He aha ka ke kumu o physical-Leeuwerikplein ciie. Kuʻe Huli oa ??: manao, kiʻina hana a me nā loina

Ka ili o ko mākou Honua Ua loa heterogeneous. Nā panalāʻau e oko mai kekahi i kekahi i loko o ke kokua, 'ā' ole, ano o ke kanu a me ka lepo uhi. E somehow ka hōʻoi 'ana i ka aoao maoli "chaos", Ua hele mai nei i ka noiʻi me ka ciie. Geographers kila conventionally e puunaue i ka honua ili honua ma luna o ke kāʻei, koa, māhele 'āina a me ka aina.

He aha ka ke kumu o physical-Leeuwerikplein regionalization? He aha nō kona papa kuhikuhiE pahu hopu? Ma ke kumu o ka loina, a ma ka mea epekema ka mea, ua lawe mai? Pane i kēia mau nīnau hiki ke loaʻa i loko o kā mākou 'atikala.

Oa ?? o ke kino ai '-Leeuwerikplein: i ka ho'ākāka' ana a me ka o Mānoa,

Kuʻe Huli oa (abbreviated - GRF) - ua ho'ākāka 'ia mahele kahua lepo. Ua apono 'oe, e ke kahińuli i nā māhele o ka Leeuwerikplein uhi, a oko ma kekahi homogeneity. Ma lalo o kēia uniformity ua kuhikuhi ia mea, e like me ka 'ā ina' ole o ka ?? eoi? Ee, 'äina, aniau, lepo, flora a me? Aaoa.

Eia hoʻi, e like me ka ciie? E leie aku oe i ka unuhi maopopo palena ma waena o kēia mau māhele o ka Leeuwerikplein wahī.

Physiographic oa ?? hoʻoili nuiʻepekema, geographers a me explorers. I waena o lākou: A. Radishchev, HA Chebotarev, AI Voeikov, ls Berg, iluna Semenov-Tyan-Betesana mai, FN Mielke, NA Sun a me ka 'ē aʻe. Ma ka keia kahua o ka? Acaeoey o kekahi ciie? Ano hoohana ae la o hoʻomalu o Moscow State University. Lomonosov.

A manawa pōkole mōʻaukala o ka hooulu ana o ke kino ai 'a me ka Leeuwerikplein regionalization

Ka mua ho'āʻo e ciie? Eou lā hoʻi i ka XVIII kenekulia. Naʻe, ka mea e noho ana me ka 'epekema kumu, a lawe mai ma kekahi kekahi hiʻona. Mau mea na symptoms loa pinepine i ka loa ahuwale mea: politika palena, a me landforms.

Ma ka lua o ka hapalua o ka XIX kenekulia e hoomaka ana e ulu koke kekahi Leeuwerikplein sciences (climatology, lepo epekema, a me kekahi poe e ae.). Ma pili ana me keiaʻoi loa 'ana o ke kūpono hana kūikawā i puhi ai maoli ciie. A iki hope ma ka hana nona iho wahi e kaʻawale a-yeiiiie? Regionalization.

Ua Ua manaoio aku i kaʻimi naʻauao kumu o physical-Leeuwerikplein regionalization hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o nā hana o ka nui Lūkini nä känaka' epekema Vasily Dokuchaev ma ka pau 'ana o ke kenekulia XIX. Hope ka manaʻo i lalau aku la ia ma kona ulu o ls Berg a me GI Tanfiliev. I ka hoʻomaka o ka hope kenekulia ma ka physical-Leeuwerikplein regionalization ka hoʻomaka 'ana e kamailio seriously a me ka haole geographers (e like me, American, Pelekāne a me ka Kelemāniaʻepekema).

Ma kēia pukana o Soviet 'epekema hoomaka ae la e seriously e lohe hoʻi i loko o nā 20s. A mua i loko o 1940 ka mea i hana i nā wale nō mua o physical-Leeuwerikplein ciie? O ka USSR.

Me mākou keʻike, ma kēia pukana o ka hana ana i na mea he nui manaʻo o Rusia a me nā'āina. He aha ka ke kumu o physical-Leeuwerikplein regionalization? E ka ho'āʻo e pane i kēia nīnau.

