Hoʻokolohua-lactam antibiotics:ʻano papa hana o ka hana a me ka Mea Maluna

Antibiotics - he pūʻulu o ai 'me Etiotropicʻano papa hana o ka hana. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, mau ai 'lawelawe' ana ma luna o ke kumu o ka maʻi (i loko o keia hihia, ke microorganism o ka causative hope), a ma nāʻaoʻao hana ai: luku microbes (microbicides - penicillins, cephalosporins) a inhibit lākou nā'ōlelo (bacteriostatic - tetracyclines, sulfonamides).

Aia mea he nui ka nui o ka ai 'o antibiotics, akā, i ka loa nui pūʻulu o ia - keia mea he Hoʻokolohua-lactams. He ana ia, a e e kūkākūkā i loko o kēia 'atikala.

Mea Maluna o antibiotics

Ma keʻano papa hana o ka hana ana i kēia mau ai 'i puʻunaueʻia i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE pūʻulu eono:

1. Antibiotics i inhibit ka hoʻololi kemikala o ka halepaahaoʻili lahilahi eiiiiiaiou: penicillins, cephalosporins, a me na mea e ae.
2. Laau lapaau e pale aku i ka maʻamau functioning o ka halepaahao pa: polyenes polymyxins.
3. Ai 'i inhibit kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala: macrolides, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, a me na mea e ae.
4. Inhibitory RNA hoʻololi kemikala i ka anu u hana o ka RNA polymerase: rifamycins, sulphonamides.
5. Inhibitory RNA hoʻololi kemikala i ka anu u hana o DNA polymerase: actinomycins listen'ōlelo.
6. DNA hoʻololi kemikala blockers: anthracyclines, nitrofurans a me na mea e ae.

Naʻe, i kēia Mea Maluna mea,ʻaʻole loa pono. Ma lapaʻau hana, i ka i kēia mahele o antimicrobials:

1. Penicillins.
2. Cephalosporins.
3. Macrolides.
4. Aminoglycosides.
5. Polymyxin a me polyenes.
6. Tetracyclines.
7. Sulfonamides.
8. Aminohinolonov nā mea loaʻa.
9. Nitrofurans.
10. Fluoroquinolones.

Hoʻokolohua-lactam antibiotics. Ke 'ole a me kaʻano papa hana o ka hoʻokō'

Kēia pūʻulu o ai 'me ka bactericidal kanawai a me ka pono laulā papa inoa o nāʻikepili no ka pono. Hoʻokolohua-lactam antibiotics nā penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams. A pau o ia i wehewehe aku e kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻokōʻana a me ka kŘpa a haahaa kaʻawahia, e ia i ka ai 'loa olelo hoakaka no ka iapaau ana o ka maʻi he nui loa.

Keʻano papa hana o ka hana o ka Hoʻokolohua-lactam antibiotics aie i kā lākou 'ole. Nui au mamuliʻaneʻi no kekahi mea, ka mea, o ke kumukuai i haiia ae wale e pili ana i ka loa nui hehee ai, a haawi aku i ka inoa a hiki i ka pau pae o ka ai '. Hookomoia ma na nā lātoma o ka Hoʻokolohua-lactam komolima, a 'oi aku i ka haʻi bactericidal hookoia, a ua hoikeia mai ma ka paleʻana i ka hoʻololi kemikala o ka halepaahao paia eiiiiiaiou o ka pathogen. Eia naʻe, ua hiki i ka paka i ka kūikawā'ūhū, i uhai aku i ka 'ole o ke apo nui koʻohune, a nele o ka antibiotic o kona papa kuhikuhiE kaua. Ia mea ke kumu o ka hana ana o ai 'i loko o ka iapaau ana o ka ole me ka palekana i ka Hoʻokolohua-lactamases, ineffective.

Ua e lilo aku, he pono ole antibiotics Hoʻokolohua-lactam pae, palekana, mai ka hana o ka mea koʻohune nā'ūhū. Lākou haku mele 'ana nā waiwai e aeie i ka hoʻololi kemikala o Hoʻokolohua-lactamase, e like me clavulanicʻakika. hoomaluia Hoʻokolohua-lactam antibiotics (e like me "Amoxiclav") i hana ia ala. Other nā mea kūpale o ka mea koʻohune'ūhū nā "Sulbactam" a me "tazobactam."

