He aha ke kila maika'i loa no ka pahi? Nā'ano o ke kila no nā pahi

Ke nānā aku nei mākou i kēlā me kēia'ano o nā waiwai a me nā hi'ohi'ona i kūpono no nā kūlana kūikawā. Mahalo i ka pilikino o nā mea hana hana kila, ua hui pū ka hua ho'opau i nā'ano maika'i a maika'i loa. Akā na'e,'a'ole e hiki ke ho'okō i nā'ano maika'i loa ma nā'ao'ao a pau, no laila, e mōhai'oe i kekahi mea. 'O ka la'ana,'a'ole koi ka hao i ka hao no ka lō'ihi, akā,'a'ole e pa'akikī ke ho'oikaika i kēlā'ano. Hiki i nā mea'oi aku ke ko'iko'i i nā'āpana. I kēlā mau kumu i ka manawa o ka'ilika he papa hana pa'a ko'iko'i, hana ka hana a me ka hana'ana i mea hana'ole a, no laila, ua ho'onui ka uku o ka hua i ho'opau'ia. No laila, o ke kila no ka hana'ana o nā pahi, e hālāwai ana me kekahi mau kiko'ī kūikawā, e lilo i'oi aku ka maika'i ma ka hana'ana.

Hana

Mai nā mea e ho'ohana'ia i ka hana'ana i kekahi huahana, e hilina'i ia i ka manawa e lilo ai i mea maika'i'ole, pehea ka pa'akikī o ka'ōnihini'ana, pehea e kū'ē ai'o ia i ke ku'i'ana a me ka ma'alahi hiki ke wāwahi. Ma'ane'i,'a'ole nā mea a pau e pili ana i ke kila o ke kila no nā pahi. 'O nā'ano e like me ka palupalu, ka hiki ke kūlou, i ka palaka a me ka ha'iha'i e hiki nō ho'i ke ho'opili i ka lā'au wela. Ua hō'oia'i'o'ia kēia mea e ka mea i hana'ia e nā mea hana i ho'okumu i nā pahi maika'i ki'eki'e ma ka ho'ohana'ana i ka 420 inoa. Eia kekahi mau mea:

• Victorinox (Switzerland);
• Wenger (Switzerland);
• Tramontina (Brazil);
• Magnum (Germany);
• Beker (Kelemānia);
• Fortuna (Austria);
• SOG (USA);
• Buck (USA);
• 'O nā mea hana China. Nui loa ka nui o lākou i kēia mau lā, no laila'a'ole mākou e helu i nā mea a pau.

Ke kūkulu nei nā mea hana a pau i kā lākou mau pono pono'ī no ka hana'ana a me ka hana'ana i ke kila, a me ka ho'omaika'i i nā mea i loa'a iā lākou.

He kuhihewa ka mana'o'ana o ka maka, he'oi aku ka'oi o ka'oi aku ka maika'i. He'oi aku ka nui o ka ho'olohe'ana i ke kū'ē'ana i ka'a'ahu, ma ka ho'ohālike'ana i ke kila kila no nā pahi. 'O nā'ano, e like me ke kāohi'ana o ke kā'ei, pili pono i ka nui o carbon i loko o ka mea. Ma ka hapanui o maʻamau kalapona kila i kā mākou paakiki ka wā o ka kalapona maloko 0,7 pakeneka malama. Inā'oe e ho'onui i kēia pakeneka ma ka hana'ana, hiki iā'oe ke ho'oikaika i ka kū'ē'ana i ka'a'ahu.

Nā ala e ho'omaika'i ai i ka maika'i o nā waiwai

Ma nā'ike a me nā'ike'epekema, loa'a nā metallurgists i nā alloys e kūpono ana i nā koi o ka mākeke. Eia kekahi la'ana, no ka ho'onui'ana i ka lō'ihi o ke kumuhana no ka ho'ohana'ana i nā mea additive:

• 'O Chromium;
• Nickel;
• 'O Manganese;
• Silicon;
• 'O Vanadium;
• Molybdenum;
• Ho'omākaukau.

Ma muli o ka ho'okomo'ia'ana o nā mea li'ili'i he nui,'oi aku ka lō'ihi o ke kila a me ka pale-kūpa'a ma mua o ka carbon carbon. Eia na'e, pono e ho'omaopopo'ia,'o ka ho'okomo'ia'ana o nā mea i ho'opuka'ia ma luna nei, he ma'alahi ia a hiki i kahi helu. Inā pi'i mua ka paepae ho'ona'auao,'oi aku ke kaumaha o ke kila i kona mau mea ikaika.

