He aha ka ka southernmost'āinapuniʻole i loko o ke ao nei

Inā 'oe e noi aku i ka haneri kanaka: "He aha ka ka southernmost'āinapuniʻole ma ka Honua", pono, auwe, e hiki ke pane ole a pau. E dispel i kekahi mea pohihihi o ka mea e ole i ka pane i keia ninau, he hunāhunā ma koke poe, i ka southernmost'āinapuniʻole o Antarctica. Ua Ua weheʻia ka loa hou o ko ka Honua mau âinapuni.

I ka huli o Antarctica

Ke kahiko geographers a me nā huakaʻi manao i ka hema hemisphere pono e ka'āinapuniʻole nui. I loko nō o kona huli no Australia i ike, a i loihi, ua noʻonoʻo i kekahi hapa o keia'āinapuniʻole. Ma hope,ʻo ia i ike lea i ka mokupuni kokoke Antarctica. Lōʻihi ma mua kona e komo ai i mua nui hypotheses e pili ana i ke ola ana o ka South aina kekahi. E huli ia i hoouna mai i na kaua kiʻi e kaua, a hiki wale huai ae nui mokupuni a puni ka'āinapuniʻole, akā, me ka pelapela a no ka lōʻihi manawa hiki ole i loaʻa. I ke ao i loaʻa New Zealand James Cook i mea ole he wānana pae'āina hema'āinapuniʻole.

Ke southernmost'āinapuniʻole i loko o ka honua wehe i ka Lūkini huakaʻi alakaiia e F. F.Bellinsgauzena January 28, 1820. I 1831-33, i ka 'ōlelo PelekāniaʻImi Loa George. Biscoe holo a puni Antarctica. Ma ka hopena o 19th kenekulia holo ana i Antarctica laila, ma muli o i ka ulu pono o ka'ō koholā. I ka pau ana o ka XIX kenekulia a hiki i ka mokuna o ka pelapela a hau e lana ana nui kāna huakaʻi i: Norewai, Hawaiian a me ka Aaeuaeeneei.

I ka 1898-99 makahiki Borchgrevink malaila i ka hooilo mua i loko o ka hema nā moku'āina '(Cape Adare). I loko o kēia wā,ʻo ia ua hiki ke kālailai i ka ino a me ka Hawaiian wai. He laila, hoʻoholo e neʻe i uka, e makaikai i kona hiʻona.

I ka puka o ka 20th kenekulia

Ma ka 20th kenekulia, ke study o ka coldest kihi o ka Honua hoomauia. I ka 1901-04 ka hele ana i ka hema'āinapuniʻole (Hawaii photo a au hiki maopopo ike ma lalo nei) i e R. Scott. Kona moku "Discovery" Ua hiki mai ai i na kapakai o ka Ross kai. E like me ka hopena o ka huakaʻi Peninsula Edward, a Ross Ice i weheia. Scott ua i hiki ke ohi i ka ikepili ma ka geology, nā minelala hao, flora a? Aaoa o Antarctica.

I 1907-09 makahiki ka EnglishʻImi Loa Shackleton makemake e kiʻi ma luna o ka maa aku ai a hiki i ka South Pole, oaka ae la i ke ala no kekahi o ka mea nui loa hauneneʻe - Beardmore me ka hauneneʻe. Akā, no ka mea, o ka hopena o ka make ana o maa aku ai i na ilio a me ponies ka mea, he e huli hoʻi ma mua e holo ai i ka laau 178 ei.

Ka mua ka mea i hiki ke komo i ka South Pole, ua he Norewai PolarʻImi Loa R. Amundsen (December 1911). Pono ka mahina ma hope i ka North Pole, hiki pae alakaʻiʻia Scott. Eia naʻe, ma ke ala hoʻi, ma mua hiki 18 ei i kā lākou kumu i hoomoanaʻi, i ka huakaʻi me ka piha ikaika make. Ko lakou mau kino, a me diaries loaʻa wale 8 mahina hope.

