He aha ua Rusia ma ka waena o ka XIX kenekulia? Summary o ka "Notes o ka Hunter"

Au e hoʻomaka i kaʻu moʻolelo e pili ana i na haku poʻokela o ka olelo, hanau o ka aina Lūkini, a me kekahi kaulana Episode. Ka hanana, aʻo ia iho haliulia a Mahalo nui, hoomanao ae la oi ma mua o kekahi manawa. By Ivanu Sergeevichu Turgenevu ma ka liʻiliʻi alahao noaioee i hoʻokokokeʻia nā'ōpio artisans a me ka pono e pili ana, o ka mea oiaio e alo i ka mea kākau o ka "Notes o ka Hunter". I ka lohe ana ka affirmative pane, ka mea a elua kulou iho la ia ia ma ka pūhaka, i ka i ana ia mea, i aku la ia - i ka ihu o ka Lūkini kanaka (ma ka waena - i ka hopena o ka XVIII kenekulia, e ike i ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo o "Notes o ka Hunter" i ka hoailona o ka maikaiʻaiʻana). E manaoio mai iaʻu, aloha poʻe heluhelu, i ka mea i ole he impulsive hana o ui kanaka. Ua ua i ka walaau ole h ÷ o ka pilikino kūlana o ka mea kākau i loko o ka abolition o serfdom.

E kipa aʻe kākou i ka puke ano. Ma ka hoʻomaka, mākou e hoailona oukou: ma luna o kēia kumu pae kākau - poetry ma ka Aina, - he elua wale kanaka: Gogol a me Turgenev. 'Ikepili i ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo o "Notes o ka Hunter" E hoʻomaka me poetic a me ka maalea Turgenev ka moʻolelo "Polecat a me Kalinych". Kona kiʻi i ka manaʻo - i waena o-caste aloha o elua kanaka - ka haku a me ka serf, he hiki, paha, wale nō i loko o Rusia. Malie, ana ke kūpili haku hale polecat harmoniously complemented mea naʻau Kalinych.

Ke protagonist o Turgenev, Haka pono mai la ke mele "Memoirs ..." - i loko o ke aloha a me kona uuku hale naʻauao haku hale o ka Oryol aina. Ma ka aoao o ka mea hele ma ka kanaka maoli chernozems, a hoomoakaka aku la o Turgenev "Notes o ka Hunter". maʻiʻo o ka moʻolelo he nui kona mau maka: i ka hahai holoholona overheard nā keiki kāne nāna i lawe mai i ka lio ma ka po ( "Bezhin Meadow"), a laila, tenderly hai o poignant kanaka mele ( "mele"), a laila, kaʻana like i ka malu - o ka naʻauao kanaka hiki ke kapaia kona aina naau e pili ana i ke Akua, he poe aea Kasyanov Beautiful pahikaua.

Turgenev i hana ai oe-pono, a no laila, nani, maoli nā kiʻi o nā kauwa, haʻahaʻa o bourgeoisie, maka'āinana, i moe i loko o ke aloha me ia i ka hooikaika ka mea heluhelu, akā, i ka mea ia manawa, "Notes o ka Hunter" he oiaio, a lyrical puke e pili ana i ka Lūkini kanaka ke kualapa waena XIX kenekulia. laila Landlordism ua i ka papa kuhikuhi ano o ka mahiʻai. Eia naʻe, kēia Ivan Sergeyevich konohiki a pau ma kā lākou moekolohe charisma a me ka temperament mea mamao aku, mai i ua aliʻi lā Ana ( "Raspberry Wai"). Formulating he hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo o "Notes o ka Hunter," ua hiki ke olelo ia serfdom i loko o ka XIX kenekulia, he oo hooweliweli. Aia uaʻAʻole nui ia laulā, wahi lulu konohiki, e mālama i ko lakou mau kauwa hana arraignment a me ka hoopai.

Serfs, ma ka huli,ʻaʻohe pono. Ka mea hiki wale keʻeha, e e olioli ole, ka mea hiki ole i ka mea i kūpono, e hoolilo aku no lakou ia lakou iho, a me ko lakou mau ola. 'Aʻole surprisingly, i ka ino hui, e huli kanaka i loko o nā kauā, serfs nele o na mea he nui pilina hana. Ka Ho 'Oponopono ola pinepine poe hana e ohi i hoole mai ai i ka ona ana, e moe ana, palaualelo. Pinepine, ka malama ana i ka hale a ka mea i kau ma luna o nā poʻohiwi o nā wāhine, ka wā o nā kānaka inu. A i ka wā ola i unbearable, wawahi mai naʻaupō kēia a me ka lokoʻino koko haunaele. Ka palapala inoa "kikeke!" Ka mea kākau i haawi i kekahi o kana mau hana. I ka manaʻo o ka pilikia o ka escalation o ke kāʻili wale i loko o ke kaiāulu mea he manawa pōkole kakou kamailio ana maʻiʻo. "Notes o ka Hunter", e like me ka mea i ideologically ua hoʻoʻuluʻulu manaʻo hope allegorical moʻolelo "Mumu": na kanaka ikaika aa blindly nonoi aku nei i ke kokoke, haʻahaʻa haku wahine.

hoʻokani Turgenev ka moʻolelo kalapona (hope paʻi i ka 1852) kūlana he koʻikoʻi i loko o ka liberation o ka peasantry. E wehewehe mai i ka hope manaʻo (ma hope o nā mea a pau, ua ike mua i ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo o ka "Notes o ka Hunter"). Nui iho la ia lyric, Ivan Sergeyevich, kanalua ike o kana hana i ke kaiāulu. ʻOiai Turgenev ua i leʻaleʻa o biting, paʻakikī 'ōlelo, denouncing ka uuku-hoonaaukiekie oe landowners, haʻahaʻa Wiliama lokoino, aka, lokoʻino, ololi-ākea, pono panakalupa konohiki Zverkov, Stegunova, Penochkin hōʻike ia i ka piha. He hoʻohana i ka nui ikaika kaua - wrenching,ʻuhane-taker no ka oiaio. Ka luna moʻo o ka moʻolelo, e like me ka mea e hoikeike ma ke Chronicle, i ka hohonu, manaʻo ma oi ma mua o kekahi mea e heluhelu ia i ka Lūkini Emperor Alexander II. E like me oe i ike, na kanaka ia lakou iho Mahalo nui kapaia keia alii hoopau ia serfdom, ka Liberator.