Ivan Peresvetov a me kona philosophical manao

Mai ka XVI kenekulia i hele mai ia mai journalistic palapala no ka mea kākau e Ivan Peresvetov - kekahi o na naau nui loa o ke au hou Ivana Groznogo. I kekahi manawa, i ka wa kuee a haalele mai i uhi pū me ka lōʻihiʻino,ʻo ia iā ia i ka ikaika, e ka hoike manaʻo ka mea ku ole i ka oihana ideology o ka moku'āina. Information about kona ola ua loa kaupalena, ka mea wale nō kumu mai i ka mea i loko, he kana mau mele, mālama i kona inoa i loko o ka hoomanao ana o ka hanauna e hiki mai.

Service i loko o ka hoolimalima hao wale

Peresvetov Ivan Semenovich i kekahi kanaka maoli o Lituania aina, a me ka hiki adulthood, lilo iho la oia i ka 'oihana koa. O na palapala elua, i kākauʻia e ia i loko o ka inoa o Ivan ka weliweli, ka mea, ua ike ia ma ka hopena o twenties o ka XVI kenekulia,ʻo ia, a me ka pūʻulu o Polish nā aliʻi i mālama ai i loko o ka Hunakalia kaua o King Jan hoʻopiha i loko. Apparently, ua e kamailio ana i ka hana hoolimalima, no laila, he pono ole i ia mau lā.

Provoevav ma lalo o ka hae hoʻopiha i loko o kekahi mau makahiki, Ivan hele aku la i loko o ka hana ana o kona mau hoa mokomoko, - ka Czech mō'ī Ferdinand I o Habsburg. Ke kumu o ua loli ma ke kulekele o ke Polish King Sigismund I, he kumuhana no i ua Ivan Peresvetov. Ma hope o kekahi pōkole manawa hoʻopaʻi Ua kiola aku la ia ia i loko o ke kaua Moldavian haku Peter IV, ia i komo ia me ka mea i loko o kekahi mau paipai aʻo kai eʻe.

Ma ka mana o ka bureaucracy Boyar

Eia, i loko o kona palapala hoopii, i mai la oia ia ia ma ka hopena o ke kanakolu, i hele mai i ke kulanakauhale nui, o Moscow. Aiaʻo ia i kauohaia mai ai e hoolako i kau aku i ka poe kaua? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka hakakā nā pale kaua, akā, i kēia papahana hoao ia e Kekūhaupiʻo no i ka hewa o na boyars nana i hana ana i ka rula ana waiwai i loko o ke aupuni. Paha ka mea, pilipu iho ai aloha i ko lakou mau naau bureaucracy, a waleʻaihue i ke kala, akā, wale noho iho la Ivan Peresvetov i hana, akā, ikaika kaua - me ka pale kaua.

Once ma Moscow a koke alo me detrimental i ka moku'āina hoike ana o ka kipi mana Boyar, oia e kumakaia i ka hohonu comprehension o na mea a pau ike a me ka ho'āʻo ana e imi mau aoao, e ke hoʻoponopono pilikia. Kona Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo Eʻo ia nā pūʻulu mai ma ka pepa i loko o ka palapala o ka hoopii, a e waiho i ka poe alii iho la oia i ka aina ma ka aoao o ka laila keiki Tsar Ivan IV. Akā, ka mea i loko o ka mana i ka manawa i ole i manawa-kikowaena, mea, e hana i kona mau manao, a me na palapala i hoʻouna 'ia iā ia i hele aku unanswered.