Nui na makana i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o Antarctica ua i ka'Aukekulelia kanaka hulihonua D. Mawson, kaha palapala ma 200 Leeuwerikplein mea (aina, Princess Elizabeth, Queen Mary, Mac Robertson a me na mea e ae).

I ka 1928, i ka southernmost'āinapuniʻole i loko o ke ao nei ma ka pelane, kipa i ka American PolarʻImi Loa a me ka ke kahu moku, R. Baird. Mai 1928 a hiki i 1947, ma lalo o kona alakaʻiʻana, i lawe mai 4 huakaʻi nui, i kūpono i ka hana ma luna o seismological, 'ā ina a me nā haʻawina. Epekema i loaa i loko o Antarctica e nui hoʻokomo kālā o ka lanahu.

noiʻi wahi

I 40-50 makahiki ma ka icy'āinapuniʻole e hoomaka ana i ka hana i ka noiʻi ku, a me ka waihona ipu no ka Hawaiian Research. I loko o kēia wā ua ma kahi o 60 ma muli wahi e pili ana a hiki i ka 11'āina.

Mai ka hopena o '50s ma na kai e holoi i ka pelapela a,' Imi e mālama nei oceanic hana, lawe mai Geophysical ana ma luna o ka Hawaiian wahi wahi, alakai aku ia i ka huakaʻi i uka. I ka 1959 ka mea i kakauinoa i ka lahui 'aelike ma Antarctica, a i ka pilina a hiki i ka hoʻopaʻa' ana o ka hau'āinapuniʻole. I ka 1965, aole i weheia "Mirny" Soviet pele. I ka loihi o ka 1400 ei mai ke kahakai ka mea, ua hookumuia oia kekahi noiʻi noaioee USSR - "East". "Lazarev", "Novolazarevskaya", "Komsomolskaya" hua 88.3 C, a me ka awelika August mahana i loko o kēia wahi mea hua 71 C. hope Antarctica hema'āinapuniʻole Soviet hoʻolakoʻia kekahi mau wahi i - i ka mooolelo haʻahaʻa wela i kākau i loko o ka wahi o ka ia hoonoho ai i , "Leningrad", "Kamaliʻi." Ano, ma ka coldest laau makahiki hoouna likeʻole kāna huakaʻi.

Ano o ka'āinapuniʻole

Coldest'āinapuniʻole waiho loa ma ka hema aina, ka mea, ua kapaia ka Ant- (mai ka olelo Helene, o "Anati" mea "ku"), i ka mea, ia mea ku ei ka loa'ākau wahi o ka Honua - ka Arctic.

A'āinapuniʻole i na wahi? Ke southernmost'āinapuniʻole mea i loko o ka 48-60 degere Yu.Sh. Kona wahi me ka hau shelves - 13 975 000ʻahā like mika. m. nui oa ?? eoi? me ka Hawaiian pāpaʻu 16.355 sq. m. M. Ka loa'ākau kōkua - Cape Sifre, ia mea nui loa, a ololi, kona, mai ka olelo mai oʻAmelika Hema.

nā moku'āina 'Center ua conventionally kapaia o ka "laau o ke inaccessibility", ka mea, ua noho ma kahi o 660 ei, mai ke kūkulu hema Pole. Ka lōʻihi o ke kapakai -. 30 e Iesu ke Km.

ke ola

E hoʻomau i ka noiʻi i ke anu'āinapuniʻole i hou au mamuli. Ke southernmost'āinapuniʻole Ua maheleia i mau cii: ke kumu a me ka hau. Hinterland o Antarctica noho ma mauʻaʻei plateau e hele mai na outskirts o ka pelapela a ma ka i lalo, a laila, i loko o ka mālie undulating hene. Nui hou paakiki'āina o ka Hawaiian cii: e 'ano' ē mau mea o ka hau pepa me na mawae a me ka nui o ka papu hau shelves ma a oe ke ike i ka hau papale. Antarctica - ia mea,ʻaʻole wale nō ka loa hema'āinapuniʻole o ka honua, akā, i ka lani kiekie loa. Ka awelika kiʻekiʻe o kaʻilikai - 2040 m, i mea aneane ekolu mau manawa oi aku ma mua o kaʻawelike kiʻekiʻe o ka'ē aʻe âinapuni.