Laau lapaau, mai ka pae ana o penicillins: Historical Ka Ike

Hoomakaukau i loko o kēia moʻo ua ka mua antibiotics, i ka pākōlea hopena o i i ike ai i kanaka. No ka lōʻihi manawa ka mea, i ua hoʻomano hoʻohana no ka iapaau ana o ka maʻi likeʻole, a me nā makahiki mua o ke noi, ua aneane he panacea. Naʻe, ka mea koke ihola i kā lākou laulā ua kiʻekiʻe o haule, e like me ka evolution o ko ke ao nei mai o koʻohune, aole ia e ku malie. e hiki ke hakuloli i koke aku i keʻano o ka luna 'olelo o ke ola, e haawi ana ala a hiki i ka malamalama o ka hanauna o ka antibiotic-hoʻopale koʻohune anakahi iki-meaola.

Ke prevalence o ka penicillin alakaʻi i ka kokololio ulu o non-susceptible ke kanana nei o microbes iā ia, no laila, i loko o kona maemae palapala ka manawa ai 'ma keia pae i ineffective, a i ole ia. Ka mea, i kahi momona a hoʻohana i hoʻohui pū 'ia me ka' ona i ka hōʻoi 'kā lākou bactericidal kanawai, a me inhibits mea koʻohune aiiay maomeka.

hoomakaukau penicillin

He He Hoʻokolohua-lactam antibiotics, ka Mea Maluna o ka i mea he nui:

1. Na maoli penicillins (e laʻa me, "Penicillin").
2. Anati-staphylococcal ( "Oxacillin").
3. Penicillins,, ua kīkoʻo akula-pae ( "Ampicillin" "Amoxicillin").
4. Pseudomonas ( "azlocillin").
5. Hoomaluia penicillins (hui me ka clavulanicʻakika "sulbactam", "tazobactam").
6. Ai ', a me loko o kona wale nô he mau antibiotics penicillin.

An hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo o ka ai 'o ia i ka penicillin pae

hiki ana nā penicillins maoli uhi i ka ha awina o nā gram-maikaʻi a me ka gram-io microorganisms. O ka mea hope, o ka loa ikepili koʻikoʻi a hiki i keia pae ana o Hoʻokolohua-lactam antibiotics Streptococcus a me nā kumu o ka meningitis. Ka i koe, koʻohune i ka lā loaa pale maomeka. Natural penicillins e mana e ku e ia anaerobes :. Clostridial peptokokki, peptostreptokokkov etc. mau ai 'i emiʻawahia, a i ka kŘpa a he uuku o adverse' ole, i ka papa inoa o i ua hoemiʻano nui i allergic reactions, oiai overdose mea hiki, a me ka hooulu ana o ke kāʻili 'ana, a me ka helehelena o ka symptoms o kaʻapu kōheoheoʻana e na nā loko o ka digestive nenoaiu.

Mai ka Anati-staphylococcal penicillins nui waiwai mea o ka Hoʻokolohua-lactam antibiotic like "Oxacillin". Ua makaukau no ka ololi noi, no ka mea, ua manaoʻano nui e hakakä S. aureus. Ia mea ku ei keia pathogen (me penitsillinrezistentnyh ke kanana nei) "Oxacillin" He loa ka hoʻokō. ʻaoʻao 'ole e like me ka poʻe o nā lālā' ē aʻe o kēia pae o ka ai '.

Penicillins,, ua kīkoʻo akula-pae 'Aʻohe wai iaʻu, mai ka gram-oluʻolu, gram-io a me ka anaerobic flora i kekahi hana ku ei ka causative konohiki o intestinal nā mea palahēhē. ʻaoʻao waiwai i ole oko mai o ka luna, nae mau ai 'i wehewehe aku e ka pahiki iki kiekie o kāna hana o ka digestive nenoaiu.

Hoʻokolohua-lactam antibiotic "azlocillin" (i ka 'elele o ka ha o ka pae ana o penicillins) ua papahana e hana me Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Naʻe, i loko o ka minute o ka pathogen hoikeia ia'ku i na ai 'i loko o kēia puke, aʻo kā lākou hoʻohana mea,ʻaʻole pēlā ka hoʻokō.

