A hiki i ka makahiki 1983 o ka United States i aponoia i ka MLRS MLRS, a ma kona ano ua like ia me ka Soviet "makani pāhili"'ōnaehana hoʻohana i ka 1975, NATO aina hoʻoholo ihola i hahai aku la i ka Soviet Union ma na nenoai o salvo ahi. Naʻe, ka mea, i kekahi mea hou. ʻEhā mau makahiki ma hope, i ka 1987, hoohana kū'ē mea kaua regiment o ka Soviet Army komo i ka mea hoʻonoho "Smerch".
Mōʻaukala o ka hanaia'na
Ke hana, e kūkulu i ka hou rocket'ōnaehana mua ia, ma ka hou ana i nā loina hana no ka make ana o ka ipu, me na mea kaua, Manpower, Airfield a me nā koʻokoʻo, lilo a me ka make ana o tactical Kao lele lako kaua. No keia mea ka mea, ua pono e hoonui i ka pololei a me ka ia i kī pū huahelu. No ka hooulu ana o ia i ka 'oihana ka mea, i hele mai, mai ka Tula Design Buro o ka State Research a? Iecaianoaaiiie hana "kuʻi nukeliu", i i papahana nui rocket launchers Rusia. General akamai ua Alexander Nikitivich Ganichev, a ma hope o kona make ana - Denezhkin Gennadiy Alekseevich.
Design a me nā hiʻona
I ka hoomaka ana o ka hana o ka poʻe akamai iʻalo me ka nui pilikia. All Kao lele lako kaua launchers Rusia a me ke ao nei, e hoʻomaka ana me ka kaʻao "Katyusha", me ka hoomahuahua i loko o ke kī pūʻana laulā lilo ka papa kuhikuhiE lanakila lākou - volley hitting ka pale i ole, loli he nui dispersal rockets. E lanakila keia drawback, Ua pili ka mua mahuka ana o kekahi? Iaea i loko o ke ao o ka mea i olelo ammunition i kēpau, a yaw. Ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka hanana e hooponopono'ōnaehana pa a ke ku pololei i loaʻa i loko o elua, a me ka pololei - ekolu manawa oi aku ma mua ia o ka like haole nenoai o salvo ahi. Eia kekahi, ma o ka lele noi i ka maikaʻi paa-boosters. A pau kēia mau Aey? Acaeoey paipai i ka mea hoʻonoho o "Twister" - he mea o ka fundamentally hou 'ilikai i mea kākou i ka huahelu, a pepehi ka mana o ke ahi, i ka make ana o ka mea e kahiko ai kaa a me Manpower Loaʻaʻia enemi.
wahi o ka ammunition
RZSO "Twister" - mea hoʻonoho o ke volley ahi. Ua loaʻa he Launch alakai paipu 12, niioaaonoaaiii, i loko o ka ammunition kikowaena 12ʻano o Kao lele lako kaua. E noonoo i kekahi o ia mau mea. 9M55K iwi i ka poo kuleana me ka fragmentation hehee wale. Mea e noho pū no ka 'enehana pahee-ua kēnā a me ka Manpower i loko o ka wehe kula. Ka mea lele maupaʻa 9M55K1 homing submunitions. Mea e luku aku i ka luna o ke kapa kila kaa a me ka poʻina nalu. Kao lele lako kaua 9M55K3 a K4 e hoʻohana no ka Anati-nā limahana a me Anati-hoʻouku niioaaonoaaiii. Ke poo hapa 646 Ua hoʻolako pono 9M55K5 submunitions me ka hoʻokino-fragmentation lethality. Kuʻina 120 mm o homogeneous kapa kila o ka loa e ku e ia mana infantry i kolo ana ma BMP a me APCs a. Kao lele lako kaua 9M55F maupaʻa he detachable kiʻekiʻe-pahū fragmentation warhead. Ua pepehi Manpower, palapala-oaio? A, ke keʻena luna, koa a me ka iiaacu. Ka loa disruptive mea lele e "Twister" o 9M55S e iai? Oaiaaiiua thermobaric warhead (ai-kapa wahie-ea pahū, a holo pōkā pahū). Nā Pono Hana o ka moku'āina o Kaoleioku, a hoʻoholo i ka ka hoʻokōʻana o kona hoʻohana 'ana, e hoʻolaha.
Currently, ma muli o ka luna munitions hoʻomohala hou Kao lele lako kaua me ka mahuahua o ia kī huahelu o 90 kilomika. It E e kaulana kekahi hana naʻee warhead. He He Kao lele lako kaua me ka unmanned mokulele, a ua manaoia e kanaka hoʻoponopono a me ka enemi reconnaissance no ka hapalua o ka hora, a i ka kiʻekiʻe degere o ka invulnerability ke aloha i kona uuku nui.
Ka luna 'MRL
Volley mea hoʻonoho "Smerch" oia no ka hakakā kaa 9A52, hana ma ka kumu o ka eha-paepae komo huila kaʻa me kiʻekiʻe keʻa-MAZ 543 kaa. Ua akoakoa mai kekahi AEeAaOA o 12 Guides he omo kinona, eia Radio kamailio ana o ka pono, e like me loaʻa ieaoa ahi hoʻoholo nenoaiu. transportnozaryazhayuschaya mīkini ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka ukana i ka launcher, he 9T234 inideka, kekahi ma luna o ka MAZ-543. Ka mea hoʻolilo mana o ka MLRS hoʻolako, ma ka noi, he hope kaʻa "Tatra-816." O ke kumu ho i ka mea i loko o kekahi aina, e like me Inia, aia no he luawai ulu hana o kēia poʻe. E hōʻoia 'efficient hakakā noi napoo ana no hoi i hoʻohana: luna' IQ ( 'akomi ahi hooponopono) 9S729M1 "E hookuke-1" KamAZ-43114 ( «Tatra-T815"); Kaa no ka surveying (1T12-2M inideka, GAZ-66); Meteorological radiopelengatsionny eiiieaena 1B44 "Smile" ( "Ural-43203").
'āina me nā mea kaua ma RZSO
Ma ka manawa o ka Soviet Union e hina i loko o ka lima o ka ekolu regiments rocket mea kaua i ka mea hoʻonoho "Smerch". 336 regiment ma hope o ka makahiki 1991 i koe i loko o Belarus, 337 - ma Rusia, a 371 - ma Ukraine. Ma waho aʻeo ia ka luna-i hoike ia'āina, i ka mea hoʻonoho ana i loko o Azerbaijan, Algeria, Venezuela, Georgia, India, Kuwait, UAE, Peru a me Turkmenistan. Part o ka poʻina nalu i loko o kēia mau'āina, ua kau pono Rosoboronexport, a me kekahi i ua kuai lilo aku, mai na me ke koe o ka Soviet Ukraine, a Belarus. China produces RZSO "Smerch" ua i ae ia ma luna o kona kaʻa.
i olelo mua iaʻi Aey? acaeoey
I keia la o Rusia ua ulu hou Kao lele lako kaua nenoai. A Hawaii photo o kekahi o ia ua poe i kou noonoo. Kēia mea hoʻonoho o "Kama" ma ka hou kaʻa KAMAZ-6350 me 6 mawah kahi o ka 12, i ka i hōʻikeʻike mua ma ka aerospace hōʻike "pono ai ka noho-2007". RZSO kekahi mau e hoʻomōhala hou hanauna o "Tornado", a e koke intercede ma luna o ka hakakā hana i loko o ka Lūkini Army a me na puali koa o nā'āina.