He aha ka ke kumu o physical-Leeuwerikplein regionalization?

GRF - mea ole wale ke kaʻina hana o ka mahele ana i ka ?? eoi? ( 'Ole ka wai) i loko o ka wahi, akā, i ko lakou piha study, i ka loaʻa o ka makaukau o ka piha ke keʻena-akamai a me ka luna' ano. Akā, he aha ka ke kumu o physical-Leeuwerikplein regionalization? Ke pane i keia ninau Ua maopopo a me ka poe noonoo ole.

Ke physical kumu o ka regionalization o ka inhomogeneity o ke kanaka eiiiiiaiou Geographic iwi. I ua mau eiiiiiaiou e e komo pu:

• 'ā ina' ole;
• ke ola;
• climatic hiʻona;
• lepo aloha;
• kanu;
• a me ka? aaoa.

It E e kaulana i loa laekahi geographers ike i ke ola ana maoli o kekahi maoli kulekele. Naʻe, mau na palena ma waena o ia mea i akaka a me ka unambiguous. Ma waena o pili kino a me ka Leeuwerikplein wahi i IeAUPIIe, IAa IO nei kekahi hoʻololi cii loko i ka nānā mau 'ano o nā pili wahi (no ka laʻana, ulu i kekahi hoʻololi ciia ma waena o nahele a me ka hehi panina).

I ka papa kuhikuhiE Nä Pahuhopu a me nā loina o GRF

Kēiaʻano o ka poʻe hahai iā ciie? Keʻano o nā pahu hopu, e like maemae noiʻi a noi noiʻi. Akā, i ka papa kuhikuhiE manao o ke kino ai '-Leeuwerikplein ciie? Mea kupono a me ka hoike-ma muli māhele differentiation o Leeuwerikplein wahī o ka Honua.

Hua GRF 'Imi hoʻohana' ia e na mea he nui na hana a me ka mau o kanaka aayoaeuiinoe: mahiʻai, eanie?, Hoʻokiwikā hoʻolālā, 'inikua hana kemika, ano ka hoomaluia mai, a me na mea e ae.

Ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻokaʻawale 'Leeuwerikplein mau mea i loko o ka haawi ?? eoi? Ia lŘlŘ no ka mea, o ka mea mau kumu, a ma luna o ke kumu o kekahi mau regularities. He na kēia (walaʻauʻana) nā loina o physical-Leeuwerikplein regionalization:

• objectivity;
• ia kenekoa ano hoopono;
• oa ?? a me ka azonal;
• uniformity eiiieaena eiiiiiaiou;
• ka comparability o ka hopena o ka ciie.

Paha ka mea nui o kēia mau mea i ka rula o ka objectivity. Mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka Pahuhopu ola ana o maoli eiiieaenu like ia. E like me ia, a me ka pili no hoi i aneane pau geographers a me landshaftovedy (koe DL Armand). No emi nui ma ka ciie? A me ka loina o ia kenekoa ano hoopono. , Ae waiho nei ma ka mea i hiki ole loaʻa i nā huahelu o keia ciie? Kaawale, a geographically hakina'āina.

ano o GRF

Kuʻe Huli oa ?? i e okoa. Inā ka mea, AIM e kahińuli na mau mea i loko o kekahi o na hoailona (panorama eiiiiiaiou) wale, ka mea e manaoia i wahi uku (a hana). No ka laʻana, ka mea, i ia aina a me climatic ciie? O ka ?? eoi?.

Inā ka pahuhopu mea i GRF kālailai loa a pau'āina (aniau, 'äina, lepo, etc.) eiiiiiaiou, a laila ia e e kapaia hulina (a me ka panorama).

Eia hou, ma kona ano maoli ciie? Hiki e:

• zonal;
• azonal.

Ma muli o kēia Mea Maluna, hōʻike okoa taxonomic naehana GRF.

Nā Papahana O Ka physical regionalization

Ma a me ka nui, ma laila nō nā kumu o ke ala a hiki i GRF: ka regionalization o ka "luna" ciie? A "mai lalo nei". Ua o kēia mau kiʻina hana i hoʻomano hoʻohana ma ka panorama, a hoʻokō kēlā me kēia 'ē aʻe hoʻi mai kēlā wahi.