About hoomaluia penicillins kau aʻela ma luna. Aie i ka mea i mau ai 'loaʻa i loko o kona haku mele' ana waiwai i inhibit Hoʻokolohua-lactamase hua koʻohune, ka mea, ua oi mana no ka iapaau ana o ka maʻi he nui loa.

Na hope pūʻulu - ia mea he huihui 'ana o kekahi mau' elele o ka penicillin, ae ka ikaika kekahi i kekahi i ka hana.

Lau hanauna o koʻohune ikaika

Hoʻokolohua-lactam antibiotics a me cephalosporins i. Mau ai ', e like penicillin, kela aku i loko o kā lākou mau laulā pae o ka hana a me ka poʻeʻuʻukuʻaoʻao' ole.

Aia mau eha pūʻulu (hanauna) cephalosporins:

1. Ka loa poʻokela ka poeikohoia o ka hanauna mua - "Cefazolin" a me ka "Cephalexin". Ka mea, i kuhikuhi ke hoʻololi i ka hakakā staphylococci, streptococci, meningococci a me ka gonococci, e like me kekahi gram-io meaola.
2. Ka lua o ka hanauna - ka "Cefuroxime" Hoʻokolohua-lactam antibiotic. Kona wahi o ke kuleana kikowaenaʻano nui gram-io microorganisms.
3. "Cefotaxime", "Ceftazidime" - elele o ke kolu o ka pae ana o ka Mea Maluna. Ka mea, ua nui loa kona mana i ka enterobacteria, a hiki loa aku i ka flora o nosocomial (haukapila ke kanana nei o microorganisms).
4. i ka ha o ka hanauna o ka papa kuhikuhiE huahana - ". Cefepime" Ka mea, i na pono a pau o ka ai 'luna, eia hoi, ka loa eii? E Hoʻokolohua-lactamases koʻohune, a mai ka ha awina e ku e ia Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Cephalosporins a me Hoʻokolohua-lactam antibiotics like me ka a pau ua wehewehe aku ma ka hai bactericidal hopena.

No ka mea, adverse reactions i ka hooko ana o ka ai 'loa noonoo ponoʻikepili like allergic reactions (wawe mai ka hoʻololi iki a hiki i ke ola-hooweliweli, e like me anaphylactic kŰia), i loko o kekahi mau hihia na kāna hana o ka digestive nā loko.

no? kālā

"Imipenem" - he Hoʻokolohua-lactam antibiotic no i ka carbapenem pae. He, e like me ka mea i emi kaulana "Meropenem" hana hopena ma ia'ku i nā ai 'i loko o ka microflora hiki haawi paʻewa o ke kolu a me ka ha o ka hanauna cephalosporins.

Hoʻokolohua-lactam antibiotic mai ka pae ana o carbapenems - he lāʻau hoʻohana i maopopo loa hoopii, ka wā pathogens i ole amenable i ka hana maikaʻiʻole e nā ai '.

Ke kākoʻoʻana o ia hoʻi, helu elua

"Aztreonam" - ka koʻikoʻi loa, 'elele o monobactams, ka mea, ua wehewehe aku ma ka kŘpa a pilikia pae o ka hana. Kēia Hoʻokolohua-lactam antibiotic mea mana e ku e ia gram-io aerobic loa. Naʻe, ka mea e e kaulana e like me ka "Imipenem" "Aztreonam" kūpono kou insensitive e Hoʻokolohua-lactamases, aʻo ia ka lāʻau o ke koho no ka loa ano o ka mai e poloʻai pule ma kēia mau pathogens, o ka oi aku ka wā lapaʻau 'ole' ē aʻe antibiotics.

I ka pae o ka hana o ka Hoʻokolohua-lactam antibiotics

I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, ka mea e e hoʻomaopopo i ka hoomakaukau ana o kēia mau pūʻulu i ka hopena ma luna o ka nui helu o? Ueo o pathogens. Keʻano papa hana o ka hana o ka Hoʻokolohua-lactam antibiotics ia i koe hiki ole o ke koena microbes: aeea paia hoʻololi kemikala blockade - he make lelo no ka koʻohune.

