Gustav Meyrink: Kawaihae,ʻike hoʻokumu, ka hoʻololiʻana o nā hana

Kekahi o nā mea kākau loa kaulana o ka huli ana o ka XIX-XX kenekulia - Gustav Meyrink. Expressionist a me ka unuhi ka mea i loaa nā hualoaʻa a iaia i ke aloha i ka puke "Golem". Ua nui noiʻi Ua pono hea aku ia i kekahi o ka bestseller mua o ka 20th kenekulia.

Wā kamaliʻi a me ka adolescence

I ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo nui i hanau ma Vienna ma 1868. Kona makua kāne Kuhina Carl av Hemmingen ua mare i ka mea hana keaka Mary Meyer, no ke aha la Gustav i hanau illegitimate. Ma ke ala, Meyer - kona maoli inoa, Alia Meyrink la oia i hope.

Biographers e hoailona oukou i ka hoihoi 'au mamuli: ka expressionist kākau moʻolelo hanau January 19, ka ia lā, e like me ka mea kaulana Amelika kākau moʻolelo-nani, ka American Edgar Allan Poe. Ma ka mōʻaukala o ka moʻokalaleo o ko lākou mau'āina, ka mea hoʻokani ua mau manamana i ka like.

Noho 'ana kamaliʻi Gustav Meyrink i me kona makuwahine. E like me ka mea hana keaka, ua ua pinepine ma ke alanui, no laila, i kona wa kamalii i lilo i mau hele. Learning hele mai i loko o kekahi mau kūlanakauhale - Hamburg, Munich, Palaka. Meyrink noiʻi kuhikuhi mai i kona makuwahine ana, he me. I mea no ke aha, e like me na mea he nui ka palapala, ai manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni, no laila, mahalo he demonic wahine huapalapala i loko o kāna hana.

Palaka manawa

I ka 1883 Meyrink hele mai i Palaka. Here ia i puka 'o ia mai ka Academy oʻIliahi, a ua he moni hooiaio ana. Ma keia kulanakauhale, Gustav Meyrink lilo mau makahiki, pinepine ae kolo `iā ia i loko o kona mau hana. Palaka mea ole wale i ke kāʻei kua no ia, akā, i kekahi o na kumu nui huapalapala i loko o kekahi mau novels, e like me "Ka Golem," "Walpurgis Night", "ka'ānela o ke komohana Window".

Here i kekahi o nā hanana kī i loko o ke ola o ka mea kākau moʻolelo, kaulana biographers. Details e pili ana i ka mea hiki ke aʻo mai i ka moʻolelo o "Ka Pilot", paʻiʻia ma hope o kona make ana. I ka 1892 Meyrink i imi e pepehi ia ia iho,ʻike piʻi i ka hohonu uhane hoʻoponopono ulia. He piʻi ma luna o ka papa, lalau aku la ia i ka pū panapana liʻiliʻi, a me ka ua ana i ka pana, kekahi pahee ma lalo o ka puka ana o ka palapala liilii - "Life ma hope o ka Make". Mai ho'āʻo e haʻalele i ke ola ka mea, ua i ka manawa hoole. Nui, pâʻani mystical coincidence he kūlana nui i loko o kona olaʻana a me ka hana.

Meyrink lilo hoihoi i loko o ke ao o ka theosophy, kabbalah, ka mystical aʻo o ka hikina, hana Yoga. I ka la mahope i kokua mai ia ia Makuakane ole wale uhane, akā, i physical pilikia. Mea kākau a pau kona ola, waiho wale mai hoʻi eha.

hui panakō

I ka 1889, Gustav Meyrink seriously pū ma ka waiwai. Together me ka hoa, Karistiano Morgenstern hoʻokumu i ka pali, "Mayer a me Morgenstern." Ma mua, na mea hele uphill, akā, he mea kākau pū ma ka hui panakō hana mea ole pohihihi, ka uku oi nānā i ke ola o ka naita ma dandy.

Ma ke kumu o ka mea kākau moʻolelo kuhikuhi mai pinepine ae la oia, no ka mea, o keia, oia i kaua mai i ka Reuʻela,ʻo ia a me kekahi luna. I ka 1892, ua mare kokoke koke loaa ole ma ka mare ana, akā, oki wale i ka 1905, no ka loio i hoʻopaneʻe 'ia ana a me ka manaopaa o kona poe wahine.

Ka nui, e hoike ana i ka hui panakō? Acaeoey oo loa loa ino, e lilo ka nohoaliʻi i ka 1902, ka wā Meyrink i lawe mai ai i ka hihia no ka noi o ka spiritualism a me ka anaana ma ka hui panakō hana. He malailaʻaneʻane 3 mahina i loko o ka hale paʻahao. Hoopii ike alapahi, akā, i kēia hihia mea no ka hopena maikaʻi ma luna o kona 'oihana kālā.