Oko ao ma ka 'äina ai ike ia ma ka hikina a me ka Western hapa o ka'āinapuniʻole. East Antarctica - ia ka hau pepa, i ala steeply, mai ke kahakai, a ma uka e lilo papu. Ke kikowaena māhele'āina mea he plateau i hiki 4000 m, ka mea, ua noʻonoʻo i ka hau māhele. I West Antarctica i ekolu glaciation oaio me ke kiekie o 2,5 tausani. Mika. Ma ka mokuna hiki i ka pāpū o ka hau shelves. I ka lani kiekie loa mauna: Kerpatrik (4530 m) a me kanaka kiaʻi (5140 m).

nā minelala hao

Makemake e aʻo 'ike hou aku e pili ana i ka pelapela a? Ke southernmost'āinapuniʻole ka waiwai i loko o hoʻokomo kālā o ka hao ka mea e hoohehee, lanahu, graphite, pōhaku aniani, ke gula, uranium, keleawe, Mika, ke kala. Eia naʻe, e lawe mai hoʻouku ana ka pono no ka mea, o ka mea ikaika hau pepa. Akā, ma kekahi hihia Ant- subsoil ka manaʻolana 'ia i loa kiʻekiʻe.

aniau

Ke aniau Ua anu Polar'āinapuniʻole a me ka Hawaiian. I loko nō o ka mea i ka Polar pō i loko o Antarctica mau no kekahi mau mahina, i ka makahiki huina mahele lāʻau o ka pāhawewe mea kokoke like me ka pāhawewe kiko'î a ma ka Kapikoowāea ciia.

He aha ka ka southernmost'āinapuniʻole, ua loaʻa mākou. Akā, ma muli naʻe o kona wahi i loko o ka hema hemisphere, ka mea iʻaneʻi i ka mea, he anu laau o ka Honua. I ka makahiki 1960, "Vostok" wahi i ku ai i hoʻopaʻa 'wela - 88,3 C. Ka awelika ka hooilo mahana - mai - 60 C e - 70 C, a ma ke kau - mai -30 C i -50 C. Near ka Hawaiian wela loa ala luna 10-12 degere. I ka hooilo ma ka mokuna mea e pili ana i - 8 C. Ka anu ea nā paʻi hua i kia ma ka Central wahi o Antarctica, e pili ana katabatic makani, a mea aku o ka mokuna o ka hiki kiʻekiʻe loa ka māmā holo, pinepine ka mea, e huli i loko o ka makani pāhili. Ke kimu ole ia lŘlŘ kākaʻikahi a wale i loko o ka palapala o ka hau. Humidity - i oi aku mamua o 5%.

Flora a? Aaoa

Ua hoao aku au ia i na makahiki aku nei ma keia'āinapuniʻole ua ole loa hooilo. Ua ua mahana, a me na muliwai, a ic ?? mai i pa ahau. Ano, nae, o ka flora a? Aaoa i loko o kēia māhele 'āina ka loa e lauwili. Kanu o Antarctica - he lichen, uliuli-omaomao līoho a me mosses. Nā holoholonaʻaneʻi i loaʻa eheu nā mea kolo, freshwater iʻa, ano honua kahi mammals. Ma Hawaiian mau mea, aiacayueony penguins, skuas, petrels, a noho i loko o ke kai leopadi sila a me nā wepa.

South America

Inā e manaʻo ana South America - ka hema nā moku'āina ', alaila oe e hewa. Ua Ua Aia i loko o ka Hawaii, a ma ka (Northern hemisphere). Ka'āinapuniʻole Ua pili ia North America ma ka Isthmus o Panama, ma ka hikina ma ka 'Akelanika, a me ke komohana - o ka Pākīpika. Kona wahi - 17,8 milionaʻahā like mika. ei. (Ka ha o ka nui loa'āinapuniʻole). Ua ninoaaeyao 13% o ka aina. Ka lōʻihi o South America, mai ka akau i ka hema - 7350 ei, mai ka hikina a hiki i komohana - ma kahi o 4900 ei.

