hana mahuahua ma ka ewalu iniha, kapuaʻi. Ma kekahi, ua hoʻomōhala a me ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i ka waiū hola, a ua oi paha ma ka hikina apana o ka aina.

ka hopena

Ma kahi o 1000 makahiki aku nei, ua lilo i mea akaka i ka hoʻokō functioning o ka moku'āina pono ia i ka mahele i loko o aaieieno? Naehana. Ka mea mua i maopopo nä haumäna ka lā hoʻi i ka X kenekulia AD. Princess Olga maheleia Novgorod aina i loko o ka graveyards. Hope ma ka XV kenekulia, Ivan Grozny i ka mahele o ka Novgorod ?? eoi? Lima o ka. I ka hoʻomaka o ka XVIII kenekulia, e hoʻolauna i ka manaʻo o nā'āina a me ka apana. Ka mea, lilo ka prototype o ka i keia la i ka wahi a me ka apana.