Ka Honua ka magnetosphere: i ka hopena o ka loli. Honua ka mawaho iwi

Magnetosphere envelops kekahi kino me kaʻume mākenēki kahua. Ua lŘlŘ aie i ka mea i (particles) me ka 'āhewa' ana deviate, mai ka laina mua o ka noi ma lalo o ka aoao o ka mea maloko magnetism. A hālāwai wahi no ka poe ikehu, a me kaʻume mākenēki kahua paha ke i ka wai kokoʻili lahilahi e uhi ana i ka magnetosphere.

Kanawai o ka la a hiki i ka honua

Ka lā kī ana nui dala o ka ikehu, i ua mau hoʻonui, "evaporates" waho. Kēia? Anoe? Ua kapaia ka poe makani.

Ka ikehu lā makani kŰlń ao ma kekahi ala e hiki aku, e hoopiha mai ana i ka interplanetary a puni. No keia mea, i loko o ka interstellar wai koko kahua māhele 'āina ua hana, a ua kapaia ka poe makani wai koko.

Ka ikehu lā wai koko höʻike spirally, me ka awelika o ka 4 lā lanakila i ka wā mawaena ma waena o ka la, a me ka honua.

Sun ke hookuu aku oia i ka ikehu ma i ke ola ma ka Honua. Naʻe, i ka lā i hele mai a me ka weliweli pāhawewe, luku i nā mea ola ma luna o mākou Honua. A hiki i ke noi ana o ka Honua a puni ka la pāhawewe ua ole kōā kaulike haawi ma ka makahiki. No keia kumu, hoʻololi 'kau.

Mea i malama i ka Honua?

Ka maoli 'ole o ka Honua Honua i malama mai nā palapala pāhawewe lā ia. Honua Ua hoʻopuniʻia e kekahi mau leho:

• magnetosphere mea i malama i ka pāhawewe lā koko;
• ionosphere, o ke kemu X-kukuna a me ka ultraviolet pāhawewe;
• 'okikene kolu constraint koena dala o ultraviolet pāhawewe.

E like me ka hopena, i ka Honua i ka biosphere (ka kaianoho koholā o ola meaola) ua pau hoomaluia.

Ka Honua ka magnetosphere - ka aiiay, ahu iho, i ka outermost Honua. He He'ākeʻakeʻa mai i ka poe makani wai koko. No keia kumu, i ka la wai koko kahe ana a puni ka Honua, ho okumu i ka cavernous ho okumu ma i ua hūnāʻia i ka geomagnetic kahua.

No ke aha la he mea kekahiʻume mākenēki kahua?

Kumu o ka honua Magnetism nalo maloko Honua. E like me uaʻike e pili ana i ka 'ole o ka Honua Honua, ka mea, he o:

• kāna mau 'ōlelo;
• aahu;
• Honua ka pńpa.

A puni ke ao nei, aia nō keʻano o nā mahinaʻai, a me ka gravitational a me kaʻume mākenēki. Umekaumaha i loko o kona simplest ano o ka attraction o ka honua, no ka mea a pau mea (particles).

Honua ka magnetism o kaʻike manaʻo e hana ma luna o nā palena o ka Kora naʻEsau, a me ka aahu. Ka Honua ia - ia mea he nui Mākēneki, uniformly magnetized poepoe.

Ke kumu o nā mea a pauʻume mākenēki mahinaʻai i ka pilaʻikena a koʻikoʻi magnetization. Epekema 'ole i loko o ka pilikia o ko ka Honua ka magnetism, loaʻa mai:

• ke kumu noʻume mākenēki attraction o ka Honua;
• hookupaa kamaʻilio ma waena o ka honua magnetism a me kona kumu;
• ho oholo i ka puunaue a me ka olelo o kaʻume mākenēki kula ma luna o ka Honua.

Kēia mau haʻawina e lawe mai ma ka mea o kaʻume mākenēki ana e like me ma kilo pele - kūikawā heluʻai i loko o kekahi mau mea o ka poepoe honua.

Pehea e holo ai ka magnetosphere?

Design, a? Ieoaeunoai o ka magnetosphere i hua mai la:

• ka poe makani;
• ano honua kahi magnetism.

Ka poe makani - he wai koko ia auoiaea ua haawi mai ka Sun ma nāʻaoʻao. Ka makani ka mämä holo i ka ili o 300-800 km / mau. Ua piha ka poe makani me protons, electrons, alpha (particles), a ua wehewehe aku ma ka quasi-'ākilikai. Ka poe makani ua hāʻawi me ka poe magnetism moveable wai koko loa mamao.

