He aha ka inoa inoa pūnaewele

Ho'omaopopo ka nomenclature pūnaewele e kāhea aku i nā'elele o nā'ano like'ole o nā pūnaehana ho'omehana. Ma muli o ka pili'ana i kekahi o nā mea lā'au, aia kekahi mau inoa ma nā inoa, e kūkā'ia. E no'ono'o e pili ana i ka ho'ohana'ana o ka nomenclature pūnaewele i nā hydrocarbons o nā'oko'a like'ole, a me nā pūpū o ka oxygen.

Ka ho'olaha'ana o nā mea kanu

E like me ke kalapona kaulaʻano ana puunaueia ke aloha 'ona i cyclic a me ka acyclic; Ho'opiha a ho'omaha'ole, heterocyclic a me ka carbocyclic. 'O nā hua'ōlelo'ele'ele,'o ia nā mea e hana'ole ai i nā holo i loko o kā lākou papa. 'O nā'ōpona kalapona i loko o ia mau pūhui i ho'onohonoho'ia ma ke'ano, e hana'ia nā kaulahao i ho'opa'a'ole'ia a pololei'ole.

Līkaia paʻa kūhohonu loa hydrocarbons, a i ka hookahi kalapona paa ana, e like me i huiʻia me ka mau (papalua, Triple) paa.

Ka inoa o ka inoa

'O ka nomenclature pūnaewele e pili ana i ka noi o kahi'āpana hana algorithm. 'O ka mālama i nā rula e'ae iā mākou e inoa i nā hydrocarbons hope loa me ka hewa'ole. Inā makemake'oe i kahi'oihana: "E hō'oia i ka hamo waipili i ho'ohālike'ia e like me ka inoa inoa o ka inoa", he mea pono e hō'oia e pili ana i ka papa o nā'āpana. A laila, pono'oe e'ike i ka kaula lō'ihi loa ma ka hale.

I ka helu'ana o nā carbon carbon i ka'ike'ana i ka mamao o nā radical i ka ho'omaka o ke kaulahao, ka helu, a me ka inoa. 'O ka nomenclature pūnaewele ka ho'ohana'ana i nā prefix mua e hō'ike ana i ka heluna o nā kikola like. Hō'ike'ia ko lākou kūlana e nā helu, e ho'oholo i ka nui, a laila kāhea i nā lā'au. I ka hopena hope, e kapa i ka kaula kaula kāina lō'ihi, me ka ho'oku'u'ana i ka suffix -an. Eia kekahi la'ana,'o ka CHB-CH2-CH (CH) -CH2-CH3 e like me ka inoa o ka inoa inoa 3-methylpentane.

Ka inoa inoa o nā'ālani

Ho'onohonoho'ia kēia mau mea e ka nomenclature pūnaewele me ka hō'ailona pono o kahi o ka pālua (lua) ho'opa'a. I loko o ka ho'omehana'eneke, aia kekahi mau hana algorithm e kōkua ana e hā'awi i nā inoa i nā alkenes. 'O ka ho'omaka'ana,'o ka hapa lō'ihi lō'ihi, e like me ka mea ho'opa'a'elua, ua ho'oholo'ia ma ka pae kālemālā i mana'o'ia. 'O ka helu'ana o ke kalapona i loko o ke kaula i lawe'ia mai ka'ao'ao kahi i kokoke loa ai ka pilina i ka ho'omaka. Inā hā'awi'ia ka papahana: "E inoa i nā mea e like me ka nomenclature pūnaewele", pono pono e ho'oholo i ka hiki'ana mai o nā hawewe hydrocarbon i loko o ka hale i mana'o'ia.

Inā lākou ma kahi'ē, kapa lākou i ke kaula pono'ī, me ka ho'oku'i'ana i ka suffix -en, e hō'ike ana i kahi o ka ho'opa'a lua me ka hua. No nā māka'i o nā'ānele i ho'onā'ole'ia, kahi e waiho ai nā mea'elepa, pono e hō'ike i ko lākou kūlana ma nā helu, e ho'onui i ka helu'ana o nā helu mua, a laila e hele i ka inoa o ke kaula'o ka hydrocarbon pono'ī.

E la'a'ana, e kāinoa i ka pūpū o ka papahana penei: CH2 = CH-CH (CH3) -CH2-CH3. A no ka mea, aia he pepa pa'a i loko o ka mole, he radical hydrocarbon, ma kona inoa e like me kēia: 3-methyl-puntene-1.

'O Diene hydrocarbons

'O ka nomenclature o kēia papa o nā hydrocarbons i ho'omaha'ole'ia e hō'ike'ia e kekahi mau mea nui. Ho'ohālikelike'ia nā molekino o ka'āpana alua ma ke kū'ana o nā kaulahao'elua, no laila ke kuhikuhi nei ka inoa i kahi kūlana o kēlā me kēia. Ke hā'awi nei mākou i kahi ho'ohālike o kahi pilina o kēia papa, hā'awi mākou i kona inoa.

CH2 = CH-CH = CH2 (butadiene -1.3).

Inā he mau hō'ailona i loko o ka mole (mau mea kaha), a laila hō'ike nā helu i ko lākou kūlana, helu'ana i nā mana ma ka pū'ulu nui mai ka'ao'ao kokoke i kona kumu. Inā he nui nā mana hydrocarbon i loko o ka mole, di-, tri-, tetra-, a tri-

Ka Hopena

Me ke kōkua o kahi nomenclature pūnaewele, hiki iā'oe ke hā'awi i ka inoa i nā'elele o kekahi papa o nā pū'ona manu. A mau algorithm hana, e kahea aku e leie Eia kekahi laʻana o ka paʻa kūhohonu loa a me ka unsaturated hydrocarbons. No nā'āpana carboxylic, kahi i loa'a ai kahi hui hana carboxyl,'o ka helu'ana o ke kaulahao ma'amau e ho'okō pololei'ia mai ia mea.