"Aia ma lalo" maoli ciie? Ia lŘlŘ like penei. Ma keʻano o ka hoʻohui 'ia o ka poe liilii, ma kona ano maoli eiiieaenu i anao? Aou nui a oi luna' ia kenekoa eiiieaenu. Ua hoʻohana He nui-ka unahiʻole, panorama palapala. I ka oa ?? "mai luna" a pau ka hana i Hope versa. Initially anao? Aou nui maoli wahi, a laila, ma ke kālailai i ka ai iiiaanoaa o kumuhana palapala, ka mea, e "wāwahi i" i uuku maoli eiiieaenu.

Ke kino a me ka Leeuwerikplein regionalization ua noi ia, a me ka helu o ka panina iao? Kāu kiʻina hana a me nā 'ana i kūpono. I waena o lākou:

• cartography;
• aerospace;
• geochemistry;
• paleogeographical;
• makemakika;
• kamepiula hōʻulu ki ina hana like.

Taxonomic naehana GRF

Zonal maoli ciie? E hōʻike ana i nā kēia taxonomic huahelu:

• Leeuwerikplein ciia;
• wahi;
• subzones.

Ma azonal oa ?? hoʻoholo e līkaia no:

• physical Tilly o ka aina;
• wahi;
• i ka'āina;
• mau mea;
• apana;
• podurochischa;
• facies.

Na huahelu o ka nā kulanui o ia kenekoa differentiation i: Leeuwerikplein uhi a me ka 'âinapuni. Akā, me ka walaʻauʻana huahelu o GRF, noonoo iho la facies a me ka'āpana.

Facies o ka marginal pa alima o GRF

Kali ( 'o ia hoʻi, haʻahaʻa a me ka indivisible) pa alima i loko o ka luna kiʻekiʻe o Geographic nenoai noʻonoʻo facies. He aha ka mea?

Kēlā me kēia no oe pono i ike i loko o kona ola mahi mahinaʻai, a me ka birch ulu i loko o ka waena o lush'ōmaʻomaʻo kula. Kēia mau 'ikamu pono i Kuhina Nui examples o facies.

Ka manawa "facies" i Roma aa, a hele mai, mai ka hua'ōlelo facies - "maka", "kiʻi", "maka". Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia ma botanists, kanaka hulihonua a me biogeography. Ka loaʻana ka wehewehena o keia makahiki i haawiia mai Soviet nä känaka 'epekema D. Nalivkin. E like me ia ia ia, facies - he apana o ka honua i ka ili honua, a ua wehewehe aku ma ka ia maoli keia, flora a me? Aaoa. Ma na olelo e ae, ia mea haʻahaʻa a me kaʻaʻahu? Aneie eiiieaenu.

Facies mau ke aupuni 'i loko o kekahi biocenosis, a ua wehewehe aku ma ka hookahi makua mea,ʻo ia aniau, wai? Eia a me ka lepo uhi. Mai ka viewpoint geosystem luna kiʻekiʻe, ka mea o ka papa kuhikuhiE mall hapa a stows podurochisch.

Aia i ekolu papa kuhikuhi hoailona ia mea o nā facies:

1. Hawaiian.
2. Hawaii.
3. Transient (Hawaiian ihu, a aaeuoa, etc.).

ka hopena

Ano, e ike i ke kumu o ka physical-Leeuwerikplein ciie? O ka heterogeneity o na eiiiiiaiou kanaka o ka Leeuwerikplein aloha: aniau, 'äina, flora,? Aaoa a me ka lepo. Kēia kaʻina hana ua ka nānā 'ana ma luna o elima ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu: objectivity, homogeneity, ia kenekoa ano hoopono, ciie? (A azonal) a me ka ciie? Comparability o nā hualoaʻa.

GRF hiki e okoa: ka zonal a me ka azonal, hulina a me ka hana. Kuʻe Huli ciie? I hookaawale ai i ka honua i ka ili honua ma luna o hipuu, cii a me subzones, ma kona ano maoli aupuni, wahi,'āina a pau, a me nā facies apana.