I ke kakahiaka nui ka palapala, ai 'oihana

Meyrink noʻeau 'oihana hoomaka ma ka 1903 a me ka uuku satirical moʻolelo. Kela manawa, ka mea, i kekahi 'hoihoi i loko o mysticism. I loko o kēia wā, Gustav ua 'Imi cooperating me ka Palaka Neo-romanticism. I ka wai la oia i hookuu i kona mua puke "Hot nā kānaka a me nā moʻolelo", a ma hope ohi o pōkole moʻolelo "orchid.'ē moʻolelo".

I ka 1905, oia ua kokoke mai ka lua o ka mare - me Filominoy Bernt. Ka mea, hele, hoʻomaka e hoolaha i ka satirical Magazine. I ka makahiki 1908 mai ke kolu o ka ohi ana o pōkole nā moʻolelo - "mahuahua". Ka palapala, ai hana hiki ole hānai i ka 'ohana, no laila, Meyrink hoomaka ae la e noiʻi i unuhi. No ka pōkole wā ia e hoʻokele i ka unuhi 5 puke o Charles Dickens. Translation Meyrink hana a hiki i ka hopena o ke ola, a me ka uku nui noonoo ana i ka occult ölelo Pelekänia.

Ka puke "Ka Golem"

I ka 1915, ua paʻi i ka puke kaulana loa ma ka mea kākau - "Golem". Meyrink koke ke launa mai Europa nani. Ma ka 'ōlelo o ka huina hoonui kaʻao o ka Iudaio Rabi nana i hana i ka lepo ano e oia, a Animated ia ka hoʻohana' ana kabbalistskih hāʻina o nā haʻawina.

I ka hana i wahi i loko o Palaka. Ke narrator, nona ka inoa koe na mea ike ole, somehow loaʻa ka inaina aku ai o ka Athanasius manu kekahi. Mahope iho o keia, ka meʻe hoʻomaka e ike i na moeuhane, me he mea la o ka loa manu. He Ka imi, e huli i ka mea nāna o ka ua inaina i ka. Ma ka hopena, E ao hoi oukou i keia stonecutter a me ka hoola hou, ka poe i noho nui makahiki aku nei i loko o Palaka, ma ka Iudaio ghetto.

Ka puke i ka pomaikai nui a pau ma luna o ka honua, e waiho i ka mooolelo no ia manawa holo o 100 tausani kope. Ka hiʻona o ka huina hoonui i ole Hāʻule maila lākou i ka First World War, i puka mai ai ma ia manawa, a me ka nui, e hoike ana i ka hana i ole e hoolea ana i ke kaua, oiai i loko o Austria-Hungary i ole nou ka pomaikai.

Kelemānia i Russian "Golem" unuhi pono-ike Soviet unuhi David Vygodskii ma 20-30s.

Ka mua ka pomaikai nui e lako pono i ka hiʻona o Meyrink, a mahope novels, nae, e like me ka nui holo, ka mea, e hou i lawe. "Green maka" Ua hoʻokuʻuʻia i loko o ka helu o ka 40 000 kope.

Oka i loko o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni

Ma hope iho o ke kala o ka puke "Ka Golem" Ua lilo i mea mahaloia ka hoʻololiʻana o Meyrink puke. Ke kumuhana mua hoʻoneʻe i ka nui pale he German Auana kau wela Paul Wegener i ka 1915. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo ia me ka puke Meyrink hoʻohuiʻia ia wale nō ka mea mua kaao. ʻOiai ka mea, ua i alii iho la oia mai i kēia puke i hooeueuia lakou filmmakers. O ka hana ka mea, hoʻokani Golem Wegener. E like me ka hopena, oia i hana i ka trilogy e pili ana i ka lepo ke kanaka. I ka 1917, i ka pena "ka Golem, a me ka hula," a ma ka 1920 "Ka Golem: Pehea He hele mai i loko o ke ao nei." Eia naʻe, i ka ho film loa mua ua nō noʻonoʻo nalowale. Ua malamaia wale ma kahi o 4 minuke o nā hola pale manawa. ¶ E hoomaikaiia'ku ke Wegener Golem lilo i recognizable i na¯ hana alanui.

Meyrink Auana ka hoʻololiʻana o nā puke mai i pau i laila. I ka 1936 ma Czechoslovakia, ke hele mai i ka ho film "Ka Golem." Meyrink hoonani aku i ka hana i kauoha ia ma ka Julien Duvivier. I ka makahiki 1967, aneane literally he puke Film Palani mea kuhikuhi Jean Kershborn. I ka 1979, a hiki i ka ia kumuhana e paʻa ai Polish cinematographer Piotr Szulkin.

"Green maka" a me ka "Walpurgis Night"

Ma ka hou o ka pomaikai mai o kekahi mau hana o ka mea kākau, e like me Gustav Meyrink, "Green maka" a me ka "Walpurgis Night". I ke kolu o ka puke o ka'Aukekulia impressionist hana hou lawe wahi i loko o Palaka, i ka First World War. "Walpurgis Night" Ua kākau i loko o ka grotesque palapala, ka mea hou i ka hailona o mysticism, esotericism. Kākau hoomaewaewa mai ai ia'Aukekulia burghers a me ke kula.