'O ke kumu hou'oi a'e he molybdenum. 'O ka ho'ohele'ana i ke kila e ho'ohana ana i kēia māhele e hiki ai ke ho'onui i ka ikaika a me ka viscosity i ka manawa ho'okahi. 'O kahi hi'ohi'ona maika'i loa o kēia hiki ke ho'ohana'ia he'ano hilina'i Iapana kaulana, i'ike'ia no ko lākou'ano. 'O ka mea molybdenum i loko o ia mau mea e hiki i ka'ewalu pakeneka.

'O Vanadium, chrome, ka tungsten e ho'oikaika i nā'ano o ka ikaika, akā i ka manawa ho'okahi e ho'omāmā i ke kila. Ho'opili'ia me ka chromium (ma kahi o 13 pakeneka) hiki i ka mea ke kū'ē i ka'ino'ino me ka ho'onui'ana i nā'āpana'oki. He mea pono e ho'omaopopo i ka pono o ia mau mea e pono ai e hana i ka hakakā i ka pale'ana.

Inā 'oe e hoala i ka ninau e pili ana i ka mea o ka maikaʻi kila no ka maka, ka mea hiki e manao ia ka kuhiliʻole kila papa 440C - ka maikaʻi loa koho. Aia i loko o kona mau waiwai ka hiki ke ho'omanawanui no ka manawa lō'ihi. 'O kēia'ano, he emi iho ia ma ke'ano o ke kūpa'a a me ka laulima o ke'ano,'o ia'ano pilina e like me 154 CM mīkini no nā pahi. Hiki ke mālama'ia ka ho'ohālikelike me nā'ano like me AT S-34, BG-42. 'A'ole i loko o kā lākou hana ka nui o ka chromium, akā, aia i ka 4% ka molybdenum. 'O ka'ili no ka hana'ana i nā pahi o kēia mau mea e kāhea'ia ana he ball e halihali ana i ka'ōpū. Ua hā'awi'ia kēia inoa i kēia mau pona no ka mea ua mahalo nui'ia lākou e nā waiwai waiwai ma nā mea'ē a'e.

Nā papa kila no nā pahi: huahana hua

'O kahi pahi kahi i ho'ohana'ia e ka po'e maluhia loa i kēlā me kēia lā. 'O kekahi o nā hana kahiko o nā kānaka ma o ka mānoanoa o nā kenekulia i hiki mai i ka 21st century,'a'ole i loli iki i ka'ano. Akā ua hana nui nā alloys. E no'ono'o i nā papa'oihana kila a me nā'ano i hiki ke ho'omaopopo i ka'ōpili'oi loa no ka pahi.

Mark 40X13

E no'ono'o nui kākou. Inā koho'oe i nā hi'ohi'ona ma'amau o nā kī'ahi kī'aha hale a me kahi hana e nānā ai i ke'ano o ke'ano o ke kila e ho'ohana'ia no nā pahi, e ho'omaopopo'ia ana ke'ano o kēia'ano 40X13. He mea nui no ka ho'ohana'ana i ka umauma no ka mea'a'ohe'ōhū a ho'onui'ia. 'O nā mea i ho'olālā'ia ma luna nei'o ia ka mea'ē a'e. 'A'ole ka pōhaku no ka pahi kīhini kāna kumu wale nō. Hana'ia nā Scalpels (me nā mea hana'ē a'e) i "ke kila lapa'au", a he inoa kaulana kēia.

Mark 65H13

'O 425. kahi o nā haole'ē a'e.'O kēia kila he mea maika'i ka hapalua o nā pahi Lūkini. 'A'ohe mea hiki'ole ke hana'ia nā hua i hana'ia. A ho'omaika'i aku nei i ka'oia'i'o o nā pahi mai kēia kila mai ke kūpikipiki pa'akikī. Ua ana'ia ko lākou ola lawelawe i nā makahiki.

Mark 50mp14M

Ke ulu nei ka ma'alahi i ka hana'ia'ana o nā'oki'oki. 'O nā'ano o nā kohu no nā pahi o kēia mana e kokoke ana i nā palena o ka'ēheka mua, akā, loa'a iā lākou kekahi mau hanana hou. Ho'ohana pinepine'ia no ka hana'ana i nā mea olakino a me nā pahi'oihana no nā hana hale, a me nā'oihana hana'oihana, a me nā pahi pahi. Inā hana'oe i ka lā'au wela kūpono o kēia kila, hiki iā'oe ke loa'a kahi hua ikaika ma ka huahana.

