Cranial nā aʻalolo, 12 hui o:'anatomia, papaʻaina i hana '

Nā aʻalolo hōʻike 'ia ma o ka lolo a me ka holo ana mai o ka mea, ma ka lāʻau lapaʻau ua hoakakaia like cranial ole cranial nā aʻalolo (12 hui). Ka mea, innervate glands, nāʻiʻo, a me kaʻili me nā loko aia i loko o ke poo a me ka ai, e like me ka abdominal a me ka thoracic cavities.

E ka kamailio i keia la e pili ana i kēia mau Leomakana a me ka poʻe 'aʻe' ia ai ka haohao ana i loko o ia mau mea.

Kind o cranial nā aʻalolo

Kēlā me kēia no la hui o nā aʻalolo ua denoted ma ka Roma numeral, mai ka mua a hiki i ka umikumamalua, e like me kā lākou wahi ma ka kumu o ka lolo. Ka mea, i ke aupuni 'o ka mea kēia mea:

1) olfactory;

2) puaʻa pūkoʻa a;

3) oculomotor;

4) aeie;

5) trigeminal;

6) diverting;

7) maka;

8) A lohe;

9) glossopharyngeal;

10) eha;

11) ka hoʻopaneʻe 'ana;

12) sublingual.

Mau nā autonomic efferent a me ka afferent olona, a me kā lākou mau Kora naʻEsau i aia i loko o ka oho mea o ka lolo. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka haku mele 'ana o nā aʻalolo olona, a pau cranial nä olonä (12 hui) e māheleʻia i loko o sensory, Hawaii a me ka hui. E mākou manao ia ma keia manao.

ikepili koʻikoʻi? ueo

Kēia hui nā olfactory, pilikia makapō a me ka auditory nā aʻalolo.

Ke olfactory nā aʻalolo i keʻano o ka hanaʻana i ka mea i loko o ka nasal mucosa. E hoʻomaka ana me ka nasal lua, ka mea, i kela kapa o ka maka aha papa a me ka mea pono i ka olfactory u kukui, ma ka mua neuron na welau a hoʻomaka i ke kikowaena ala.

Puaʻa pūkoʻa a paʻa ninoieo o olona, e holo ana mai ka retinal cone, a mau laau la. A pau na nä olonä i kekahi hapa o kekahi pahu i loko o ka cranial lua. Mua, ka mea hana i kela aoao, alaila optic'āpana, lolo anei i circumferential puluniu optic a me kona mau pou-oaio? A. I kekahi aʻalolo kikowaena ma kahi o hoʻokahi miliona olona, (axons o na neurons o ka retina) a, ma ka hou, e maupaʻa kekahi waho o ka vagina, oiai ka kekahi - o ka loko. Nā aʻalolo komo ka cranium ma ka pilikia makapō moana.

Ma ka walu o ka paʻa o cranial nā aʻalolo e lohe - 12 hui o na mea e ae, ma ka hou ana i mau mea ekolu no i ka Hawaii a me ka hui. Ma ka auditory nā aʻalolo olona, i kauohaia mai ka waena pepeiao i na nuclei. I kela a me keia o ia komo ka vestibular a me cochlear aa. Ka mea, ana, mai ka waena pepeiao a me ka mea i loko o ka cerebellopontine huina.

HawaiiʻAno

Ma kekahi pae o ka 12 hui o cranial nā aʻalolo i oculomotor, aeie, hou, sublingual a me ka mākeke nā aʻalolo.

Ke kolu o ka paʻa, a laila oculomotor nä olonä pihaʻi me autonomic, Hawaii, a me ka parasympathetic olona. Ka mea, ua māheleʻia i loko o kekahi keena, a malalo lala. A wale nō ka luna lālā i Hawaii pae. Ka mea, i kekahi hapa o ka Muscle e hoala i ka lihilihi.

I ka mea e hiki mai ana pūʻulu kikowaena aeie i nā aʻalolo e alakai i ka maka, e neʻe. 12 hui - - Inā a pau i ka cranial nā aʻalolo kakou e hoakaka aku i kēia mau mea i ka loa nä meaʻai. Ka mea, originate mai ka nucleus e tegmentum, laila o Hoamakeikekula i ka lolo kumu, a kauoha ia i loko o ka Astronomical, innerviruya mauka kēlā Muscle o ke kii onohi maka.

