Education o ka Mongolian mana: mea, lalau mai, papa a me ka hope o

Education o ka Mongolian mana kākau moʻolelo i kapa i ka 1206. Kona mea i waiwai ai, he nunui: China, a pau o Central Asia, ka Caucasus, Rusia, i ka Middle Hikina, Hungary. Hope disintegration hiki ke noʻonoʻo me 1480, ka wā o nāʻohana lilo lākou kaua uhane, ua hoopuehuia lakou, a hoomaka ae la wale no e hana i loko o na holoholona? Aneii i loko o kanaka maoli steppes.

kanaka Temujin

Education o ka Mongolian mana a pau ka pilikia Temujin (Temujin), e like me kona i kapaʻia i loko o kona wa opiopio. Kona makua kāne, no ka ano Esigey Bordzhigin, kidnapped lakou nani wahine i loko o ka Markit ohana ia ia i ua mare. Kana keiki i hanau Temujin ma ka waena o ka XII kenekulia i loko o ka Apana, i kuewa wale ae la ma na kapa o ka muliwai Aumont. I ka hapanui Esigeyaʻapu kōheoheo Tatars, ua Temujin a me kona 'ohana i kipaku mai ko lakou mau wahi i noho ai. Tatars Temujin lilo pilikino poe enemi. Temujin i taychiuty pio ia e ulu ana i ke keiki ke ole ia e hoopono mai i kona makua kāne, a • loaʻa hou i ko lakou aina. Temujin e hoʻokele i pakele, a loaʻa i ke kaikuwahine o kona makua kāne, ka mea i haawi ia ia e malumalu ai, mare i kona makua kāne manao wahine Borte, a hoomaka ae la e hooikaika i ko lakou poe koa, pākaha kokoke apana. He i pepehi aku i na pio, a lawe ia lakou i kona lawelawe.

Rise o Temujin

I ka papa kuhikuhiE waiwai o na nomads, he mau pipi a me nā kula. Ma ka ho'āʻo pono e loaʻa me na holoholona, ka mea, E ke Kumu nui hou uliuli - kahiko hooweliweli. Ke kahiko mokuna o na nomads lilo loa i ka bipi a me ka hipa. I ka uwila tribal pāonioni paʻa. ua "nomadic feudalism" e puku i ka tribal nenoaiu. He nui no ka hana mikiʻala a me ka loea koa alakaʻi Temujin. Eia hou, i ka Pākē ma ka mea e malama i ka maluhia ma ka hale, lulu ka inaina ma waena o nomadic ohana. Temujin, ua nui loa kēia ho'āla kaua mua subjugated ohana Tatars taychiutov, Markit, Oirats. Ma 1206 ma lalo o kona mana ua pau Mongolia. Ma kurtulae (Ahaolelo Lahui o ka Mongolian ali) Temujin loaa ka inoa "Kagan" a i ka inoa o Genghis a 'o ia hoʻi "moana" paha, ma kekahi mana, "i ka poe i waeia o ka lani." Kumu no ka ho okumu ana o ka Mongolian mana:

• Decomposition o ka tribal nenoaiu.
• I ka nele o ka hānai no ka nui tribal me ka ho okumu.
• Insidious kuwaho o ka holo ana ohana e ku e kekahi i kekahi Jurchen (akau-hikina Chinese), kona koa i ua i ka Mongols.

Na hou kānāwai o ka Khan Great

Nomads a Genghis Khan shuffled mai kekahi mau ohana, a mauʻohana Ua pololei hoʻonohonoho poe koa. Koʻikoʻi a me ka ae kōkua i loko o ka mea, he hao. Inā ke kahua kaua holo hoʻokahi, a lailaʻo ia i hana i ka kakini, ma ka mea āna i mālama ai. O nā ōlaʻi i mau haneri o nā haneri - tausani o nā tausani - (. 10 tausani kanaka) tumens. No ka mea ke aliiwahine hoolilo mai kekahi i ka kekahi kakini i hana. Wale nō ka mea pilikino hiki a me ka hoʻolaʻa Khan e kōkua mua kā lākou mau 'oihana,'. Kona mua nui kaua a pau, hookahi Merkit mau hoa paio hoopio i kana wahine.