Mark 95X18

'O ka mea kila kila, me kekahi mau hi'ohi'ona i nā mea hana. Inā e no'ono'o'oe i nā nuances o ka hana, hiki iā'oe ke loa'a ka pahi ikaika a pa'akikī. Ho'oweliweli wale i kēlā mau hua'ōlelo, akā,'a'ole lākou e ho'opili'ia no ka manawa lō'ihi. Hiki ke hō'ike i nā hō'ailona o ka hō'ino, akā me ke kau lō'ihi'ana i ka mīmū.

Mark 65G

Ke nānā nei i ka'ano o ka puna. Inā ua no'ono'o'oe e pili ana i ka hana'ana i ka pahi, hiki iā'oe ke'ike, no ka mea, ua mana'o'ia he kaulana loa i nā hui kūkā no ka hana'ana i ka hana. He mea pa'akikī'ole ka hana'ana i nā mea'ai, no ka mea, ua kūpono i ka corrosion. Ke kū'ē'ana i ka'ōpala e ho'ā'o ana e ho'onui ma muli o nā pale nani, akā,'a'ole kēia he panacea.

Mark 420

'O ka'oihana kālā a'oi loa o ka honua. Mahalo paha, no kēia mea, ho'ohana nui ka po'e hana hana Kina. Hana'ia kēia kila i 100% kino'ole. Ho'oponopono'ia ka wela wela e hiki ai ke hō'oia i nā kūlana maika'i loa no nā lau pele mai kēia kila, a ua hō'oia'ia e ka koho'ana o nā mea hana waiwai haole i ha'i'ia ma luna. Ma ka ho'ohana'ana i ke'ano o kēia'enehana, ua maopopo loa ke'ano o ka hana melemele mai kahi'oi aku. 'O ka'oihana ola, me ka uku'u'uku, he nui loa.

Mark 420 KO

Ke ho'ohana nui'ia nei kēia kila kinona carbon no ka hana pahi. He nui nā mea hana kaulana kaulana i kēia kila kila no ka mea he ma'alahi ka ho'oponopono'ana a he maika'i nā'āpana'ino'ino. I ka manawa pinepine, e ho'opunipuni'ia nā hua'ōlelo. Eia na'e, i mea e ho'iho'i ai i kā lākou'oihana'oi'oi,'a'ole ia e lilo i mea nui.

M390

Hiki i nā ko'i o ke kila M390 ke ho'oki'eki'e i nā mea'oki'oki nui a me nā mea kūpa'a. He mea kaulana loa ia i nā mea hana pale. 'O kēlā'ano kila, ma waho a'e o ka hana'ana i nā pahi, ua ho'ohana'ia no ka hana'ana i nā mea hana lā'au, kahi e koi'ia ai nā koi ki'eki'e. Ma muli o ka ho'ohui'ana me ka chrome,'a'ole i uhi'ia kēia'ano kila i ka lepo. Pono e'ike'ia'a'ole i hana wale'ia nā pahi i hana'ia i ke kila M390. 'O kēlā'ano kila i kaulana loa i ka hana'oihana'oihana o nā mea hana a me nā mīkini e hana me nā mea pa'a.

Mark 440

'O kekahi o kāna mau'ano, koho'ia'o A, B a me C, e'ike'ia ka inoa 440C, kahi i mana'o'ia he'enehana'enehana ki'eki'e. 'O kēlā me kēia o nā'ano he mau pakeneka pono'ī kona o ka'enehana kalapona: 0.75%, 0.90% a me 1.20%.

AUS Ho'ohā

'O ka hīmeni o Kepani e like me 440. Me nā'ano'ē a'e, he mau'ano'ano like'ole, a he like'ole ka nui o ke kalapona: AUS-6, -8, -10.

Mark X12MF

'O ka puluki koi o kēia'ano he kūpa'a ki'eki'e loa a he ikaika. 'O nā wili i hana'ia i ke kila X12MF hiki i ka pala'ino,'o ia ke kumu o ka ho'ohana'ole'ia'ana o kā lākou ho'ohana'ana i ka lumi kuke. Hiki i kēlā mau pahi ke ho'onani i nā waiwai kūpono maika'i a me ka hiki'ole ke lohi i ko lākou'oi'oi no ka manawa lō'ihi. 'O nā kilihū i hana'ia i ke kila X12MF ma kahi mo'omana'o kūikawā o nā mea ho'oholo holoholona, hiki'ole ke hana me kahi mea pono'ole.