Gram-maikaʻi a me Gram-io meaola, aerobic a me ka anaerobic ... a pau kēia mau 'elele o pathogenic flora aia mea he lahui pono ka lāʻau. O ka holo ana, aia i waena o kēia mau antibiotics a me ka nui hana kūikawā hana, akā, ka hapanui o ia mau mea makaukau e kaua me kekahi mau infectious konohiki. e hiki ia lakou ke ku imua o na elele o nosocomial flora Hoʻokolohua-lactam antibiotics, nō ka loa hoʻopale i ka lapaau.

He aha ka ka haukapila ke kanana nei?

Mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i anakahi iki-meaola e ola ana ma 'inikua kulanui. Ke kumu o ko lākouʻano i ka nānā mālama nā mea maʻi a me ka 'inikua kookoo. Pakahi aku la ia pilikia i hūnāʻia, palaualelo ano o ka maʻi. Haukapila - i ka pono wahi e houluulu hiki a pau nā moku halihali mokulele o infectious ka maʻi. A 'aʻe' ana i hui hoʻomaʻemaʻe rula a me kūmau i momona lepo no keia flora ua loaʻa i ka niche no lakou ola, ma kahi hiki ola, ole, a loaʻa iā ia'ku i ka ai '.

High ia'ku haukapila ke kanana nei kuhikuhi manawa i ka mea e, ma kā lākou mau kaianoho koholā Ho 'Oponopono, e hiki ke kamaʻilio me keʻano o ka ai' koʻohune. Maoli ai, o ka hopena o ka ai 'ma meaola ia lŘlŘ ma ka paha, me ka loaa e luku mai i ka pale kaua, a me ka meaʻuʻuku nā māhele, a me keia ka poʻea pau i ka mea e ka poeikohoia o ka haukapila microflora ke kūkulu i ka palekana i ka luku maomeka no ia e aʻo i ke ku imua o lakou. A me ke kanana nei ikea e aumeume no me ia ka loa paʻakikī, a me kekahi manawa ia mea ia ia mea hiki ole.

Hoʻokolohua-lactam antibiotics i loko o ka helu ana o kekahi aoao a me kekahi e imi nei e hoʻoponopono i kēia luna 'pilikia. I waena o ia mau 'elele i hala loa ana e hana me ke ahiahi, o ka loa insensitive i ai' koʻohune hiki. Keia me ke koe lāʻau. Lākou hoʻohana Ua kaupalena, e like me ka mea i hoonohoia wale ia ka mea, ua anei pono. Inā mau antibiotics i hoʻohana hoʻonuinui pinepine, laila, loa paha, ka mea e pau i ka haule ana o ko lākou laulā, no ka mea, alaila, na koʻohune i ka manawa e pāʻani aku me nā māheleʻuʻuku o kēia mau ai ', e noiʻi i ia, a hoʻomōhala aoao o ka hoomalu ana.

Wā lawelawe Hoʻokolohua-lactam antibiotics?

Nāʻikepili no ka hoʻohana ana i keia pae ana o ai 'aie kuhikuhi i kā lākou pae o ka hana. Makemake anei e pono e koho i kekahi Hoʻokolohua-lactam antibiotic i loko o ka maʻiʻaʻai, a pathogen mea ikepili koʻikoʻi i ka hana o ka lāʻau.

Penicillins i pono ka i loko o ka iapaau ana o ka pharyngitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia, heʻulaʻula kuni, meningitis mea koʻohune endocarditis, actinomycosis, anaerobic nā mea palahēhē, leptospirosis, salmonellosis, shigellosis, infectious maʻi o ka ili a me ka pahee nā'aʻaʻa. Mai poina e pili ana i na ai 'i ke kaua me Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Cephalosporins i he like pae o ka haʻawina, a laila, nāʻikepili no ia mea kokoke i ka like me ia no ka penicillins. Naʻe, ka mea e e olelo mai la ia i ka laulā o cephalosporins, pakahi aku la ia i ka mau hanauna hope,ʻaʻole i loko o ka hana ma luna.

Monobactams a carbapenems i ke hoʻololi i ka hakakā i nā loa kaumaha, a poorly treatable maʻi, a me ka poʻe i hoʻowalewale i ma ka haukapila ke kanana nei. Ka mea, i kekahi mana ma ka sepsis a me ka septic kŰia.

undesirable 'ole

E like me ua olelo, e kapa hoʻohanohano ma ka kŘpa a uuku helu o nā palapala 'ole i ke kino o ka Hoʻokolohua-lactam antibiotics (ai' o ia i kēia pae i helu 'ia ma luna aʻe). Pohihihi keia convulsions a me symptoms o digestive kāna hana i ole ke ola-na olelo hooweliweli au. Na maoli pilikia loa ke e he nui allergic naoh i ka lapaʻauʻia i waena o Hoʻokolohua-lactam antibiotics.

