He aha nō nā waeʻano o Keaukaha ka palapalaʻae male ma Ukraine

No ka iwakalua-kumamalima makahiki o ke kuokoa, Ukrainian O Keaukaha ka laikini i undergone nui loli, nā ma ka helehelena, a me ka helu o nā waeʻano. He nui nā kanaka i lawe mua i loko o ka lima o ka "pono" o ka hou hāpana, initially nalowale i loko o ka kūpono 'ano. I ka mea, na mea a pau i puni hoʻi, ua pono wale i maopopo.

'āina hoʻoili a me ka modernity

kalepa ae la lakou lula Ukraine ua ili ma hope o ka Soviet Union e hina. Ka Soviet Union lilo i lâlâ o ka Geneva lahui Kuikahi kokoke koke ma hope o ka hōʻailona, i ka 1973.

Mahele ka hoʻokukeʻana laikini he kŰlń a hiki i ka makahiki 1991. Ua mea i loko o ko lakou mau ano o ka "palapala liilii" a me ka mea i ili e Ukraine ua like ka kuokoa moku'āina. makahiki Two ma hope o ka'opi o ka Soviet 'Imi hoʻohana i ka laikini, a ma ka makahiki 1993, hoomaka ae la ka mua laki motorists e kiʻi i ka pńpa ma luna o ka lula ea Ke kumu.

'ē aʻe ua elima wale. A, B, C, D, a E. lākou hiki ke loaa ma ka Sai, maalo ae ninaninau. Ua haawiia palapala no kipaku tramways, nā kaʻa kauō, trolleys a me nā pono hana kūikawā aʻo-oaio? a.

I ka 2008, i hooholoia i ka Verkhovna Rada e harmonize na rula o ke alanui a hiki i Europa, no laila, ua kekahi mau hou waeʻano, kela mea keia mea o ka mea e e kūkā mai ma lalo nei.

A1

Mahele ka hoʻokukeʻana laikini type "A1" i loko o Ukraine puka makemake e kahu ai elua-huila kaa, engine nona iho, aole e oi aku kanalima cubic kenimika a me ka mana o ka mai i eha kilowatts.

I ka hoike ana o keia HOU ua ae ke kaniʻuhūʻana o ke kokua i na mea he nui alanui mea hoʻohana. Ka mea i mua scooters, mopeds a me nā 'ano like' ana i kūpono ke ka mana a pau, a me i lawa ai nā makahiki a me ka ike o ke kalepa rula. Keia ua 'Imi i hoʻohanaʻia e nā pōkiʻi. Ka helu o nā ulia ma ke alanui ua ulu alarmingly. i ka hoike o ka waeʻano pono i kekahi mau mahina ma hope o ka pilikia i hou

A

Mahele ka hoʻokukeʻana laikini type "A" ma Ukraine puka makemake e kahu ai elua-huila kaa (a me nā mokokaikala me sidecar), engine nona iho a oi aku mamua o kanalima cubic kenimika a me ka mana o ka oi mamua o eha kilowatts.

Ma lalo o kona haule nā mokokaikala, scooters a me mopeds ikaika.

Nā mea hōʻoia o ka palapala i loaa mai ai mamua i ka makahiki 2008, hiki upgrade i kekahi laekahi pńpa me ka 'akomi loaʻa ana a me ka waeʻano nā "A" "A1" me ka pono, e waiho hou mea hiki examinations.

B1

Kūkākūkā o Keaukaha ka laikini ma ka "B1" 'ano i hoopuka ia e Ukraine ke aikane, e hana ATVs, tricycles, kalapona a me ka' ē aʻe like kaa. Ka mea wale nō likeʻole, mai ka "B" mau moe i loko o ka mea ana i ke kaumaha o ke kaʻa pono i oi aku mamua o 400 kg.

Ma na alanui o ka nui kūlanakauhale o nā nā mea hōʻoia a ua lako a hiki ke loaʻa loa kākaʻikahi. Mau huahelu i loa mea mahaloia imua o na ululaau, i ka mahinaʻai, ma luna o nā alanui.

ka

Ka loa kaulana a me ka hanohano waeʻano o Keaukaha ka palapalaʻae male ma Ukraine, e like me "B" ke haawi mai i ka pono e kipaku kaa he pāʻumi mai i ka ekolu a me ka hapalua tons, a me ka helu o ka ohua, he okoa ka Keaukaha, ma ka nui o ewalu kanaka.

Ua haule ana ma lalo o ka mahele o ka lehulehu o ka hi.

