He aha ka grotesque ma ka moʻokalaleo?

Grotesque ma ka moʻokalaleo akaka no ka manawa mua loa iloko o ka pakebona, a ua typical no ka "carnival" moʻomeheu a me ka hoʻohana 'ana o fanciful e nānā ai, i ike ia mai ka wa kahiko. Mua, i ka'āina hana me ka oihana mua me ka nānā 'ana ma kekahi hui malu pu ana o ke alo o - ka make a me ka hanau ana, a me ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe manaʻo o ka pupuka a me ka maikai. A ma hope nui ka pilialoha grotesque kumu ana i screaming dissonance, a expresses ka lono kaumaha incompatibility o Pahuhopu aku o ka lanakila , a me ka maikaʻi, a me ka hana nona iho necrosis o ke ola, e like me ka ei o kona loa nui hiʻona.

Pinepine grotesque ma ka moʻokalaleo lilo o ka hanana a me ka launaʻole ka maluhia, kū'ē i ke oho maʻamau o aku o ka lanakila a me ka maʻamau o ke ola. I kekahi nui, e kona palena ma fiction, e like me ka mea kākau a me nā haku mele io i ka pono o mythical a me ka fantastic kiʻi, Animated mea ola ', a haawi holoholona kanaka ano o keʻano. Grotesque ma ka moʻokalaleo ike i loko o nā hana o kela Huli i - ma ka poʻe hoʻokalakupua kaʻao, novels, moʻolelo.

Kekahi o ka clearest examples o kēia au i palapalaʻia e Saltykov-Shchedrin ka moʻolelo "Ka Bear ma ka mokuna", ma ke ala o ka holoholona e hele ana i ka "mea e make" i ke kulanui a me ka pai hale, huna clueless bureaucrat. A, me ka mahalo i ole sparkling manao ke kiaaina hoʻohana i ka hopuna'ōlelo "hoʻokomo akula poʻo", ua pili me ka gluttony 'elele aupuni. Na ano pili i ka sensational a Bulgakov ka puke "ka Haku, a Margarita", kahi e hai heluhelu i ka bizarre pu ana o ka maʻamau o Muscovites mysteriously Voland.

Gogol kaʻike hoʻokumu

Natural pili a pili 'o Randy i loko o nā hana i illogical, i mea oi loa aku hoi kekahi' ma Gogol o "ka ihu." No laila, i ka mea kākau moʻolelo hōʻike ana i ka nalowale Kovalev ihu, i kona pakele ana, mai ka "haku" a me kona mau mahope hoʻi i ka inexplicable wahi. Ke kālailai grotesque i loko o ka moʻokalaleo, examples o i mea hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o nā hana o ka mea kākau moʻolelo hiki ke kaʻawale Hoʻokaʻaʻike incompatibleʻike manaʻo a me ka juxtaposition o kiʻekiʻe a me ka haahaa manaʻo pinepine huli puke kātuna leo.

He mea maopopo akaka no ka puka i loko o ka "Old World Landowners", kahi e ua pili i ka ai i loko o ka aoao maoliʻaoʻao o ke ola, a me ka hohonu pono o Aʻoaʻo - me ke kiʻekiʻe kanaka faculties. No ka "Ka Overcoat" Ua wehewehe aku ma ka hana kuʻuna motif o ka hana nona iho, ma kēlā me kēia kanaka ua puʻe wale akula kēlā, e like me na koi ana o na Aupuni. Oia kekahi kulana home 'ole - he integral hapa o ke kiʻi Akaky, a, mamua o kona puke kātuna, o ka pöʻino kanaka.

Creation o Soviet kākau moʻolelo

Na hana o ka moʻokalaleo i kākauʻia e Gogol, i ka hopena ma luna o ka hana ana o kekahi poʻe kākau moʻolelo o 60-70 makahiki o XX kenekulia. Kēia hihiʻo He ano o ka Aina, o Daniela a me Sinyavsky, i pihaʻi me kekahi mauʻano o Gogol ka moʻolelo. Eia hou kekahi, palapala Voinovich ka "chap" ka hooikaika ka mea heluhelu, e loaʻa aneane he pololei quotation olelo ana i ua olelo ia i loko o ka moʻolelo "Ka Overcoat."

Ma muli o ka grotesque poetics, hope kākau moʻolelo, ka poʻe i noho i loko o ka hapalua like-iwakalua kenekulia, kaheaia phantasmagoric,ʻinoʻino, a ku pono ano o ka Soviet kaiapili kauoha. Ma ka 1970s ua he nui nahā i waena o ka 'ōlelo a me ka nohona ideological o ka aoao poe hana a me ka makana i ka mōʻaukala pōʻino, i hiki ole lakou aloha ia akā, i ka hana o ka naʻau kanaka. Grotesque ma ka moʻokalaleo hoʻomano hoʻohana Maramzin V., J. Huberman, Zinoviev, V. Aksenov, Yu Aleshkovsky, Alexander Galich, naʻe, ma muli o ke 'ole-kaʻaeʻana mai o kanaka o ko lakou mau hana Soviet ideological nā mea mahuʻi, i puʻe wale akula kēlā mau kākau e emigrate.