I ka papa kuhikuhiE māhele o ka pua - ia mea ... ke kumu nui loa o ka pua: pistil a me stamens

Botanists Ua manaʻoʻia hoʻi e oi aku mamua o 360 tausani ano i waena o flowering mea kanu. A me keia mea ua i pau. Flowers i loaʻa, mai ke koaʻe ke hiki i ka tundra - i loko o nā mea a pau climatic cii o ka Honua. Ka mea, i na wahi: i loko o ka nahele no hoi ia, nahele, steppes, wahi lepo wai a me ic ??, ma ka mokuna, a ma na Highlands. Kēia flowering mea kanu e i ka bulk o ka mea o ka biosphere. Mahalo iā ia, hua mai la i kanu ai - kiliala, loa ka lau a me ka hua, hua a me nā kukui.

Ka nui loa hehee ai o na angiosperms (i ka lua o ka inoa flowering) o ka pua. I ka papa kuhikuhiE mau māhele o ka pua - he pistil a me stamens. Aie i ka luna 'keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka pollination a me ka fertilization, a me kā lākou komo palapala anoano - ka mau nō lā hoʻi o ke ola a me ka evolution o mea kanu ma ka Honua.

Flower: 'ole a me ka ho'āʻo

ua i mai o aa kiekie ae kanu, kumu me ka lau a me ka pua, a i hoopokole a Hoʻololi 'anei i. Mamo, anei i a me na lau - vegetative māhele i nā kuleana no ka ulu ana o mea kanu. Flower - generative hehee ai o reproductive nā loko. IeAUPIIe, IAa IO, ua pili i nā pua i nā pedicels - no laila, kapa Ka Uluwehi O Ke hapa o ke kumu me ka lau. Ma kekahi mau mea kanu peduncles ma kahi'ē paha māhunehune hoikeia. It - sessile pua. Peduncle Hoʻonui i ka pono, neʻe maila i loko o ka wahi.

E helu mai i ka lalo mai, mai ka peduncle, ke kumu nui loa o ka pua. Kēia wahi, i mea i ke kumu no ka hoʻokomo 'ana i na kumu o ka pua i koe. Wahi paha e likeʻole kinona mai conical, e like me ka Magnolia i ka pelane (camomile) ole hoi concave (rosehips), e hoomaka ana me ke kiaha, a ua hana sepals. ka mea, e IeAUPIIe, IAa IO uliuli a pau, akā, hiki ke brightly nā pōpō. Calyx i e hookahi-lalani paha epicalyx hana, mai ka lua o ka puni ana o sepals. Next - ka corolla o ka pua, mele o petals. ʻano o ka pua corolla nui: kala like 'ole,' ia nā pōpō pinepine ', nui, helu, kinona, ae hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha, cleavage petals.

Collectively, na sepals a me petals e i ka perianth - uhi mai i ka pua. Kekahi flowering mea kanu i ole petals, a me ka mea e ole oko mai o ka sepals. Ma na hihia a pau, i ka perianth mea puni; ka mea, ua kapaia papalua no hoi lakou ina he sepal a me petals. Perianth - sterile appendage pua. Oihana pua häʻawi mai ai iä perianth - palekana o ka carpel (pistil ole carpel) a me kumu hoʻomalu pollination. Bright waihoʻoluʻu a me ka hale kalapu noʻala corolla i nā mea kolo 'ana i nā mea kanu.

Nā bracts mea momona, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka nui loa o ka pua. Ua gynoecium, hiki'ē - ka pistil, ma i? Ac? Ovules me ka wahi no ka gametophyte (megaspores). He ka wahine reproductive nā loko o ka pua. Nā bracts a me ia mea i ke kane moe hui, he mall pa alima a - stamen. Collectively, ua kapaia androecium na stamens. Ke stamen anthers hana microspores. Ka mea, paka he pollen palaoa - kane gametophyte.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE mau māhele o ka pua

