General ano o amphibians: ke kipi 'ole, ka iwi, i ka ulu ana o ka

Amphibians - ka mea, Aloha hala loa he mau 'elele o ka holoholona aupuni, no ka mea, o ko lākou mau? Ueony, eia wale ma kahi o 3 tausani. A i loko o Rusia ka mea, ua loaʻa wale nō 28. kēia pūʻulu ua noʻonoʻoʻia e biologists ka loa primitive ano honua kahi vertebrates, akā, aka hoi, o ka hoihoi nui ana i ko lakou mau ano. Amphibians distinguishes nuipa kupaianaha physiological a me ka anatomical hiʻona. A pau o ia mau mea, o ka papa, i papa, akā, i ka loa hana hoihoi pulakaumaka kumu kūʻai o ia.

ili

Ka mea, e ia i hoike ia mua o nā mea a pau, i kana olelo ana mai o ka mea ma waho hoailona o ka papa o amphibians. A pau iloko o keia pae ana o ke kapa ili, me ka unahi. Akā, epidermis paʻa kūhohonu loa multicellular glands a hōʻoia i ka loaʻa nui o ka lahilahi wai Auana ma ke kino, Radio nui he kūlana ma cutaneous ka hanu a me ka hoonohonoho hou kinoea.

Eia naʻe, ma kekahi? Ueo i mea tailless amphibians, keratinized luna, ahu iho. E lawe, no ka laʻana, toads. Ko lakou mau kino, ua ma kahi o 60% uhi ia e ka stratum corneum. Akā, kona alo 'aʻole i hiki ole i ka anal o ka ona mau ma ka ili.

He nui ka hōʻike i ka huna, pee ma glands o kekahi amphibians, pinepine he hoailona,ʻawahia paha o keʻano ukiuki waiwai.

Interestingly, i ka malamalama i hoike ma ka honua? Ueo actinic. Mākou Kauwaʻupali rana, no kekahi laʻana, i manamana o, e like Kauwaʻupali triton. Ka mea, e hana me ka hopena o ka keratinizationʻia naʻe ili ma luna o nā fingertips.

A legless ka poeikohoia i loko o ka corium (dermis), a me nā mea a pau i pokou unahi, a nō ka i koe iho o nā amphibians aloha e ola ana ma ka Paleozoic au (542 miliona makahiki aku nei).

ka waihoʻoluʻu

Kala like 'ole kekahi mea o ka hoihoi. He ua kena ae la ia e pigment keena ma ka corium, a malalo papa o na epidermis. General ano o amphibians ke hoike nei oe i ike i ke ano o kēia mau mea ke hana mau oihana.

Ua kōkua ka hoopahaohao ana, kipaku a pale nā kānaka hoʻokūkū / Moana, a me kekahi manawa e kōkua i ka hoomaopopo hoohanau. Ma ke ala, i ke kane ma ka hoʻomaka o ke? Aneii kau waihoʻoluʻu i oi, pili. Ua kokua ia e hālāwai me oʻo kanaka, a hiki hoʻoulu penei kekahi.

A me kekahi amphibians a me nā mea a pau i hiki ke hoʻololi 'ia nā pōpō ke kaumaha ma muli o ka kāʻei kua. Ma 'ana, i ka ulu lāʻau rana, i kapaʻia he laau rana. Ka mea, e oko brownish Marsh malu paha e alohilohi, me contrasting mau kiko.

iwi

Ma ka mea i wehewehe ia ma au mamuli o ka mau ano o amphibians. kēlā me kēia 'elele o ka papa kino ua maheleia i loko o ke poo, kino, huelo a me elima-manamana lima lala. He e pili ana me ka hapalua-ano honua kahi ola i ka iwi o kēia mau mea ua maheleia i na pauku.

Cervical vertebra ua poe e hoʻokahi wale nō. Ua he a mau articular lua. Mahalo ia ia, o ka puniu wale no me ka kiko'ī a vertebrae.

