He aha ka radon? An hehee ai o ka 18th pae o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika papaʻaina o Nine Inch hehee wale D. I. Mendeleeva

Ma ka malamalama o ka kokololio? Acaeoey o ka 'epekema a me ka' ike loea kilo kaua nō i hōʻike 'ana i ka nele o ka propaganda pāhawewe kou niho i waena o ka heluna kanaka. Poe akamai i wńnana i loko o ka aʻeʻumi makahiki "radiological naaupo" hiki i kekahi maoli maluhia hoʻoweliweli 'ana i ke kaiāulu, a me ka Honua.

Ka NU YOKA kai

I XVΙ kenekuliaʻEulopa kauka hoʻihoʻi hou abnormally kiʻekiʻe make nei o ke akemāmā maʻi iwaena o koʻu poe hana, ka hana hao, kumu i eliiaʻi a me ke kala. Pohihihi maʻi i kapa ia "kiʻekiʻena maʻi", pa a ke ku miners he kanalima manawa hou ma mua o ka awelika ke kanaka i loko o ke alanui. Wale i ka hoʻomaka o ka XX ke kenekulia, ma hope o ka loaʻa o ka radon, ka mea, ua ike i ke kumu o ka stimulation o? Acaeoey o ke akemāmā Ka maʻi 'aʻai miners Germany, a me ka Lepupalika Czech.

He aha ka radon? Wale ina mea i ka hopena maikaʻi ia ma luna o ke kanaka kino? E pane i kēia mau nīnau, mākou e hoole i ka mōʻaukala o ka loaʻa a me ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i kēia pohihihi hehee ai.

Emanation - o ia hoʻi, "pau"

Radon ua manaoia he paionia o ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia physicist Ernest Rutherford. Ia i ka 1899 makahiki ua akaka no i ka mea haʻilula keimikala ka nānā 'ana ma luna o kaumaha thorium koe α-(particles) hoʻokuʻu akula i ka colorless kinoea, i hiki aku ai i mahuahua? Aneie radioactivity. Ke kanaka noiʻi wehewehe i ka hoʻopiʻi emanation o thorium mea (ma ka emanation (lat) -. Pau) a ia i ka holo palapala inoa Em. Similar emanation wehewehe aku me radium. Ma ka hihia mua, e kī ana i ke kinoea i kapaia o thoron, i loko o ka lua - radon.

I ka wā e hiki mai, ua hiki ke hooiaio i na kinoea i radionuclides o ka hou hehee ai mākou. Kahińuli ia i loko o kona gula maikai ano no ka manawa mua kauoha aku i ka Hawaiian chemist, Nobel laureate (1904) William Ramsay (me Vitlou Hinahina) i ka makahiki 1908. Ma hope o nā makahikiʻelima i loko o ka hehee ai hope loa o ka inoa apo la radon a me nā hōʻailona RN.

He aha ka radon?

Ma ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika papaʻaina o Nine Inch hehee wale D. I. Mendeleeva radon o ka 18th pūʻulu. Ua loaʻa he'ātoma helu Z = 86.

A pau na isotopes o radon (oi ma mua o 35, me ka nuipa a nui mai ka 195 a hiki i 230) e radioactive, a ho i ka pilikia i kānaka. Ma ke ano maoli, he mau ehaʻano o nā'ātoma o ka hehee ai. i kekahi hapa o ka mea maoli radioactive puke actinouranium, thorium a me ka uranium a pau o ia mau mea - radium. Kekahi isotopes i ko lakou mau inoa, a ma luna o ka mōʻaukala i waha, ua kapaia emanations:

• actinium - actinon ²¹⁹ RN;
• thorium - ²²⁰ thoron RN;
• radium - radon ²²² RN.

Hope wehewehe aku ma na lani kiekie loa kumupaʻa. Ka hapa-ola o ka radon ²²² RN - 91,2 hola (3.82 lā). Ma napoo moku'āina koe isotopes ua anaia mai ka manawa i loko o kekona, a milliseconds. Ma ka hoʻopöʻino 'ia me ka ea puka o ka α-(particles) ua hana isotopes o polonium. Ma ke ala, i loko o ka study o radonʻepekema mua pilikia? Ueo lehulehu o nā'ātoma o ka hookahi hehee ai i kapaʻia isotopes a a laila (mai ka olelo Helene, no ka "like", "oia").

Helu a me ka Nine Inch waiwai

Ma lalo o maʻamau rula, radon - kinoea mea colorless a me ka odorless, Mea i mua ona wale hiki ke nānā 'ia e kuikawa manaʻo. Nuʻa - 9,81 g. / Ho'āo ai. Ua ka heaviest (ea mea māmā ma mua o 7,5 manawa), ka rarest a loa pipiʻi o nā mea a pau i ike Honua kinoea.

