He aha ka ka Ekolu a ma ka kālaimeaola? Kēia pae kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala

Hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha ma ka kālaimeaola - he nunui-ʻanuʻu kaʻina hana o ka heluhelu 'ike mai ka DNA, i mea he constituent o ke kumuʻiʻo biosynthesis i loko o ka halepaahao. Nukeleaʻakika o ka lawe ana o aaiaoe 'ike i loko o ke kino, no laila ia mea nui e decipher ia, a hoolilo i ka' ē aʻe ke kelepona hele nā hale no ka hou e akoakoa nui ana peptides.

Ka manawa "Ekolu a ma ka kālaimeaola"

Kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala mea he kumu nui e pōʻino kaʻina hana i loko o kekahi halepaahao o ke kino. Me ka haku o kaʻakika'amino nā lātoma hiki ole malama maʻamau o ke ola, 'ole. No kēia mau ke aloha i huiʻia ka pae'āina i loko o nā mea a pau metabolic keʻano o ka hanaʻana, e mall eiiiiiaiou o na mea he nui nā'aʻaʻa a me nā loko, a me ka pāʻani i ka na na hoailona, a me ka aiiay kūlana i loko o ke kino.

Ke kaʻina hana, i hoʻomaka me ke kumuʻiʻo biosynthesis, o ka EKOLU. Kālaimeaola iki i hookaawale ai ia i loko o ekolu kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao.

1. Hoʻomaka ai.
2. Elongation (hoonui RNA pae).
3. Hoopau wale.

Hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha ma ka kālaimeaola - mea he iiyoaiiay cascade reactions i ka hopena ma ka DNA UAAIIeIA synthesized RNA nā lātoma. A pela i hanaʻia,ʻaʻole wale nō 'ike ribonucleic nāʻakika, akā, i amo, ribosomal, uuku nukelea a me na mea e ae.

E like me kekahi biochemical kaʻina, Ekolu a hilinaʻi nui ma luna o na mea he nui aʻe. Mua o nā mea a pau, i nā'ūhū i oko ma prokaryotes a me eukaryotes. Kēia hana kūikawā nā polokina kōkua hoʻomaka, a lawe mai EKOLU reactions pololei, i mea nui no ka loaa ana kiʻekiʻe-e like ai kumuʻiʻo auaiaea.

Ekolu a o prokaryotes

Mai trankriptsiya kālaimeaola - o ka hoʻololi kemikala o RNA ma luna o ka DNA EOIeIOUIeXAOOON, i loko o kēia kaʻinaʻano nui'ūhū mea he DNA-e kaukaʻi RNA polymerase. Ma koʻohune, he mea wale kekahi ano o polymerases no a pau nā lātoma o ribonucleicʻakika.

RNA polymerase e like me ka rula o ka complementarity ke hoʻoholo 'ia RNA ili aku ai me ka hoʻohana' UAAIIeIA DNA kaula. Ma o ka haku mele 'ana o kēia'ūhū i mau β-subunits, hoʻokahi α-subunit a me kekahi σ-subunit. Ka mua mau eiiiiiaiou Launch like'ūhū kino ho okumu, a koe elua i ka mea kuleana no ka mālama o ka'ūhū a hiki i ka DNA lātoma a me ka hoʻomaopopo pono o ka mea hoʻopaipai hapa o deoxyribonucleicʻakika, niioaaonoaaiii.

Incidentally, sigma ololi o kekahi o nā kumu ma i ike i ka ua'ōewe. No ka laʻana, Roma palapala σ inideka N 'o ia hoʻi i ka RNA polymerase ke hoʻomaopopo iho i na nā'ōewe e i komo me ka deficiency o ka naikokene i loko o ke kaiapuni.

Traskriptsiya ma eukaryotes

Haʻalele koʻohune, holoholona a me nā mea kanu EKOLU ia lŘlŘ oi huikau. Mua, ma kela a me keia halepaahao he mea ole kekahi akā,ʻekoluʻano o ka RNA polymerases. I waena o lākou:

1. RNA polymerase I. He kuleana no ka EKOLU o ribosomal RNA nā'ōewe (koe wale no ka 5S ribosomal RNA subedinitsv).
2. RNA polymerase II. Kona nuʻukia mea e synthesize i ka maʻamau ike (mua) ribonucleic nāʻakika, a i laila, komo i loko o ka hōʻike.
3. RNA polymerase III. I ka hana o kēia 'ano o ka polymerases mea e synthesize ribonucleicʻakika amo, a me ka 5S-ribosomal RNA.

Ka lua, no ka mea, 'o ka ka mea hoʻopaipai ma eukaryotic keena nedostachno i wale polymerase. Ma ka hoʻomaka o ke EKOLU i kekahi ke komo pū o kūikawā peptides, kapa TF-nā polokina. Wale me ia Via ka RNA polymerase e lawe i ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka DNA hoʻololi kemikala a me ka RNA nā lātoma.

Meaning o Ekolu a

Ke RNA lātoma i ua hanaʻia ma luna o ka DNA EOIeIOUIeXAOOON, a laila pili i na ribosomes kahi e ua heluhelu a me ka 'ike, a me ka synthesized kumuʻiʻo. Ke kaʻina hana o ka ho okumu ana o kaʻakika'amino mea nui no na keena, e like me me kēia mau ke aloha i huiʻia hiki ole e maʻamau ke ola: ka mea, e kuhikuhi i ke kumu no ka loa nui nā'ūhū o biochemical reactions.

Ekolu a ma ka kālaimeaola - ia mea no hoi he kumu o rRNA, a he hapa o ka ribosome, a me ka tRNA, a i 'ole ma ke amo ana o'amino nāʻakika i ka unuhi ana i kēia mau ole-ʻili lahilahi hale. Ka mea, e hoi e synthesized snRNA (uuku nukelea), kona kuleana pili i ninoieo ma splicing o RNA nā lātoma.

ka hopena

hula Translation a me Ekolu a ma ka kālaimeaola heʻano nui kūlana i loko o ka hoʻololi kemikala o ke kumuʻiʻo nā lātoma. Mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana i ka papa kuhikuhiE ke keʻena o ke kikowaena dogma o hakakino kālaimeaola, i hākālia nō i ka DNA'ōpū mai ua synthesized e RNA, a me RNA, ma ka huli, o ke kumu no ka hoomaka ana i ke kahua o ke kumuʻiʻo nā lātoma.

Me Ekolu a ka mea makemake e hiki ole i ka heluhelu ike i ke karaima ma triplets o deoxyribonucleicʻakika. Kēia proves kekahi manawa hou i ka nui o ke kaʻina hana ma ka liluwelo kiʻekiʻe. Kekahi aeea, ina prokaryotic paha eukaryotic, e mau synthesize hou nā lātoma a me ka hou kumuʻiʻo, i mea e pono ai ma ka manawa, e hānai iā ola. Nolaila, Ekolu a ma ka kālaimeaola - o ka papa kuhikuhi kahua i loko o ka hana o kēlā me kēia kanaka aeea i loko o ke kino.