I ka waenakonu o ka moʻolelo, he mau hui o nā huapalapala. Imperial Life medic me kona haku wahine, he wahine ka mea i haule iho ai iloko ilihune, a me ka mea opiopio mele Ottakar i loko o ke aloha a me ka kaikamahine o ka Countess Záhradky, nona illegitimate ke keiki ia mea.

O ka papa kuhikuhi 'ana i wahi i loko o ka Walpurgis Night, ka wā, e like me ke kaʻao, ole hou pili i ka mau rula, o ka puka ajar ma waena o mākou honua a me ka mea e hiki mai ana. Me keia metaphor Gustav Meyrink, kona Kawaihae ua pili loa ua hoʻopili i ka First World War, oia ka ho'āʻo 'ana e wehewehe i ka weliweli o ke kaua, a me ka hiki ana mai kipi.

Ka culmination - He kaua koko me ina ua iho mai o ka pena o ka manawa o ka Hussite kaua. Hope noiʻi noonoo "Walpurgis Night" like me ka ano o ke aʻoaʻo. I ka mea e pono hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope ma Palaka i wahi nationalistic olelo, harshly repressed imperial kaua.

Ma Rusia, "Walpurgis Night" lilo hanohano hoʻi i loko o nā 20s. He nui na palapala, ai 'haumana i manaoio i Archibald Archibaldovich o Romana Bulgakova "Kumu a me Margarita", ka luna hoʻokele o ka Hawaii Griboyedov hale, mānewanewa mai Mr. Bzdinke, kahu o ka tavern "Green Poloka" mai Meyrink.

novels Meyrink

I ka 1921 Meyrink publishes ka puke "White Dominican" Ua i loaa he ākea ka pomaikai mawaena o ka lehulehu, a ma ka makahiki 1927, kuu ae kona hope nui hana - "Ka anela o ke komohana Window". Ma mua, manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni ia ia coldly, Lūkini unuhi i kaʻikeʻia wale nō i loko o 1992, i ke aloha a hiki i Vladimir Kryukov.

Ka puke i wahi i loko o kekahi mau papa o ka manaʻo. Mua mai Vienna 1920. Ke kikowaena kakou kamailio ana ano - he follower, a me ka mamo o Dzhona Di, maoli-ola Welsh nä känaka 'epekema a me ka alchemist o ka XVI kenekulia. haule kona mau lima mele kūpuna. Lākou heluheluʻana ua punctuated me ka nui hanana ma ka pilikino ola o ka protagonist. A pau i kēia mea symbolic, a hoʻopili like me ka Kawaihae o Dzhona Di.

Ma kēia puke i 'ole e Lūkini moʻokalaleo. Kekahi koa hoʻi i nā huapalapala o Dostoevsky a me Andrew White.

Na hoailona Meyrink kaila

Hiʻona Meyrink kaila maikaʻi Hahai I ma kona mau mea hou loa puke. Ma kona kikowaena alchemical hōʻailona o ka mare laa. Aia mau mau oihana mua - he kane a me ka wahine, ka mea imi i ka e hui pu i loko o ka hookahi pa alima i loko o ka papa kuhikuhi ano. A pau i kēia mea reminiscent o na aʻo o Carl Jung ka psychoanalytical ano o alchemical symbolism. Ma ke huahana makana i loko o ka helu nui o nā kūmole e alchemy, Kabbalah a me tantric aʻo.

ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka make

Gustav Meyrink, a puke i kaulana ai mamao, hala aku ai ma ka makahiki o ka 64 makahiki. Kona make ana ua pili loa ua hoʻopili i ka pōʻino o ke keiki a me Foretunato. Winter 1932 24-makahiki-kahiko keiki i seriously poino ana iaoeo e, a ua loaʻa i loko o ke ola o ka noho huila. Ke kanaka'ōpiopio hiki ole keia e lawe ai, a pepehi ia ia iho. I ka Ia makahiki, i ka wa ia i ho'āʻo i ka hana i kona makua kāne, akā, Meyrink-mua laila hoolaia ma ka pohihihi Mākua.

Mea kākau ola ma hope iho o kana keiki no kahi o 6 mahina. December 4, 1932, make aku la ia koke. Eia kekahi ma ka mea uuku Bavarian kūlanakauhale o Starnberg. He Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia e hiki mai ana i kana keiki. Ma ka lua kupapau Meyrink i keʻokeʻo headstone me ka palapala ma Roma vivo, a 'o ia hoʻi "e ola".

Ma Rusia Meyrink i loihi, ua hookapuia, pakahi aku la ia i ka Soviet'āina. Ma hope iho o ka'opi o ka Soviet Union loa o kana mau hana i ua unuhi i loko o Lūkini, a paʻiʻia.