Ke pistil a me stamens i ka loa nui hehee wale, no ka mea, - hoi o ka makana o ke kāne a me ka wahine germ keena. It - gametophytes, he waiwai i kupu mai ka confluence o ka hua, a me ka hua o ka flowering. Pistil (carpel pololei, e kapa ia) ninoieo o ka ovary, he kia (kekahi flowering iho mea ole), a me ka stigma. Ma ka ovary malaila embryo sac a me kona pale umauma hoʻokahi ovules. Ka luna o ke kolamu welau a me ka stigma, kahi pollen ua hoolohi. Ua ua hana ia ma na stamens (mikrosporolistikah). Typical stamen he o nā māhele: na filaments (sterile, sterile hapa), a me ka momona anther (fertility) kuleana pili i.

Monoecious a dioecious

About 75% o ka laha 'ana o angiosperms i hermaphroditic (hermaphroditic) pua - ka mea, i nā stamens a me pistils. Kēia mau mea kanu i monoecious (laʻana - maize). Aia nā mea kanu ma a kekahi kanaka - me ka staminate wale pua, a me na mea e ae - wale pistillate. Ka mea, i kapaʻia dioecious (laʻana - hemp).

Ke kaʻina hana o ka pollination

ʻO Mānoa, he wahi e ku pollination o pollen ma ka stigma o stamens. Ua hiki e pakiko-pollination, ka Classic mamuli o ka i ike i ka undisclosed pua (kekahi mauʻano o nā lila, peanuts, bale). Ka lua o ka hana - keʻa-pollination e ia lŘlŘ ma loa flowering. Kekahi nā moku halihali mokulele o ka pollen: ka makani, ka wai, nā mea kolo, e holo mālie ana, manu.

papalua fertilization

At confluence kane gametes (sperm) mai ka wahine gamete (oocyte) fertilization ia lŘlŘ. E hana i kēia, e pono e ma ka stigma, nā hua Padfolio meaʻala wai, kupu pollen stamens. I kupu pula iki kaʻina kānāwai ulu pollen şarkı - he loa lōʻihi a me ka loa wiwi. Ua komo i loko o ka ovary kokoke i ka ovules. I ka pauʻana o nā paipu elua i pili sperm. Ovule, oia hoi o ka aeee e hoʻomōhala loko o ka ovary. Ka hua manu Ua kokoke loa e pyltsevhodu, a komo iloko pyltsetrubka. Other keena, kiʻekiʻe, aia ma ka waena konu o ka ovary. Pyltsetrubka o poha a me nā sperm mai mai ia. Kekahi komo ka cytoplasm a me ka nucleus fuses me ka hua manu, a me ka mea 'ē aʻe - komo i loko o ka haumāna halepaahao. Fertilization ia lŘlŘ a me ka hua manu hoʻomaka e puunaue pinepine ae la oia, ma i hoʻomōhala ana i ka germ o ka mea kanu. Ka haumāna aeea like fertilized, a hoʻomaka e puunaue i ka hana i ka endosperm - pantry hookoe kokuaia no ka embryo. Kēia 'ano apau loa o ka hua.

Pokole e pili ana i ka hana o ka pua

Flowering mea kanu ma ka flora o ka Honua kūlana 'he Hoʻohakuʻoihana i loko o kona ulu ana, e like me iwaena o mammals? Aaoa. Manao o na mea a pau e noho ana - e hohola aku i ko lakou ohana, e ho okumu ana i kona hoomau. ʻO ia eager a me ka flowering. Lākou reproductive nā loko, ae hana i ka hana o nā'ōlelo, nā pua. I ka papa kuhikuhiE māhele o ka pua - keia gynoecium (ʻai i) a me ka androecium (stamen) a nāna i hana i ka ke keka keena - gametes. Ma nā pua ma hope o pollination e i ke keakea ole - kanaka maluna iho o ka gametes. E like me ka hopena o ka papalua fertilization o ovules o ka ovary e hoʻomōhala ana i loko o ka ili o na anoano, me ke koena o ka mahuaola. Keia mea - o ka hoʻomaka o ke ola hou o ka wā e hiki mai hanauna i loko o nāʻohana o ka flowering mea kanu.