He wailana i loko o ka wai (460 ml / k), akā, radon solubility mea nui kiʻekiʻe i loko o ke aloha i huiʻia. Ka mea, i ka hopena o ka fluorescence, kena ae la ia e kiʻekiʻe maoli radioactivity. No ka gaseous a me ka wai a me ka moku'āina (ma ka wela ma lalo -62˚S) ano uliuli luminescence, mea pōaka (ma lalo -71˚S) - yellow pahaʻalani-ʻulaʻula.

Nine characterization o ka radon aie i kona pili ana i ka pae ana o inert ( "hanohano") kinoea. He ua wehewehe aku ma ka Nine Inch naoh me ka oxygen, fluorine a me kekahi o ka mea'ē aʻe halogens.

Ma ka kekahi lima, i ka lolelua ka Kora naʻEsau hehee ai o ke kumu o ke kiʻekiʻe ikehu (particles) impacting ma na mea he nui 'ona. D. waiū e radon hiki aku ai i ka i hookohu aku i ke aniani a me ka porcelain, decomposes ka wai i loko o oxygen, hydrogen a me ka'okikene kolu pepehi paraffin a me ka Vaseline, a no laila, ma luna o.

Kaniak radon

E kaʻawale ka radon kālaiōewe skip no lawa ka waiwai i loaʻa ka radium i loko o kekahi palapala a me kekahi, i ka lewa kahawai. Na ke kinoea make i loko o ka mokulele hēkī e e loli ka nui physical aʻe (ona mau, ana wela), ka mea pōaka 'ole o ka mea, haku mele' ana, porosity, uniformity, a ua hiki ke ĸokoĸa ana nä pane mai ka mea uuku hapa iki mai i 100%. Nō kāu kākoʻo pāʻoihana i hoʻohana radium koloriside a bromide ma hydrochloricʻakika. Paa porous waiwai i hoʻohana nui emi pinepine, eia nae radon ua hookuu ia i ka mea ia manawa wahine holoi.

Ke kūpono kinoea läÿau, ua huikalaʻia e ka wai uahi, oxygen a me ka hydrogen, ma ka hele ia ma ka wela keleawe maka aha. Ke koena (1/25000 o ka palapala ka leo) Ua Punk wai a ea a me impurities i wehe 'ia mai ke condensate naikokene, helium, a me ka hanohano kinoea.

E hoailona oukou: nā mea a pau ma luna o ka honua no ka makahiki hua wale he mau kakini cubic kenimika o ka Nine Inch hehee ai radon.

Haawi aku i ke ano maoli

Ke nuclei o radium, i mea he fission huahana o ka radon i ka huli i hanaʻia ma ka hoʻopöʻino 'ia o ka uranium. Penei, i ke kumu nui o ke kumu radon - soils a me nā minelala hao i loaʻa ka uranium a me ka thorium. I ka lani kiekie loa lehulehu o kēia mau kumu ma igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic pōhaku, shales mafic. Radon kinoea ma muli o kā lākou i ka 'oni' hoopuni koe ke aniani puka olu oia i nā minelala hao a me voids a me na mawae ma ka honua i ka pńpa ua hikiwawe kīkoʻo i nui mamao e ku mai i loko o ka lewa.

Eia hou kekahi, groundwater mizhplastovi ka wai e holoi i ua ole hoopuni paʻa kūhohonu loa radon. Radon ka wai a me kona ho'ākāka waiwai i hoʻohana loa ma mua o ka loaʻa o ka hehee ai ma ka ke kanaka.

Hoa pahaʻenemi?

I loko nō o nā tausani o ka iao? A me ka mahaloia 'atikala i kākau e pili ana i keia radioactive kinoea, alodio pane i ka nīnau: "He aha ka radon a me ka mea kona mea no ka manaʻo kanaka?" He paʻakikī. Ma mua o kēia noiʻi mea ma ka liʻiliʻi mau pilikia. I ka mua o ia i loko o ka mahinaʻai o radon pāhawewe i ola mea ia mea o nā palapala a me ka maikaʻi kēia hehee ai. Ka lua - ka nele o ka ike loea i hoʻopaʻa 'ia a me ka mālamaʻana mea. Currently na radon detectors i loko o ka lewa, i ka loa ke kālā a me ka 'ikepili koʻikoʻi, ka wā hai ana ke paka i nā hualoaʻa e oko ma kekahi mau manawa.

Pono, radon!

I ka papa kuhikuhiE mahele lāʻau o ka pāhawewe (ma 70%) i loko o ke ola ana o ke kanaka i loaʻa ma ke kaʻina hana o ka maoli radionuclides, a me e alakai ana ia kulana no i ka colorless kinoea radon. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka Leeuwerikplein wahi o ka noho 'ole, kona "hoʻokomo o" hiki e mai ka 30 a hiki i 60%. A ikaika aku ka nui o ka poe isotopes mea hehee ai i loko o ka lewa ua mālama 'ana inflow o ka honua me ka ho okumu. Radon i ka meaʻawaʻawa loa waiwai e loaa ma ka noho a me ka lehulehu hale, kahi a kona lehulehu e mahuahua ma na umi a me nā haneri o ka manawa. No kanaka ola ana ia i mea no ka nui loa o ka radioactive kinoea i kū'ē isotopes o polonium Po ²¹⁴ a me Po ^218, mai kona disintegration. Ka mea, i paa paa i loko o ke kino, i alakaʻi ai detrimental maloko α-pāhawewe ma'aʻaʻa.