Abducens hai aku i ka olelo i ka maka Muscle. Ka mea, i ka Hawaii kāna mau 'ōlelo i loko o ka lua. E hele mai ana mai loko mai o ka lolo, e hoouna aku ai i ka oi orbital māwae ka mea, innerviruya loaʻa pono maka nāʻiʻo.

Additional nā aʻalolo originate mai ka medulla oblongata, a me ka cervical like o ka spinal kaula. Ke kanaka aʻa e pili ana i kekahi kumu e holo ana ma ka puka, a mea divisible ma na lala mawaho, a na. Kūloko lala, a he olona, komo i loko o ka innervation o ka larynx a me ka pharynx, ka mea, ua pili i ka vagus nā aʻalolo.

A me ka hope o ka 12 hui o cranial nā aʻalolo (Table a no ka pono ua hooku iho la ia ma ka hopena o ka 'atikala) e pili ana i ka Hawaii, e ka hypoglossal nā aʻalolo. Ke kumu o kēia nā aʻalolo mea cerebrospinal. Akā, ma manawa, ka mea, ua hoʻoneʻe hoʻi i loko o ka iwipoo. Ua mea akaka i ka mea o ka Hawaii nā aʻalolo o ka 'ōlelo. Aʻa i waho mai loko mai o ka medulla oblongata, a laila, i kela kapa o ka carotid artery, a komo i ka lingual nāʻiʻo i hookaawale ai i lala.

hui wale

Kēia hui nā trigeminal, lehalehu t, glossopharyngeal a me vagus nā aʻalolo. Ma ka hui nā aʻalolo, ganglia malaila, like me ka poe i pau i loaʻa i loko o ka spinal, akā, ka mea e mai i ke alo a me ka hope o na aa. Ka mea, i ka Hawaii a me ka sensory puluniuʻAno i hui ma ka like kumu. No hoi, ka mea i pono e puni.

Hua 12 kekahi mau hui o cranial nā aʻalolo. Pela, ke kolu, ehiku, eiwa a me ka umi o ka hui i parasympathetic olona, ma ka auoiaea pauku e i kauoha ai i ka autonomic ganglia. He nui o ia merged lala, ma ka mea okoa olona.

Ke trigeminal nā aʻalolo i mau aʻa, ma ka nui o ikepili koʻikoʻi, a me ka uuku - Hawaii. ili innervation o ia mau hana ma luna o ka pāpale aliʻi, a me ka pepeiao chin mau mea. Innervation i ka hopuʻia ka conjunctiva a me ka maka kii onohi, dura, mucous - ka ihu a me ka waha, niho a me ka nui aʻe ana, e like me ka nui loa o ke alelo.

Trigeminal nā aʻalolo ke aupuni 'ma waena o na wawae cerebellar, waena, a me ka alahaka. Olona, i ikepili koʻikoʻi kumu ganglion e moe ana i loko o ke kino pyramid kokoke i ka apex i ua hana ma ka splitting ka dura. Ka mea, pau i loko o ka nucleus o ke aʻalolo, i ua aia i loko o ka lua, a me me ka nucleus o ka spinal alanui, mau i loko o ka medulla oblongata, a laila, hoouna aku la i ka spinal kaula. Hawaii nā aʻalolo mole olona, originate mai trigeminal nucleus, i mea i loko o ke alahaka.

Mai ka ganglion hele upper-, lalo iwi, a me ka optic nā aʻalolo. Ka hope ua ikepili koʻikoʻi, ua maheleia i nosoresnichny, frontal a me ka waimaka. Innervation 12 cranial nā aʻalolo hui loli aʻe,ʻaʻole wale mawaena o lakou iho hui, akā, i nā mea loaʻa lala. Penei, lacrimal nā aʻalolo innervates ke kīloi paʻewa huina o ka maka, Eʻoi mai ana i ka lacrimal gland secretory lālā. Ke frontal nā aʻalolo, niioaaonoaaiii, ua manamana ai ma ka lae, a pau ai ia mucosa. Nosoresnichny pau ai ka'ōnohi a poʻopoʻo, aʻo ia e haʻalele puka olu oia i nä olonä i innervate ka nasal mucosa.