Noʻonoʻo loi o Moscow boyars

Ivan Peresvetova mau hoopii o kēlā mau makahiki i i hiki iā mākou, aʻo ka mea ia lakou nae i ola, ua lōʻihi ua ninau aku. Wale noiʻiʻepekema o ka XX kenekulia ua hookupaa iho la ia i ko lakou authenticity. I kēia lā, ma ka hoʻolilo o na kakaolelo e hana Peresvetova, i kākau 'ia ma ka hope manawa, i ka wa a ka mea opiopio Ivan IV hiki i ka makahiki, hiki aku la ia ia, e alii ai maluna o ka aina ma luna o lākou iho. Ua pili ia i ka pau ana o na forties ka XVI kenekulia. Kākau i ka palapala, ai ''āina hoʻoili kikowaena mau hoiliili ole - loa, a kāpili Edition.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE maʻiʻo o na hana o Ivan Peresvetova somehow hoemi ia i ka pahikaua noʻonoʻo loi o kiekie ae aliʻi, denouncing i kona nele o nā kumu a me ka pono ka palaho, i ka hopena o ka i i perpetrated he ākea ka hewa. He huli kū'ē mai ana ia "ʻilihune, akā, koa voinnikov". Ia mea he ana kanaka, lakou i ke kākoʻo oiaio o ka moku'āina. Social a philosophical manaʻo o Ivan Peresvetova pili kēia like e hoʻolaha haʻahaʻa papa o feudal haku - ka hanohano. Ma ia, oia expresses oia ia ia iho me he ideologue o Muscovite autocracy. A ula pae holoʻokoʻa ma nā mea a pau i kana mau palapala mai ka theme like o ka pono no "ka formidable imperial mana."

Kaʻenemi enslavement a me kēia kēnā

Naʻe, i loko o nā hana o Ivan Peresvetova pinepine hōʻike manaʻo i mea incompatible me ka walaʻauʻana me nā loina o ka moku'āina'ōnaehana o ia au. Nui wahi i loko o ia mea no ka hoohewaia ana o nā ano o kēia kēnā a me enslavement o ka lalo strata o ke kaiāulu. Palapala like me ka papa kuhikuhi i kekahi manaʻo hoʻopiʻi haawi i ka olelo Mea Paipala i kanaka a pau, nānā 'ole o ko lākou mau kumu' ole 'ē - o "na keiki a Adamu", a nolaila, pono ole ke komo ikaika nawaliwali. E like me ia, o kela mea keia enslavement ia lŘlŘ diabolō ma hope.

I ka manaʻo nui i hoike ia ma kana mau palapala, he unusually wiwo a me ka hiki ole aka, e ho'āla i ka inaina o ka hoa paio. No ka laʻana, Ivan Peresvetov koi i nä oiaio a me ka pono ma luna o haipule manaoio. Oia ka hoʻohālike iā ia i ka nui loa o ka clergy. Akā, Moscow State auwe, oia wehewehe ka mea, ua i ka nele o ka oiaio, a no laila, wiwo hoʻokiʻekiʻeʻia ma luna o nā mea a pau uhane nā loina.

kōkua Emperor

I ko lakou mau hoopii, hoouna Ivanu Groznomu i loko o ke au ia ia i ua paa i ka mana i loko o nā lima Peresvetov i ke ku okoa ana, e haawi aku i aʻo ai i ka mō'ī i ka kālai'āina o ka aina. Pehea weliweli ke aliʻi manaoia mea pono ia e alakaʻi ana iā lākou, ua hala aku ke kumuhana o ka 'epekema hoopaapaa i loko o ka XIX kenekulia. Ma 'ana, ke kākau moʻolelo kaulana Karamzin hukihuki lakou i ka noonoo ana i ka mea nui o ka mea Peresvetov kakau iho la, i loaa i ka maoli' ia i loko o ke alii ka pilikino E pili ana, akā, inā paha ka mea, ua he coincidence a me ka mō'ī 'aʻole i hoʻowahāwahā maila i ka manao o ke kamaaina wau, e waiho ana no he mea pohihihi.

Ua hiki e ia manaʻo ma ka hana o ka naʻi aupuni o Kazan aupuni, ka hoʻokō 'ia ma 1552. Ka mea i Peresvetov ma kana mau palapala,ʻikeʻia me ka ardent kākoʻo iā ia, no ke kaua e kū'ē i ka Tatars a maoli i kākau e pili ana i ka pono, e ka Haku i ko lakou kapikala. Akā, ke i aku nei au ia Ivan Grozny i ke kuleana kai eʻe 'ole ma kona mau hoopii, makemake e kekahi poʻe noʻonoʻoʻole. Kaua me ke Kazan aupuni i alakaʻi mai ka hoomaka ana mai o ke XV kenekulia, a malia paha ia i kaʻilihune o ka hope o kēia mau hoopii.