Ka Honua ka magnetosphere Ua huikau lua. i piha i kona wahi me ka wai koko keʻano o ka hanaʻana, i mea o ka nui huna hoʻonui maomeka. Ma kaʻaoʻao lā o ka nahā i, mai ka piko o ka Honua a hiki i ka palena hoʻoholo 'ia e ka ikaika o ka poe makani a me ka hiki ke hiki 60 i 70 tausani kilomika, i mea like me ka ke kahahńnai o ka Honua 10-12 Re. Re mea like i ka 6371 km.

Magnetosphere palena oko ma luna o ka wahi e pili ana i ka lā. Oia ka mokuna ma kaʻaoʻao lā o ka palapala i like i ka iwi. Kona He kokekau wale mamao o 15 Re. Me ka pouliʻaoʻao magnetosphere i ke ano o ka paukūʻolokaʻa huelo, kona kahahńnai o 20-25 Re, lōʻihi 200 Re, pau IKE OLE IA.

Ma ka magnetosphere, he mau wahi me ka kiʻekiʻe-ikehu (particles), e kapaia ka mea, "pāhawewe kāʻei". Magnetosphere hiki no i hāpai 'okoʻa oscillation mea wale i kekahi kumu o ka pāhawewe, hapa o i ke komo iloko o ka Honua.

Ka wai koko seeps i loko o ka magnetosphereʻanuʻu ma waena o kāna moʻolelo ka magnetopause - Polar cusps, a me kekahi manawa, eʻike manaʻo hydro a me instabilities.

Activity o kaʻume mākenēki kahua

Ka Honua ka magnetosphere e loli ai i ka geomagnetic haʻawina, geomagneticʻino a me nā substorms.

Ua i malama ma ka Honua ola. Ole ia, ola makemake oki. E like me kānakaʻepekema, ua hala aku la i ka moana o Mars a me kona lewa i loko o ka lewa no a hiki i ka aoao o ka poe makani unhidden. Like Venusa a me ka wai i puhi i loko o ka lewa poe koko.

Ke magnetosphere Ua hoi he Dia, Uranus, Saturn a me Neptune. Mars a me Mercury kaʻume mākenēki iwi mailuilu haalele. Venusa mea hana ole, a me ka poe makani mālama i Makuakane aie i ka ionosphere.

hiʻona kahua

I ka papa kuhikuhiE waiwai o kaʻume mākenēki kula - keia hoʻopilikia. ʻume mākenēki pinepine '- mea he maʻi lele a pau. Ka kaʻume mākenēki ke kahua ua poe e laina o ka poe ikaika no lakou tangential iā ia, e hōʻike i ka olelo o ka maʻi lele o ka hoʻopilikia.

Keʻume mākenēki kahua i loko o kēia mau lā, he 0.5 Oe paha 0,1 A / m. ʻepekemaʻae fluctuations i loko o ka waiwai o ka mea i hala. Akā, i ka hope 2-3.5 ieeeea makahiki, ka geomagnetic ke kahua i ole loli.

Point ma ka Honua, ma ka hoʻopilikia ua kuhikuhi hoʻopapakū, ua kapaiaʻume mākenēki auamo. Ma ko lakou mau aina elua:

• North;
• Hema.

Ma na auamo elua hele pololei -ʻume mākenēki iho (axis). Circle, Aia p ÷ haku i ka iho (axis), - heʻume mākenēki equator. Ke kahua ikaika ma ka (equator), papamoe.

Kaʻume mākenēki auamo

Kaʻume mākenēki auamo mai i hoʻopili like i ka mau Leeuwerikplein. Geographic auamo i aia ma luna o ka Geographic (axis) a i ka Honua ke ka ao. A hiki i ke noi ana o ka Honua a puni o ka lā, i ka olelo ana o ka honua i ka iho (axis) ua malamaia no.

Panana pua hōʻike like kaʻume mākenēki North Pole. Kaʻume mākenēki pele ana fluctuations o kaʻume mākenēki kula i ka lā, i kekahi o ia i komo i loko o nā lua, e kaha.

Mai ka North Pole a hiki i ke kūkulu hema kekahi,ʻume mākenēki meridians. Ka huina ma waena o kaʻume mākenēki a me ka Geographic Melekiana ua kapaia kaʻume mākenēki declination. I kekahi wahi ma ka Honua i kona huina iho o ka declination.

Ma ka equator pua Mākēneki ua loaa horizontally. I ka neʻe maila i ke kihi akau o ke keena pua ke kome ia. Ka huina ma waena o nā pua, a me ka papamoe ili - heʻume mākenēki inclination. Ma ka mahinaʻai mauʻauamo, a me ka nui inclination ka 90 degere.