Kino vertebrae hou. Akā, i ko lakou helu loli aʻe, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka? Ueo. Ma tailless amphibians, ka mea, e hookuu ana 7. legless - ma kahi o 100.

Sacral vertebra wehewehe aku ma ke alo o ka transverse keʻano o ka hanaʻana. He ia ia i pili iliac pelvic iwi. Oiaio, legless sacral vertebrae mea ma kahi'ē, a ua kaheaia loa poorly ka huelo Oihana. I tailless, a hoi hou aku ai. Ma ia ia i na poe he uuku iwi, kapa urostyle. He waiho hoʻi i ka manawa i loko o ka ulu ana o ka embryo i loko o ka palapala o ka helu o ke kaawale moku vertebrae, a i laila fused.

cranial

Kamailio e pili ana i ka iwi o ka amphibians a me kā lākou na 'ole e like me ka a pau, ua pono e kamailio e pili ana i na i Kekahi Mau' o ka cranium. Ua mea i nui loa koe cartilaginous ma ke ola. ʻano nui manawa i ka nawaliwali ana lolo a me ka chondral iwi.

Ke 'ole e like me ka a pau i' ano mea. Occipital māhele'āina ua hoʻohikiʻia ma nā kīloi paʻewa iwi. I koho iniiaiie a me ka hoaka o ka lobe i ka hola o ka like 'ole e like me ia o ka iʻa. Ka mea, kāheaʻia cartilage.

Olfactory iwi ke aupuni 'ia ma mua o ka maka kīnā. Mākou waʻa, ka mea, ma ke ala, mahu bata.

O ka hoihoi i lamellar iwi, a i aia ma na aoao elua o ke kua o ka iwipoo. Haʻi ka mea, i ole wāwae. Ma ka lalo o ka puniu wale no? Acaeoey no hoi e loli ai i ka specificity e distinguishes ka iwi o amphibians. Ka mea i ua hoalaala ia ka lalo me ka nui parasphenoid, a ma kaʻilikai kahua āpau i komo i visceral iwi (pterygoid a me ka palatine).

ā

Ka mea,ʻoi aku e pokole e hōʻike 'ia. Ke a luna 'ole'ālike iʻa. Lower kāheaʻia mekkelevym cartilage uhiia me ke kihi a me ka kahua niho iwi. Manawa a hiki i kēia 'ole, ua i komo i ka hyoid e pio mai i loko o ka IeIIeYOA i ka puniu wale no o ka iwi ā i hoʻomākaukauʻia.

Penei, ina e hoʻoholo i ka hopena, e mea hiki, e hoailona oukouʻelima nā hiʻona i distinguishes me nā 'ano o nā amphibians a me ka iʻa.

Amphibians underdeveloped Chondral iwi malama autostiliya (hui palatal-huinahalike cartilage cranium), actinic uhi i loko o kekahi mau laha ', ke ka ho'ēmiʻana o ka halo o mua aloha, a me ka Hoʻololi' hyoid e pio.

kaniai kieke

About keia mea kupaianaha anatomical hiʻona o nā 'elele tailless paukū i ke kumukuai o ka hai ana, ana i ke kipi' ole o ka amphibians.

Ke kaniai heʻiliʻeke Oe like poepoe a paukūʻolokaʻa i ka mea i hanaʻia i loko o ke kumu o ke ku una ha lua rana. He me ke kōkua o nā kāne a pau i loko o ka penei kekahi manawa pono listen ka leo o ke kahea, e oo kanaka. No laila, i kēiaʻeke - he ano o ka resonator-pahu hoʻonui leo.

Ua nana loa laholio. Ka loko paia o ka eke komo ana o kekahi mau nō ahu iho la ka ka mucosa, a me kaʻili uhi, a ma ka maʻamau moku'āina moe i loko o ke kumu o ku una ha i ka lua.