Ka'āinapuniʻole Ua maheleia i 6 Geographic mau mea:

1. Andes mauna'ōnaehana (holo i ka holoʻokoʻa loa o ke komohana).
2. Palakila a me Guiana Hawaii
3. Pool Orinoco (haʻahaʻa-moe hapa ma waena o ka Guiana plateau a me Venezuelan Andes).
4. Amazon awāwa (kŰlń ao mai na? Uyie aa? O ka Andes a hiki i ka 'Akelanika').
5. Na papu o Paraguay, Bolivia a me Pampa Chaco.
6. Patagonia plateau.

Ka nui a me ka loa populous kulanakauhale ma South America: Santiago, Buenos Aires, Lima, Sao Paulo, Bogota, Rio de Ka Janeiro, Caracas.

i hala iho nei'āinapuniʻole

He aha ka ka hema'āinapuniʻole no ka lōʻihi manawa kaua no ko lakou ku okoa? Ma ka 16th kenekulia, i panalāʻau e ka Spaniards South America. Na Hōlani, ke Pukiki, ka Beritania, ua oi loaʻeleu wale nō i loko o ka hikina ńkau. No ka lōʻihi manawa, i ka liona i ka puu o ka'āinapuniʻole ua he huakaʻi i ke kai mokuna o ka Spanish aupuni a pau. Kū'ē lula mai ka Sepania protectorate hanaia i loko o ke kakahiaka nui 19th kenekulia like me ka hopena o ke kaua koko no ka kūʻokoʻa. Ma ethnically America South mea he Blend o ka Indian heluna kanaka, i ka, lāhui kanaka Sepania'ē aʻe Europa, a me ka North Americans.

Ka hapa nui o na Hawaii e i aia ma luna o ka pelapela a, e wehewehe aku ma ka nawaliwali papa hana. Naʻe, i kekahi o ia i 'ike ma ka ikaika hanalima mana.

Australia

South Mainland Australia mea e pili ana 5% o ka ili o ka honua. Like Antarctica, ia mea loa i loko o ka Hawaiian hemisphere. Ua Ua pinepine kapaia "uliuli'āinapuniʻole". Area nā moku'āina '- 7.659.861 sq. ei. Ua hiki mai ka akau i ka hema - 3700 ei, a mai ka hikina a hiki i komohana - ma kahi o 4000 ei. Ke kapakai - 35 877 ei. Haka mokuna o ka'āinapuniʻoleʻano haoʻa. Ka loa haka wahi - hema a me ka'ākau kahakai.

Australia ua holoiʻia ka Mauna a me ka Pacific Ka Moana, e like me ke kai: Tasman, akoakoa a me Timor. 'Aʻole loa, mai ka pelapela o ka mokupuni o Tasmania, e like me ka mokupuni o New Guinea. Ma ka hikina mokuna mea he kū hoʻokahi Nui ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai Waikiki (i ka lapa o ke hāpāpā a me nā mokupuni, kona lōʻihi o 2300 km). Ma waena o na kapakai o Australia, a me ka ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai Waikiki o ka ai-i kapaia o Big Lagoon, a me ka hohonu o ka 100 m, ka mea, ua pono palekana mai ka moana ale.

nana

Ano, e ka nānā i ke aniau o ka hema âinapuni ', a ma ka mea hiki wale mai o Australia. Ua aneane ekolu-hapaha o kona ?? eoi? Ua noho ma na waonahele, a kalaka nui-nahele no hoi ia. Northern wahi i loko o nā koaʻe ke, ma ka hema-komohana hapa o ke Kaiwaenahonua aniau, a ma ka hema-hikina, a ma ka mokupuni o Tasmania - he lōpū.

He aha e mākou iʻaneʻi ma ka hopena? He aha ka ka southernmost'āinapuniʻole? Ano, e hiki maluhia olelo ana ia mea anu a me ka unapproachable Antarctica. Australia, hoi, ka loa ma ka Hawaiian hemisphere, akā, no ka mamao mai ka'āinapuniʻole a hiki i ka icy'āinapuniʻole mea mau tausani kilomika.