Poʻe noʻonoʻoʻole, pruritus, rhinitis a me ka conjunctivitis mea ole ke ola-na olelo hooweliweli au, naʻe loa kaʻawaʻawa loa. He aha nae mea ia e makau, no ka mea, o ka loa reactions me angioedema (oi loa i loko o ka wahi o ka larynx, i ua pu ma ka loa dyspnea a hikiʻole i ka hanu) a me ka anaphylactic kŰia. No laila, i ka lāʻau hiki ke hoʻolauna hana ho'āʻo ma no ka allergy wale nō ma hope.

Hiki keʻa-reactions. Hoʻokolohua-lactam antibiotics, ka Mea Maluna a hoʻohuʻu ke alo aku o ka helu nui o nā pūʻulu o ai ', structurally mea i like loa i kekahi i kekahi, a' o ia hoʻi i ka hihia o ka intolerance hiki i kekahi o lakou, kela kanaka keia kanaka e ae e e ike ma ke kino, e like me ka allergen.

A mau olelo e pili ana i nā kumumea e hoomahuahua i ka ia'ku o koʻohune

O ka holo emi ma ka laulā o antibacterial ai '(me Hoʻokolohua-lactam antibiotics) ma muli o ka holomua' pinepine a me ka pinepine pololei ole i ka palapala noi. An kāpili papa o ka lapaau, i ka pono o ka poe liilii, pākōlea nā māhele i ole conducive i ke ola, akā, pale aku microorganisms ka manawa e "huakaʻi", e invent a me ka hoʻomōhala ki ina hana like o ka palekana i ka ai '. Pela ka mea i kekahi mea känalua 'ole i ka la mahope lilo ineffective ma manawa?

'Oiai, e antibiotics, a i ole, kuu mai keʻena kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau me ke kuhikuhi, e hoakoakoa ia lakou i na mea a pau au e hiki. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ka pakiko, a me ka pili pilikia (ka hoʻohana' ana i ka manawa o ka ia lāʻau, manao haʻahaʻa o ka Inc, pololei ole laʻau heluna, a no laila, ma luna o.) E koe, e pili ana i ka rula no ka mahi ana i ka lāʻau '-hoʻopale ke kanana nei.

Heʻaneʻi e noho, a ma-haukapila flora, me ka manawa e 'Imi kamaʻilio me ka ai' likeʻole, a invent aoao hou e loan ia.

He aha e hana ai? Mai Mai pakiko-lapaʻau, e? Ii i nā koi o ka hele ana i kahuna lapaau: lawe i ka lapaʻauʻia no ka like loa i koi 'ia, a ma nā nā māhele akau. Me ka nosocomial flora e kaua aku, o ka papa, oi paʻakikī, akā nō e hiki. Ka puakai o ke ola mau hae, a me ko lakou ikaika manaʻo e emi i ka likelihood o e pili ana 'ano kūpono no ka? Aneii o hoʻopale flora.

A mau hua'ōlelo i loko o ka hopena

A nui loa ka laulā kumuhana - Hoʻokolohua-lactam antibiotics. Pharmacology (science o ka laau a me kā lākou mau keiki ma luna o ka meaola) hoʻolaʻa aku ai i ia mau mokuna i loaʻa ole wale kekahi mau ano o ka pae, akā, no hoi iloko o ka hōʻike o ka maikai ikeia o kona laʻelaʻe 'ia. Kēia 'atikala ua i manao ia e hulina, akā, ho'āʻoʻo ia e alakaʻi mai i ka Naauao, i ka ike i ana o kēia mau lapaʻauʻia ka pono.

E hoʻokaʻaʻike ola, a mai hoopoina: mua ka hoʻohana 'ana i kēia' ole ia antibiotic heluhelu i kēia mau kauoha akahele a me ka ikaika hahai i nā koi, a maikaʻi naʻe, kukakuka pu me ka hoʻomalu.