Ua ikepili koʻikoʻi a me ka maxillary nā aʻalolo hiki pterygopalatine fossa a me ka palatal-huli ana ke alo i lalo ke alo. Mai ia originate i ke keena alveolar nā aʻalolo e hele ana i ka niho o ke a luna a me ka nui aʻe ana. Ke aʻalolo ae ma na papalina o ka ganglion nā aʻalolo ma ka hope o ka ihu a hiki i kona mucosa a me ka nasopharynx. Nā aʻalolo olona, e kōkua aloha a me ka parasympathetic.

I kekahi poʻe'ē heʻano o ka mandibular nā aʻalolo. Ua ninoieo o ka Hawaii kumu. Kona sensory lālā nā buccal nā aʻalolo haawi i ka pono mucosal ushno-kino innervating ka ili ma luna o ka luakini a me nā pepeiao, a lingual, i pau ai ka maka, a me ka hoʻi 'ōlelo. Emi iki mahope o alveolar nā aʻalolo mea hui. Ka Wailele O i loko o ka iwi ā lalo, ia welau a ma luna o kona chin, ai manamana ai mai nei i loko o kaʻili, a mucosa o ka lalo lehelehe. Na lala i nakinakiʻia i ka autonomic ganglia:

• ushno-kino nā aʻalolo - me ka pepeiao i innervate ka parotid gland;
• lingual nā aʻalolo - me ka ganglion haawi ana innervation i loko o ka submandibular a me ka sublingual glands.

I ke alo nā Hawaii a me ka sensory cranial nā aʻalolo. Hui olona, ho okumu mouthfeel. Kekahi mau olona, innervateʻaneʻi lacrimal a me ka salivary glands, a me kekahi poe e ae - i ka elua-hapakolu o ka olelo mua.

Lehalehu t nā aʻalolo ninoieo o Hawaii olona, e hoomaka ana ma ke keena lua. Kēia nā waena flavored nā aʻalolo a me parasympathetic olona. Kekahi keʻano o ka hanaʻana i ganglion, kūpono gustatory olona, o ka vagus a me ka glossopharyngeal nā aʻalolo. A hoʻomaka ma nā salivary a me ka lacrimal nuclei kokoke i ka Hawaii Kora naʻEsau.

Lehalehu t nā aʻalolo hoʻomaka ma ka lolo cerebellopontine ka makau, a laila puka mai ma ka wai i loko o ke alo o ka auditory meatus. Aia He He kui a me ka pahu, maalo ae la oia ma ka lua i pili i ka lingual nā aʻalolo. Ua nā flavoring a me parasympathetic olona, a hiki aku i ka submandibular ganglion.

Ka lehalehu t nā aʻalolo Haʻalele i ka i ka iwi maha, a paʻa i loko o ka parotid gland, ma intertwining. Nolaila lālā diverging kānana-hoʻokino kela ano keia ano. I keia manawa, a pau innervated nāʻiʻo i pili i ka mimic, a me kekahi mea e ae. Branch ma ka ai o ka lehalehu t nā aʻalolo lala i loko o kona subcutaneous Muscle.

Glossopharyngeal paʻa ihola innervation lacrimal glands, e kūkulu olelo kuleana, ka loko pepeiao a me ka pharynx. Hawaii olona, kauoha i ka stylopharyngeus Muscle a me ka detrusor puʻu, a me kaʻimiʻana - no parotid gland e ushnomu ganglion. Nā nuclei o kēia mau nä olonä, ma ka Akä naÿe i nā nuclei a he 12 hui o cranial nā aʻalolo, e hoonohonoho i loko o ka lua - triangle o ka vagus nā aʻalolo.

Parasympathetic olona, hoʻomaka i ka salivary nucleus. Glossopharyngeal nā aʻalolo, neʻe aku, mai ka medulla oblongata kŰlń ao ana i ka waihona ipu'ōlelo. Mai ganglion nā aʻalolo hoʻomaka pahu me parasympathetic olona, e holo ana i ka pepeiao ganglion. Next, hoʻomaka lingual, mindalikovye a me pharyngeal nā aʻalolo. Lingual nā aʻalolo innervate i ke alelo.

