He aha ka ka biosphere, a ma ia mea i koe?

Ka manaʻo o "biosphere" Ua dala loa aku nei. Initially ka mea i hoʻohana no ka hea hypothetically make ole ke aloha nā lātoma a nō ke kumu o ke ola. I ole ia i ka manaʻo o ka iwi ola o ka Honua, oia ka'Aukekulia kanaka hulihonua Eduard Suess i ka 1875. He Aloha i loko o kona puke "ke kumu o ka Alpino" wahine i ka ninau o mea ka biosphere. I kona manao, ia mea he kuokoa iwi o ka Honua, a i hanaia ma ka noho ana meaola. Kēia ho'ākāka 'ana ua kākoʻo' ia e na mea he nuiʻepekema - e like wā E. Suess a kākou.

Hope i ka 1926, V. I. Vernadsky complements ka manaʻo. He aha ka ke biosphere e like me na aʻo a VI Vernadsky? A nä känaka 'epekema i loko o kona puke mai nei i ka ili e ola ana o ka Honua e i ole wale i ke kino, akā, i ko lākou' ia., T. E. It complements ka wehewehena o E. Suess biogeochemical ke keʻena. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole i nā kānakaʻepekema kākoʻo i ka nānaina VI Vernadsky. No laila, ma ka manawa, he mau like definition "biosphere": ma Suess (ololi ka naauao) a me Vernadsky (palahalaha ka naauao).

E like me na aʻo o Vernadsky, ka iwi e noho ana ua kākoʻo 'ia e ka ikehu lā ikehu, a i kona palena. biosphere palena e coincide me na palena o ke ola ma ka Honua. Penei, ka luna palena mea ma ka kiʻekiʻena o 15-20 ei (ka holoʻokoʻa troposphere, a malalo stratosphere); lalo nui kai a me ka moana ʻauwaha hohonu ma ka oi o ka 10 km a me ka subsoil honua i ka hohonu o ke 3 ei. Nā hualoaʻa zhiznideyatelnosti meaola i ike i ke ano o ka sedimentary pōhaku, a ma ka mea i oi aku ka hohonu. Ke koe kekahi hapa o ka iwi o ka Honua, ma kahi o ka ola, e like me mawaho wa e no ka iwi ola o ko mākou Honua ka kaiapuni.

Pela ka mea i ka Biosphere ma ka ke kālā no ke aloha, a me ka mea o ia hoʻi, 'aʻole ia nei? Ma muli o ka aʻo o E. Suess a me Vernadsky, haawi i ka hou discoveries, ua hiki ke olelo ia "Life Ball" - mea, "hana" a ua lawe mai ma ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o ke ola (biotic) a me ka 'ole-ola (abiotic) eiiiiiaiou ka hamama thermodynamic' ia o ka Honua. Ke 'ole o kēia kaiaulu nā mea a pau o na meaola a me kā lākou mau koena, o ka lewa, i ka wai, a paa ka honua i ka iwi, a i na kanaka] ma ka meaola a me ka loli ma lalo o ka aoao o ko lākou mau hope.

I mea e malama i ka functioning o keia iwi o ka Honua e i kekahi waiwai e kōkua ia i nei.

Ke kumu waiwai o ka biosphere:

1. Ke kikowaena hapa o ka - ola mea.
2. Openness: ka mea, ua nele i ka ikaika e hele mai ana, mai waho - ka ikehu lā ikehu.
3. Pakiko-hooponopono (homeostasis): ia mea hiki ke hoʻi i kona palapala ana, ka hoʻohana 'ana i kekahi mauʻano papa hana. No ka laʻana, i ka heluna kanaka o ka lepo a me ka meaola revegetation ma hope o ka huaʻi pele paha. Naʻe, i kēia mea,ʻaʻole e mau ana ke ole e hana i ka waiwai no ka mea, o ke kanaka 'uao i ka aoao maoli (ka hanaia agrocenoses,' ole. E. Keʻimi hoʻopunipuni nā kaiaola i nele i ka hiki e loaa ma luna o lākou iho).
4. A nui ka nohona o? Ueony, i hōʻoiaʻiʻo kona kumupaʻa.
5. Ka Paikikala o ka mea.

Summing mai a pane i ka nīnau, i mea ka biosphere, ua hiki ke olelo aku i keia mea he kūikawā, ola iwi o ka Honua, he global kaiaola i loaʻa kona palena, a me kekahi mau waiwai e kōkua ia i nei.