He pū nō controversial kūlana ma ka ke kaha kiʻiʻana o Peresvetova i ka 1550 Sudebnik - he lākou o ka moku'āina kanawai ma Rusia. I ka manaʻo o ka pono o ka honua nei, ua pinepine i loaʻa i loko o ka palapala, akā, ua hookomo ia ma ka ola o ka mō'ī ka mea, ua he iki okoa.

hele aku la i ka philosophical manaʻo o Ivan Peresvetova ka like ana o nā kanaka mua o ke Akua, a me ka inadmissibility o enslavement e kū'ē i ke aliʻi ka kulekele, a me ka mea hoʻi i loko o Sudebnik kona kānāwai i ole e pāpā aku i ka enslavement o ke kanaka ma ka ke kanaka, akā, hooponopono wale nō i kēia kaʻina.

Boyarsky ke keiki - he hoa paio o ke kauā

Ma ke ala, ma kā lākou mau olelo e pili ana i ka inadmissibility o ka hoʻopiʻi kū'ē 'ana i loko o Singles poe kauwa Peresvetov ua ole wale. Ma ka mōʻaukala o Rusia iloko o ka inoa o kekahi hoa paio o ka hoʻoluhi - Matveya Bashkina. Keia Boyarsky ke keiki haʻi malicious heretic e hai ana oihana mea ole muli, a me ka hooko ana i kekahi mau hana ma luna o ka mohai manawa. I kona kāʻei, e e kona poe a pau serfs, luku palapala i hoʻokumu iā lākou, a me ka hoʻokuapaʻa powerless kaiapili kūlana.

Aʻano o ka palapala, ai 'ano i loko o nā hana Peresvetova

Ka palapala, ai kia hoʻomanaʻo i pili i ka peni o Ivan Peresvetova, ua loa like ma ka ano. Inā mākou e'ōlelo aku e pili ana i ka luna-i oleloia uuku a nui ae noi, i ka mua o ia mea maoli i ka palapala hoopii - he noi i ke alii ma ka mea e loaʻa ai kekahi pōkole-manawa i nā hualoaʻa. Ma keia hihia, ka mea, ua he noi no ke kōkua ma ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o Panel no ka poe koa. Inā mākou e huli i ka Big hoopii, ia mea,ʻaʻole paʻakikī e hoailona oukou i keia palapala mea o ka okoa mea. Mua mākou ikeia wehe ana kālai'āina hoonoho, ua mamao-hiki KUMUMANAʻO NUI pahu hopu.

Muli o kona kulana okoa i loko o kona palapala, ai 'ano mea e na hana me "The Legend o Magmet-Saltan" a me "ka nui o Tsar Constantine". Ma mua kilohi, ka mea, ua pau nā hiʻona o nā moʻolelo i kākau i loko o ka moʻolelo kaila, akā, ma luna o ka pilina nana ka mea, i akaka ia ia meaʻoi journalistic hana e puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi hewa ua, he pono ole i ka hui, he enemi a ua Ivan Peresvetov. Kona mau manaʻo i loaʻa i loko o kēia mau novels palapala a me ka loa noʻeau hōʻike. Ma na aoao ka mea, i mua o ko lākou manawa.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE maʻiʻo o na hana o Ivan Peresvetova mea, e noonoo i ka ike maopopo a kuhikuhi kona mā. Ma keia aa koko, ka mea kākau criticizes ka Byzantine Emperor Constantine, ka mea i lilo i kuleana no ka mea i ka manawa hookahi'āina ikaika loa, e lilo ana i waiwai pio i ke kuko, a kolohe courtiers, hooweliweli, a haule iho la luahi Magmet-Saltan. Aiaʻae nō hoʻi i loko o ka naau Suletana Muhammed II, ka naʻi aupuni o Constantinople i ka 1453. Ua i kekahi ano o ke aoʻana e pili ana i ka hopena o ka aina kipi arbitrariness o kona poe alii.

Hopena o ke ola, i hūnāʻia no nā kenekulia

Ua uaʻAʻole iʻikeʻia ka wā a ma lalo o ka kumu, hala aku la Ivan Peresvetov. Kona Kawaihae he aneane i pōhaku puna ike. Kekahi hiki wale kuhi ana ia i aneane pau i kona honua ka heleʻana i loko o ka maluhia a me ka noho malie - ua nui loaʻia maila lākou seditious manaʻo. He ua kahiko o ka'āina hoʻopaʻaʻia e ka mea i loko o mahope makahiki Peresvetova inoa ikaika uhi pū no ka lōʻihi manawa, a ua ma oblivion. Oia nei ka hailona o nā mea a pau i mea ole makau i ka hai aku i ka oiaio, i loko o ka maka o na mana e ia.