Auwana mau mea lapaʻau parasympathetic innervation i loko o ka abdomen, a me ka pahu a me ka'ā'ī. Kēia nā aʻalolo ninoieo o Hawaii a me ka sensory olona. Eia ka nui innervation. Ke vagus nā aʻalolo i ka pālua kāna mau 'ōlelo:

• dorsal;
• ka mehameha'āpana.

Ka haʻalele 'ana ma hope o ka oliva ma ka ai, ko ia neiʻoniʻoni me ka neuro-vascular puapua, a laila manamana ai.

ʻaihue

Dysfunctions hiki i nā mea a pau i ka cranial nā aʻalolo - 12 Leomakana. Anatomia o ka loli ana i wahi ua hoikeia ma kekahi pae o ka Korata: a mau pua. E hana i kaʻike,, he ma-hohonu Ka Ikepili o intracranial pathological keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Inā ka lesion e loli ai i kekahiʻaoʻao o ka Kora naʻEsau, a me ka olona,, ia mea loa paha, ia mea he 'aʻe' ana i ka mana o kekahi o ka loli 12 hui o cranial nā aʻalolo.

Neuroscience haʻawina, nae, a me ka symptoms ma kaʻaoʻao e ku pono ana. A laila, diagnosed pōʻino kēlā alahele. Ua hoi ka hana ana i ka dysfunction o na nā aʻalolo i pili a me ka hoʻokano, arachnoid cyst, abscess, vascular malformations, a me nā 'ano like keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

Ke i ka wā hoʻokahi lilo o ka 12 hui o cranial nā aʻalolo,ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hyoid, a me ka vagus a me ka glossopharyngeal, i kapa e like me ka bulbar lolo. He He pilikia loa maʻi, no ka mea, he pahiki o pathology keʻano nui ioauoa o ka lolo kumu.

Knowledge o ka palapala hi ona wahi o cranial nā aʻalolo e leie aku oe i ka pono kuhikuhi i ka hapa pilikia o kēlā me kēia lesion. E hoʻomaka noiʻi, pū kūikawā 'ana i kūpono. Me ka kūpono ia hoʻi, i kēia lā e mea hiki, e hoike aku i na mea kiko'ī o ka moku'āina o ka fundus, ka optic nā aʻalolo, e diagnose i ke kahua o ka hihio , a foci o ke poho. Ka lolouila noiʻi apono 'kiʻekiʻe-miomio huli i ka poino wahi.

ophthalmological noiʻi

Kēiaʻano hana e leie aku e huai ae paewaewa ma ka oculomotor, aeie a me efferent nā aʻalolo Leomakana hōʻike i kaupalena 'locomotor ha awina'ōnohi a, exophthalmos degere elua. Pathology o ka pilikia makapō, a me ka auditory nā aʻalolo hiki ke kena ae la ma ka hou ana o ka Canal i loko o ka iwi paha, ma ka mea ku ole, kona mailaila aku. ʻike, ua i ka luna kau o ka Astronomical, like hoʻi me nā puka iwi poʻo.

Verterbalnaya a carotid angiography

Kēia papa hana, he waiwai no ka hoomaopopo vascular malformations a me intracranial keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Eia naʻe, nui ka 'ike piha ma luna o kēia mau nīnūnē e i ke kamepiula tomography. Ua visualizes cranial nā aʻalolo nui ilpko o, diagnoseʻeho pilikia makapō a me ka auditory paʻa a me nā pathologies.

rheotachygraphy

Hohonu like o ka cranial nā aʻalolo Ua i hiki ai i ke aloha a hiki i ka ulu ana o keia hana. Ua hoʻoholo i ka moku'āina o ka noho'na makaainana i ulu muscular nā māna a me mimic haʻawina, nāʻiʻo o ke alelo,ʻaeʻae kīleo a me nā nāʻiʻo. Electromyography i apono 'e hoʻomaulia i ka uku o impulse conduction ma ka nui ilpko o lehalehu t, hypoglossal a me ka mea kalaima nā aʻalolo. No keia hopena, ua noiʻi ana blink reflex pane i ua hoakaka ia e ka trigeminal a me ka lehalehu t nā aʻalolo.

