Kēia manaʻo ua loko mai o ka Roma hua'ōlelo civis, i hiki ke unuhi 'ia me "kivila" a "moku'āina". I oi a emi ka laekahi 'ano mea i mua i olelo ia e ka Palani mea aʻo Viktorom Mirabo. E like me ia i kona hoomaopopo ana, ka noho - ua i ka lākou o kekahi pōʻai kūmau i differentiate kanaka ke kaiāulu kanaka, mai ka holoholona ola: ike, lokomaikai, i hoopalupaluia, a hiipoi, politeness, a no laila, ma luna o. Kēia manawa pili pū kēia i ka hana ana i kekahi hale hoʻokamakama poe akeakamai o ka au - ka ScotʻAdamu Ferguson. No ka ona, ka noho - mea i kekahi kahua o ka? Acaeoey o kanaka lehulehu. Ferguson ike mōʻaukala me ka gradual kūpono 'ana o ke kanaka moʻomeheu (moʻokalaleo, na kulanakauhale, ke kaiāulu kanaka,) - mai barbarism a hiki i ka lahui ulu moʻomeheu. Ma ka like aa koko, ulu ka naauao o ke kumuhana, a ma ka ma hope akeakamai haʻawina, kākau moʻolelo a me nā sociologists. No ka ia, a pau ka noho - mea he manaʻo, kekahi aoao ai kekahi e pili ai i kanaka ke kaiāulu kanaka, a me ka mai i ka lākou o nā hiʻona i emi iho i ka lehulehu. Naʻe, i ka loli hoʻokokoke mai. No ka Marxists, no kekahi laʻana, i ka noho - o ke kahua o ka? Acaeoey o ka hoʻomāhuahua ai koa o ke kaiāulu.
Ka mōʻaukala kokoke Arnolda Toynbi
An hana hoihoi 'ho o ka mōʻaukala kaʻina i kaumaha aku i ka Pelekania moʻolelo Arnold Toynbee. I kana hana kaulana "Study o History", oia no kekahi mau puke, ua ike no ia i ka pau mōʻaukala o kanaka nā kaiapili like me ka lākou o nonlinear ka molekumu o, ana a me ka emi o ka maikai ana e ala mai i kekahi mau manawa, a ma kekahi wahi o ka poepoe honua. Nā hiʻona o kela a me keia wehewehe civilizational kaiaulu lākou okoa? aneie ana: aniau aina, Historic mau hoalauna, a no laila, ma luna o.
Kēia kaʻina o Arnold Toynbee kapa i ke kānāwai o ka hakaka a me ka pane. E like me kona kumumanaʻo, i kekahi ike a me ka noho maikai ana malu ai ka haohao ana mai pratsivilizatsionnyh nā kaiāulu ma muli o ka hopena o ka mawaho kahea. A ka mea, kekahi make ole, e kāinoa i ka noho i loko o ka papa o kona pane. No ka laʻana, ka mea, i ka Babylonian kahiko a me ka Aigupita maikai ana. Ma muli o ia i ka aina arid no ke ola o ka mea i nāʻohana ka mea, ua pono ke hana i ka pau nenoaiie oʻimi hoʻopunipuni nenoaio i? Auwai a, a i koi 'ia ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono akahele. Kēia, ma ka huli, alakai aku i ka hanau ana o ka nakeke o coercion o na kauwa, i ka muli o ka waiwai, a no ia i ka State, a i ke ano o ka noho maikai ana dictated e mawaho climatic ana.
Karistiano medieval ka noho i loko o Rusia i waho me ka naoh i ka ikaika kaua o nomadic ohana, e hālāwai hoʻeuʻeu disparate Hawaiian Slavic ohana. Ma ka buke mua o kona "Study o History" Toynbee e hōʻike ana he iwakalua-hoʻokahi ka noho i loko o ka holoʻokoʻa mōʻaukala o ke kanaka. Iwaena o lakou, okoa ka poe i oleloia, ke kahiko Pākē, Hellenic, Apapika, Hindu, Andean, Minoan, Mayan, Sumerian, India, komohana, Heta, Aole loa Hikina, elua Karistiano - ma Rusia, a me ka Balkans, Iran, a me ka Mekiko Yucatan. Ma ka hope puke o kona mau manao akaaka malu i ka loli, a me ka helu o ka maikai ana ua hoʻemi. Eia hou, i ka mea kākau moʻolelo kaulana kekahi kaiaulu mea i ka manawa e lilo i ka noho maikai ana, akā, 'aʻole hiki ke ana lanakila ma kona iho ka hakaka ana. O lakou, no ka mea hoike, i ka Spartans, ka medieval Scandinavians, na nomads o ka hehi Nui.