Ke kaua me ke aupuni a pau o Qin

A hiki aku la ia e hoomakaukau i kekahi kaua me Kina, o ka hana mau hoʻonaʻauao o ka Mongolian moku'āina. Kumu, i ka holo ana, i nā hualoaʻa he nawaliwali kekahi kamaʻilio. Mongolia ua formally he pio eʻohana o ka Jurchen, ka poʻe i noho i loko o ka Primorsky Teritore, South Korea, i ka akau-hikina a me Central China. I ka 1209 i ka Mongols hoʻohana i ka pua ana mea kaua, a hoopio iho la i ke kulanakauhale Urahay, ai hoopuniia a hiki i ke kapikala o ke aupuni o ke Xi Xia. Ke alii ia no ka maluhia, a mare aku la i kana kaikamahine no Genghis Khan. No laila, e loaa koa ka ho'āʻoʻana, a me ka hoʻonui Mongolia. Ma keia noho pilikia hoa noho iho hui ka Uighurs, ka mea i noho ma luna o ka mokuna o Xinjiang. I ka 1210, i ukali ia e mau hou Khan i kēia hana. Hoʻonuiʻia ka'āina, a me ka Mongol koa. makaukau Khan e lanakila i ka moku'āina o Qin noho ai. In 1213, i ka poʻe hao wale o ka Mongols ma ke aupuni a pau. A nui koa Ua maheleia i 3 māhele, a lilo i ka hikina, hema a me ka hema-hikina. Beijing i kuai aku. Akā, i ka makahiki ma hope i ka 1214 hoi Genghis Khan, i Beijing, a puhi aku la ia. City puhi i ka pau o ka malama. Nohona ma, ka mea i luku 90 Pākē kulanakauhale. Ma Kina, ua hoʻokumuʻia ka moopuna o Genghis Khan ke Mongol aupuni a pau (yuanʻana). Ua ola no ka pili ana o ka haneri makahiki. A hele aku la i ke kahua o ka Mongol aupuni a pau. Kumu, i ka holo ana, hualoaʻa - ma ke kaʻina hana hōʻike.

Naʻi aupuni o Central Asia a me Transcaucasia

I ka 1218 ka Mongol pūʻali kaua naʻi i kaʻehiku muliwai, a East Turkestan - i ka aina o ka Naiman, a ma mua o ka ala i Khorezm, Bukhara, Samarkand a Urgench ia wehe. Ke kūlanakauhale i laweʻia, a luku iho la ia. Mongols hookohukohu rula o ka "wela honua". A lohe ke kaikuaana keiki a Genghis Khan hoomaka ae la e ikaika, no ka mea, ua i kona ulus, a me kona makemake, e malama aku ia ia no ka lakou waiwai, a laila, i ka mahina ma hopeʻo ia i make ma kaʻapu kōheoheo pua. I ka 1220 ka mea i lilo'ākau Iran, ka Caucasus a me Crimea.

Hike i Rusia

I ka 1223 i ka Lūkini luna, hele mai Mongol i nāʻelele. Ka mea i make. Na Mongols i ole e kala ia i heluia, ma ka olelo, a ma hope o ka pio ana o ka hui koa o ka Lūkini luna ma ke kaua ma luna o ka muliwai Kalka i ka ahaaina. Ka mea, kau i luna o ka pio ola, a noho iho ma luna o ia mau mea, ua hoʻonohonoho i ka hookahakaha na kahea ana o ke kanaka make painfully. He aha ka luku ana ka i ka Mongols he 20 wale nō tausani, oiai o ka helu ana o Lūkini, a Polovtsian kaua e like me koho likeʻole HEN, mai 40 a hiki i 100 tausani. Ia manawa, hao wale o Genghis Khan i hele mai i ka Indus. No laila, hele i ke kahua o ka Mongol aupuni a pau. Pokole, e nui ana ke hooloihi i ka 1241, ka wā Rusia i lanakila a me ke ahi, i ka Mongols hiki ke Danube ma Hungary a me Poland. Luckily no ka ia, hoi mai la lakou i ka hikina a me ka 240 makahiki entrenched ma Rusia.

Kanawai na kaua a me ka'opi o ke aupuni a pau

Education Genghis Khan Mongolian mana i wahi i loko o ka loa brutal kaua o ka naʻi aupuni. Aloha ua ole kekahi. Ma Rusia i ka makau a me ka weliweli ma hope o ka hōʻeaʻana mai o ka poʻe hao wale o Batu. Mongol ali i nā loaa ua lilo emi hana mikiʻala ke poʻo. Increasingly ma waena o Herodia. Ia manawa, Rusia hooikaika, a ma luna o kaʻauamo e ku ana ma luna o ka Ugra muliwai.

waiwai

Ke Lūkini autocracy hoʻoikaika, hooikaika i ka Orthodox Church. Ua haʻalele ka Kazan Khanate, i luku Ivan Grozny, ka hoʻokuʻu 'ana i 60 tausani. Lūkini kauā. Ma Kazan Tatars i noho ai peacefully, e lilo ana he Helene Nā Poʻe Isalama. He noho i ka apana nahaha o ka Mongol aupuni a pau i loko o ka Crimea. His Serene Kiekie Prince Potemkin lanakila. Hoomau ia nei i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Kasimov, Ryazan'āina a pau, a i loihi ua noho Tatars. Ma ka XV kenekulia, i ka wa a ka Zolotaya Orda wawahi mai, a laila, eʻikeʻia ka Siberian Khanate ma ka lalo ino i o ka Ob muliwai. Wale hao wale Ermak a me ka mahope? Acaeoey o Siberia ma ka XVI kenekulia i 'ae' Rusia e kūkulu ma kona palena, hou pā kaua.