Neurological hookolokolo a me symptoms o kekahi cranial nā aʻalolo

Kēia ke kaʻina hana no ka hana i loko o ka maopopo pono. Ua hoʻomaka me ke ana o ka olfactory nā aʻalolo. Pulupulu hulu hipaʻona nō i loko o stimulus lawe i na puka ihu alternately. Ke optic nā aʻalolo Ua hoao no ka maka examinations, ai, ma ka hou i ka pololei poino, hiki a hiki i ka hōʻike kiʻekiʻe loli. Pathology hiki lei stagnant, degenerative, hoʻoʻino a me nā aʻalolo hiki e loa ka make.

Lesions kēia ekolu 12 hui o cranial nā aʻalolo (oculomotor, trochlear a me ka hookuu) lilo i kumu diplopia a me ka strabismus. Ua hiki no hoi ana i ka luna lihilihi ptosis, mydriasis, diplopia.

Abnormalities i loko o ka lima o ka mau, i mea, i loko o ka trigeminal nā aʻalolo, e alakai i ka mea hōʻemi o ka pā lonoaʻili ma ka aoao o ka maka, i kahi o laua nei. Ua hiki ke ike ia ma ka maha, lae a me cheekbones, maka, chin a me nā lehelehe. Ua hana nui eha e Kahalaopuna, he mau rashes a me nā reactions. No ka mea, o ka lehalehu t nā aʻalolo i nui nā loulou, a laila, i kēia mau ua wehewehe aku ma ke ākeaʻano o pathological reactions.

I Ina o ka 'aʻe' ana o ka auditory nā aʻalolo ua deteriorating lohe, glossopharyngeal - hihia hoʻi pā lonoaʻili i loko o ka pahale pepeiao, ka hypoglossal - kaupalena 'ana' ōlelo. Ma ka hihia o ka vagus nā aʻalolo e hoʻomōhala ana i lōlō o kaʻaeʻae kīleo a me vocal kaula. No hoi ka mea hiki ke Nyos naau pāpana, ka hanu, a me nā visceral-vegetative hana.

Eiiieaena kāna hana a cranial nā aʻalolo (12 hui):'anatomia, papaʻaina

Hana o nā aʻalolo olona, hiki ke 'aʻe nā wale nō, a me ka malu nei, pu me nā pathologies o ka lalo iwipoo. No laila, ina e loli i nā aʻalolo a pau ma kekahiʻaoʻao o ka cranial waihona ipu, i ke kamailio e pili ana i ka maʻi pale Garcin. A hiki i ka ophthalmic hikoko o ka iwi a me ka pahee'aʻaʻa ia lŘlŘ maʻi pale i oi orbital māwae. Ma lesions a me obnyatelnogo a me optic nā aʻalolo aicieeaao Kennedy maʻi pale.

Mau a me nā maʻi ai ka haohao ana nā loko o nā mākua, a me ka poe keiki. No na keiki ka oi aku pinepine nā aʻalolo ka pōʻino i ka poʻe i pili me malformations.

Aia ma lalo o ka 'ole ma i kekahi ke maopopo maikaʻi pehea e hana i ka cranial nā aʻalolo (12 hui). Anatomia (papa ma muli o kona 'ike), e kōkuaʻoe ho okele i ka intricacies o ka hana o ko lākou mau pūʻulu.

ka hopena

nānā mākou i nā mea a pau i ka cranial nā aʻalolo - 12 Leomakana. Anatomia o ka papa hana i loko o ka 'atikala hōʻikeʻike i nā mea a pau cherpno-cerebral nā aʻalolo i ka luna' 'ole, a me kekahi i kekahi ua pili loa. A ina ua hoʻokō i kekahi kuleana pili i me ka kaupalena paha i hana i nā mea a pau, a laila, loaʻa nō 'aʻe'.

Ua pono e aʻo i ka cranial nā aʻalolo (12 hui) papaaina. Neurology, ka hoʻohana 'ana i kēiaʻikepili, a me ka hoomaikai ana i ka kūikawā laekahi pono, i holomua loa ai kākou i loko o ka hiki i ka' eleuʻike, a me ka hoʻokō hana o nā mea maʻi.