Nā mea hōʻoia o ka palapala i loaa mai ai mamua i ka makahiki 2008, hiki upgrade i ka laekahi pńpa, me ka 'akomi loaʻa like me ka waeʻano "B" a "B1" waeʻano me ka pono, e waiho hou mea hiki examinations.

C1

E e ho'ākāka 'ia ma Next waiwai waeʻano o nā kuleana i loko o Ukraine. Mau ho'ākākaʻana i nā manaʻo: "C1" a me ka "C".

Ka waeʻano mua mau hiʻohiʻona nō hooponopono o kaa mai 3500 kg a hiki i 7500 kg.

C

Mahele o ke kuleana i loko o Ukraine pae "C" e leie akuʻoe, e mālama i nā kaa ma 7.500 kg.

Kēia mea he poe nui hoi nui paradox.

No ke aha la hiki ole kahu ai uuku ia i kona kalaka, wale i ka waeʻano "C" i, a me ka pono e loaa "C1", no ka mea, ka mea ia hooponopono ana, e waiho ana no he mea pohihihi.

Nā mea hōʻoia o ka palapala i loaa mai ai mamua i ka makahiki 2008, hiki upgrade i ka laekahi pńpa, me ka 'akomi loaʻa like me ka waeʻano "C" a me ka "C1" waeʻano me ka pono, e waiho hou mea hiki examinations.

D1

Nā mea hōʻoia o kēia 'ano hiki pāʻana o ke kaʻa'ōhua kaa me ka helu o ka noho no ka ohua, aole e oi aku umikumamaono. Aho pohihihi waeʻano i loko o Ukraine. minibuses Manufacturers e hoʻouka i loko o kā lākou puke i haku ai oi ma mua o ewalu noho no ka ohua pinepine. Ka loa Popular "sprinter" he umikumamawalu noho.

D

Nā mea hōʻoia o kēia 'ano hiki pāʻana o ke kaʻa'ōhua kaa me ka helu o ka noho no ka ohua no umikumamaono huahelu.

E, C1E, ce, D1E, DE

e koi O Keaukaha, e wehe i ka hou waeʻano i ke nei, ina e manao e halihali ukana kēia ipu kālā ma luna o 750 kg ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka trailer.

makahiki makahiki

O Keaukaha ka laikini me ka hāmama waeʻano "A" a me ka "A1" hiki ke loaa i ka lā o ka umikumamaono. "B", "B1", "C" a me ka "C1" - me ka makahiki o kaʻumikumamāwalu. «D», a «D1» - me ka iwakalua-hoʻokahi makahiki.

ho'ōia

Ho'ōia o ka holoʻana palapalaʻae male hoʻololi lima kekahi mau manawa ma ka ehiku makahiki i hala iho nei. I ka manawa o ka muli o hou waeʻano o ka wehe i nā mea a pau o ia loa. Hope, me ka pono i haawiia no kanalima makahiki, laila kanakolu.

I ka lā, ka mea hou "mea eleele nīnūnē" ma ka iki okoa kumu. "A" a me ka "A1" - iwakālua makahiki, a pau nā waeʻano - he umi.

'ē aʻe o nā kuleana ma luna o ke kaʻa kauō i loko o Ukraine

Mai 2009, i ka waeʻano o pono i ke kaʻa kauō me ka nui loa Hoʻololi '. More no ia i mea e like me ka 7 apana. 'ē aʻe o nā kuleana ma luna o ke kaʻa kauō i loko o ka he mau hua'ōlelo like penei:

A1 - mana pa alima engine i 73,5 kilowatts;

A2 - mana pa alima engine maluna 73,5 kilowatts;

B - pakiko-propelled mahiʻai hana;

C - propelled alanui kaa;

D1 - mīkini hoʻeliʻeli, bākeke ka mai i eha cubic mika;
D2 - excavator me ka bākeke nona iho a no eha cubic mika;
E1 - handlers me engine pohupani hale o ka emi o 142 kW;
E2 - kona kalaka, i loaa i ka buke o ka oi ma mua o 142 kW engine;
F1 - haumāna papa nui o ke kaupaonaʻana mai i ka 18 tona;
F2 - haumāna papa huina ke kaupaonaʻana o ka luna o 18 tona;
G1 - bulldozers, ka mana o ka engine me ka i 73,5 kilowatts;
G2 - bulldozers, ka mana o ka engine me ka i 73,5 kilowatts;
H - 'ē machines i mea ole komo i loko o ka luna Mea Maluna.