ZPD-189

'O kēia ka pae ki'eki'e loa o ke kila i hana'ia ma Iapana. Ho'ohui'ia ka ikaika a me ke kaumaha, me ka pa'akikī,'a'ohe ona'ano like'ole i ka honua. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia kekahi mau Manufacturers no ka hana o ko lākou maikaʻi pahi. No laila, ke ki'eki'e loa ka uku o ka huahana i ho'opau'ia. No laila, ma kahi'oihana kū'ai'oihana o ka'oihana kū'ai o kēia mau huahana.

Wahi S30V

'O nā mea ho'olālā o kēia mea'ē a'e,'o Dick Barber lāua'o Chris Reeve. No ka hana'ana i ke kila, ka vanadium carbides. Ma muli o kā lākou noi, hiki iā ia ke ho'okō i ka palaoa'oi a'e o ke kila a me ka ikaika nui. Ho'opiha'ia kēia ho'olālā e ka po'e hana hana hou i kēia manawa.

Mark Mark-1

Ho'ohana nui'ia no ka hana'ana o nā pahi i ho'ohana'ia i ke kai, i kahi e hana mau ai ka wai pa'akai i ka hopena. 'A'ole hiki ke kūpono i ka hana'ana. 'O kekahi mea kaulana kaulana'o Spyderco e ho'ohana ana i kēia kila'oi no kona mau pahi. He aha ke kila maika'i loa no ka pahi i ho'ohana'ia e nā luina? 'Oia'i'o - H-1.

A'o АТ S-34 a me 154 AM

Aia ma ka papa inoa o nā mea hana ki'eki'e loa. 'Oi 154 - ka ulu'ana o'Amelika waiwai mua, a he'ano ki'eki'e a me ka uku ho'okahi. I ke S-34 he huahana o Hitachi. 'O ia ka huahana Kepaneli he 154 ke kila. Mana'o'ia he kūlana po'okela kēia ma kēia ao.

Damascus a me Damaseko

Inā'oe e nīnau aku i ka po'e'oihana i ka'oi aku o ke kila'oi aku no ka pahi, e pane'ia'oe - damask a Damask paha. Mai ka wā kahiko, e hō'ike ana i nā'ano maika'i o ka maka, ua'ōlelo'ia'o Damaseko ia. 'O ka maika'i o nā pahi mai loko mai o nā pua e pili ana i ka'oihana'oihana o ka blacksmith, ka ho'oponopono wela maika'i, e'ō'ō. Inā ho'ohālikelike'oe i nā'a'ahu o Damaseko me ka pahi, hiki iā'oe ke ho'omaopopo i ka'oi aku o ke ki'eki'e o ka mea mua i ka ikaika. Inā mākou e kama'ilio e pili ana i ke'oki'ana i nā waiwai, a laila ua like lākou.

Interestingly, ka nalowale malu o Damaseko kila i loaʻa i loko o 1841 Anosovym P. I., Lūkini metallurgist. Mahalo iā ia, ua ho'ōla hou'ia ka hana'ana o nā mea kaua mai kēia kila ma ka hale hana Zlatoust. 'Oiai i ko mākou manawa, ua kapa'ia nā hua'ōlelo i hana'ia i laila. I ka manawa o ka Soviet Union, ua pau ka hana'ana i nā pahi'oi aku ma muli o ke kulekele o ka moku'āina. Ma muli o ka hana'ana, ua'ano maika'i'ole nā huahana, a ua hiki'ole ke hō'emi i nā koi o ka mea hahai holoholona. Ho'olea wale nō i nā po'e akamai hana i ka wili'ana i ka pahi, hiki iā'oe ke loa'a ka pahi maika'i.

'Olia "Lusia"

'O Metallurg, nāna i ho'okumu kēia mea, kapa'ia ia e mahalo i kāna wahine. I ka manawa ho'okahi, ua ho'opiha'ia he 8 mau toni o kēia kila. Ma hope o ka make'ana o ka haku, ua nalowale ka mea huna o kēia damask me nā'ano like'ole.

No laila, ua'ike mākou i ke'ano o nā pahi a lākou i hana ai-nā hoa kahiko o nā makahiki kahiko o ke kanaka.