Ma waho aʻeo ia asthmatic ho'āhewa wale o ka breathlessness a me depressive moku'āina, pōniuniu a me migraines, ia mea fraught me ka hooulu ana o ka akemāmā Ka maʻi 'aʻai. Ke kamepiula pūʻulu nā hana ma uranium mines a me ka mea e hoohehee ai-ua kahikoia a nani mea kanu, volcanologists, radonoterapevty heluna keakea wahi me ka kiʻekiʻe radon nā mea loaʻa i loko o ka honua i ka pńpa a me ka artesian ka wai, radon Spa. E kuhikuhi i na wahi hoike no ka radon kamepiula palapala hoʻohana 'ā ina a me ka pāhawewe-hygienic ki ina hana like.

E hoailona oukou: ka mea, ua manaoio ia waiū e radon ua hoʻonāukiuki mai ka make mai akemāmā Ka maʻi 'aʻai i ka 1916, o ka Hawaiian kanaka noiʻi William Ramsay keia hehee ai.

maluhia ki ina hana like

Ma ka hopeʻumi makahiki, e hahai ana i ke kumu hoohalike o Western hoalauna pono antiradon hanana hoomaka e hohola iho la i loko o ka'āina o ka mua Moscow. Aia he rula (SanPiN 2.6.1., Ka ami, aa aku 2.6.1.) Me ike koi e hōʻoia 'pāhawewe kūlana palekana o ka heluna kanaka.

Ke kumu nui ana o ka aina kinoea hoomaluia, a kūlohelohe kumu o ka pāhawewe nā:

• I hoʻokū pono ia i ka ipu lepo lola honua laau palaoa monolithic pōhaku puna slab me ka macadam kumu a me ka ike loea waterproofing.
• E hoomanao e hoʻokāʻoi hoʻokomo ea hale ilalo a me ka hale ilalo makahiki, hoʻokomo ea o? Eeuo hale.
• Ka wai e kahe ana i loko o ka lumi kuke a me ka make up, pono e koiia mai ai i ka kūikawā Kānana, a me na wahi maikai loa lakou ia lakou iho i kona kūlana me ka puʻe wale akula kēlā manaʻo a no ka maluhiluhi.

Radiomeditsina

He aha ka radon, ko kākou mau kūpuna iʻike, akā nō nani hoʻoholo lio o Genghis Khan hoola iho la ia i ko lakou mau eha wai kumu Belokurikha (Hawaiian), paʻa kūhohonu loa me keia kinoea. Ka mea i microdozes radon loaʻa he maikaʻi ia ma luna o kanaka nui nā loko, a me ka Central ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu. Waiū e radon wai ka mämä holo i pūnao, hiki i ka poino nā'aʻaʻa ola anei wikiwiki, maʻamau papa naʻau a me ke koko holo, Hoʻoikaika i ka ipu koko.

I nā hokele mauna wahi o ka Caucasus (Essentuki, Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk), Austria (Gastein), Czech Repubalika (Jachymov, Karlovy oko a), Germany (Baden-Baden), Japan (misasa) Ua loihi keia manawa, i kekahi luawai-hewaʻiʻo kona kaulana a me ka hiʻona. Hoikehonua, lapaau koe radon bato kaumaha ana i lapaau i loko o ka palapala o ka iieeaa, inhalation, ma lalo o ka ikaika nā limahana o ka hoʻomalu kūpono.

I ka hana o ka manaʻo kanaka

Laulā o radon kinoea ua i kaupalena 'ia hoʻokahi wale nō lapaau. I ka hiki ana o isotopes o ka hehee ai o adsorption ua hoʻomano ia i mea no ke ana ana i ka degere o ka nonuniformity o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia surfaces a me ka meaʻai. Ma ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ke kila a me ka aniani radon lawelawe 'ana i ka pāʻana pele o keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Me ka mea, ua lawe na mea o ke ea paha, a Nine Inch hoʻomalu no ka liu i.

Ma geophysics, geology a me na ano o ka huli a me ka loaʻa o ka mea pōhaku hoʻokomo kālā a me radioactive i eliia ma muli ma ka hoʻohana 'ana o radon ana manaʻo. E like me ka lehulehu o isotopes o radon i loko o ka lepo hiki e hookolokoloiaʻi e au, ma ka permeability a me ka pa apŘ o ka pōhaku me ka ho okumu. Radon ka mālamaʻana i ke kulana oi ana i olelo mai ai i ka hua'ōlelo o ka luaÿi wā e hiki mai ana no na olai.

Ua Ua manaolana ia ka hopena maikaʻi 'ole o ka radon manaʻo kanaka nō Makuakane, a me ka radioactive hehee ai, e lawe mai i ke ao nei ka heluna kanaka pomaikai wale.