Like me ka halulu ana o ia? Iwi poe noonoo ole. Poloka inhales lewa, ma hope i ka mea hala ae ma ka puʻu, ma ka manawa o ke kuekueni o na kaula vocal.

IeAUPIIe, IAa IO kēia mau mea wale nō kekahi eke. Akā, i ke kane uliuli rana elua o lakou, a me ka mea, e aia ma na aoao a elua o ka waha.

holo

'Aʻole hōʻike o ke kumuhana i hiki ke hana mau' ano o nā amphibians. Ke circulatory'ōnaehana i loko o ka mea paa hou mai la, a me ekolu-o ke keʻena o ka naau. koko paʻipaʻiʻia ai e ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka ventricle. Na, koe wale nō salamanders i e ole i maʻiʻaʻai, a me ka naau i mau keʻena.

holo ana o amphibians mea a pau hoihoi, no ka mea, e loli ai i ke kino o ka wela, a ma ka huli hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka mea o waho. Keia mea - anu-koko mea.

Nā arteries ua māheleʻia i loko o ekolu ano. Skin a me ka akemāmā kōkua amo o venous koko a hiki i kaʻili a me ka ia maʻiʻaʻai. Ma ka aortic e pio mai ka mea, ua haawiia mai i na nā loko o ke kino. A carotid aortic arterial koko hoolako i na nā loko o ke poo.

Kamailio e pili ana i ka anatomical specificity o ka hana ana i naʻikepili makemake i makemake e hōʻike ana i ka amphibians loa haahaa nui o ka pūnao. A no ka mea, e hoomakaukau i kino o ka poʻe'ē he koko amphibians. Kēia ia hiʻona ke kumu no kā lākou composure.

pilikia makapō nā loko

A pau i pili ia lakou, e like me ka pili ana kālaimeaola. Amphibians ma ka ike i ka mea uie kekahi hapanui hewahewa o ka 'ike e pili ana i ke waho honua. Ua Radio He nui kūlana i noho ai. He nui amphibian vertical haumāna, like me ka popoki. Ka mea, imi i ka po. Iloko o ka lā, ma muli o ia i ka ho'ākāka 'ole o na haumana e huli i loko o ka loa haiki slit. Pela no ka mea, ua palekana mai ka waiū e Map.

Akā, he mea no hoi ao, aiia. Oia amphibian haumāna papamoe, a me ka hoohalua ana no ka waiwai pio, ka mea, i ma luna o ka wai.

I mau, me ka pilikia makapō nā loko o kēia mau mea hiki ia, e huai ae i keʻano o nā mea, e kālailai i ka pilikia, a pane koke ia ia. A aiiay reflexes, ma ke ala, e like me na mea i hiki. Ka ike ana i ka Moana e loaʻa ai ka Loaʻaʻia, e hoouka aku i ka rana koke Lele i kahi o ka pouli, me ka manao e lilo i emi kekahi '.

More amphibians i ka hoomanao ana. Ua hale kūʻai o ka muaʻike hou e pili ana i nā 'ano o ko ke ao nei (ma kahi o Moana a me ka ai ole. D.). I mea no ke aha la amphibians maopopo mea, maopopo pilikia loa. Epekema loaʻa mai i ka toad ma hope o kona nahuʻia i ka nalo hopeʻeha, wasp a bumble nalo hopeʻeha no ka lōʻihi loa ka manawa, e makaala, o pau nā mea kolo, somehow ua like no me ko lakou mua "hewa".

honi

He mea hiki ole i ke haʻalele me ka hoʻolohe, a me ka kumuhana, kamailio e pili ana i ka mea maloko 'ole o amphibians. Ke olfactory hui, o ko lākou mau manaʻo. Ka mawaho puka ihu paa, a wehe ma lalo o ka aoao o kūikawā nāʻiʻo, a kamaʻilio me ke Keena Kalaiaina o ku una ha i ka lua.

I hookomoia ma ka'ōnaehana olfactory mauʻeke i pee mau huna wetting ia. He okoa ka buke o kela a me keia? ueo. Ka nui loa eke i loko o ka legless (Cecilia) a me anurans (rana, toads).

Interestingly, ka olfactory hui, ua functioning wale nō i loko o ka lewa. Inā amphibian ua bapetizo i loko o ka wai, kona mau puka ihu i paa.

No hana hoihoi 'o ka hui, o ka ala i loko o ka burrowing caecilians. e hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ke ala ana o ka ai, a me kona 'elele malihini? ueo a me habitats lakou. Amphibians lahui ikepili koʻikoʻi ano o nā dudima, i ua exacerbated i loko o ka luawai.

ola kalapona

Ano, ua hiki ke noʻonoʻo i kēia kumuhana i loko o hou au mamuli, like me ka ulu ana o amphibians. Ma ke ola kalapona biologists ua hōʻike 'eha kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao - hua manu, larva kahua o ka metamorphosis, maturation.

No laila,ʻaʻohe amphibian hua iwi, e like me ka iʻa. No ka mea, ka mea e noi mai ana a eia i ona mau e hoʻoikaika i, na nā mākua waiho ia ma ka hou wai a ma ka aina, akā, kokoke i ke kumu. No hoi he mea i amphibian e hali ana i na hua noʻu iho. Rhacophoridae ka mea paʻa ma ka opu, no ka mea hoike, a me na kane Pipa Surinamese loa ikaika loa o Paulo fertilized hua ma ka hope o ka wahine.

Ma hope o kekahi manawa o ka larvae hoʻomoe. E like me ka mea 'ole ka mea e hoohalike ai ka iʻa. A laila, he mea he hohonu hou ', a me ka larva kino ua hoohuliia i loko o kekahi kanaka makua. Kēia kaʻina ia lŘlŘ i loko o nā mea a pau naʻano likeʻole. Anura ulu loa koke, akā, legless amphibians a me salamanders ulu lohi.

Mālama no ka keiki

Mahope au makemake makemake e hoopa aku ma luna o ke kumuhana, kamailio e pili ana i ka hooulu ana o amphibians. Ma kekahi? Ueony, malama no o ka mamo mea akaka loa hana hoihoi.

E lawe, no ka mea hoike, o ka bipi-rana (lat. Lithobates catesbeianus). A pau ka manawa, iā i hahaiia oʻoʻana, i ka wahine malama ia ia. Oiai hoʻomoe larvae ulu - pū. A kane i keia manawa hoʻi i ka nui o ka wai i loko o ka ka maloʻoʻana i puddles kahi ulu keiki kakou nana. Inā ka pono aicieeaao, ia deepens kā lākou eli iho la i ka auwai paha i loko o ka e hiki mai ana, a laila, surpasses tadpoles.

A notorious rana hiki e kūkulu i ka pūnana ma luna o ka pono no ia i kanu ia e puku i ka larvae Reservoir. Kekahi o na kanaka, a me ka "kumu" eli. Keia mea no ka mea, i kēia mauʻano o ka laau rana noho i loko o ka pāpale aliʻi o Tropical nahele, a loaʻa nō nui pilikia i ka huli wai no ka paipai 'keiki kakou nana. No ia mea, phyllobates (a mea i waena o ka loa niho eha ma ka Honua, ma ke ala) kau hua ma luna o ka lau o ka laau. Ka mea malama ia, a me ka wā o ka larvae hoʻomoe, laila hoolilo ia hoʻi i ka wai mikrovodoomy, Aia i loko o ka lau axils.

hiki nae About amphibians haʻi iā mākou nui aku hana hoihoi mea. Eia naʻe, nui ka 'ike piha i loaʻa ma luna o kekahi kanaka kumu, no ka mea, mea maoli loa nui, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i ka papa, e like me ua olelo mai ma mua, ua manaoia e e uuku.