E neʻeʻume mākenēki mahinaʻai

Me ka hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha o kaʻume mākenēki auamo ua loli ma manawa.

Initially, Ua wehe i kaʻume mākenēki kaupoku i ka makahiki 1831, a laila ka mea, i ke aupuni 'haneri o kilomika aku, mai kaʻikena wahi. He kokekau wale loihi o ka neʻe 'no ka makahiki - 15 ei.

Ma nā makahiki, ka uku o ka holo ana o kaʻume mākenēki auamo maoli. North Pole ua hele i ka mämä holo o 40 ei no ka makahiki.

Pūʻaliʻume mākenēki mahinaʻai

Ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻololi i ka polarity i loko o ke ao nei ua kapaia he hahana. ʻepekema ike no ma ka liʻiliʻi loa e pili ana 100 ka wā o ka geomagnetic ke kahua nana e hoole kona polarity.

Ua Ua manaoio ia hahana ia lŘlŘ na 11-12 tausani makahiki. Other wale nō i kapaia 13, 500, a he 780 000 makahiki. Paha hahanaʻAʻohe maopopo periodicity. ʻepekema, i ka mua hahana ola ma ka Honua i koe.

People e ninau, "A e kali no ka mea e hiki mai ana reversal"

pohupani hale o ka auamo kahua i wahi iloko o ka hope kenekulia. Ka South Pole ua manawa aia i loko o ka moana Indian, a me ke kukulu akau ua 'oni iki ma ka Arctic Ocean ma Siberia. Kaʻume mākenēki kahua kokoke i kaʻauamo ma ka ia manawa hoʻonāwaliwali. Emi hoʻopilikia.

Loa paha, ka mea e hiki mai ana hahana o ke ola ma ka Honua, e hoʻomau. Ke ninau wale nō mea, ma ka waiwai e lilo aku. Inā ia lŘlŘ hahana me ka ia'na ma ka Honua ka magnetosphere no ka pōkole manawa, ka mea hiki e loa weliweli no ka manaʻo kanaka. Unprotected Honua he kūlana loli cosmic kukuna. Eia kekahi, i ka emi ana o ka'okikene kolu, ahu iho hiki no hoi ia i ka nui p ÷ ino.

Hoʻololi i nāʻauamo ma ka lā, i mai ai i ka 2001, ua i alakai i ka shutdown o konaʻume mākenēki, ahu iho. E he like ha i ma ka Honua, kńnaka mai e ike.

Ke perturbation o ka magnetosphere o ka honua: ka hopena ma luna o kanaka

I ka initially e nee mai ana i ka poe wai koko ke magnetosphere ihoiho. Akā, o Nyos wai koko permeability poho aicieeaaoʻume mākenēki iwi ma lalo o kekahi mau kumu. Ka ikehu lā wai koko a me kona ikehu komo i loko o ka magnetosphere. I pili i ka uku o ka inflow o ka ikaika lua i pele, eia ekolu Lolina o ka magnetosphere pane:

1. Laʻi moku'āina o ka magnetosphere - ka iwi 'aʻole e hoʻololi i kona kūlana me ka uku o ka ikehu neʻe ka loa ka nui a me ka ewaewa ole i ka waiwai o ka dissipated ikehu i loko o kaʻume mākenēki kula.
2. Kaʻume mākenēki substorm. Ana e ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka hihia ma ka uku ana i hoʻopā ai ka ikehu dissipation ana ma luna o ka wahi a me ka hapa o ka ikehu No ka Pakele mai ka magnetosphere wahi, i kapaia o substorm. Ke kaʻina ninoieo i ka ho opa loa magnetospheric ikehu. Ka brightest o kona personification - holaKahua. Hoʻomehana honua oi ikehu kānāwai maʻanuʻu o 3 hola he Polar mau mea o nā hemispheres.
3. Aʻume mākenēki ino - mea he kaʻina ikaika kahua hana maʻamau aie i ka uku kiʻekiʻe o ka ikehu hakahaka externally. Keʻume mākenēki kahua Ua hoʻololi, a ma ka lalo, i loko o ka wahi o ka equator.

Ka honua kaʻume mākenēki kahua ma substorms loli aʻe nā Tuamotu a me ka manawaʻino i global loli. Ma kekahi hihia, i kēia mau loli e ole e hiki mai oi ma mua o kekahi mau pakeneka, i mea nui i emiʻanoʻenehana kihapai.

Medicine manaoio i kaʻume mākenēki makani ino mai ai he kūlana maikaʻiʻole kanaka ola. I loko o kēia wā, he ulu ka helu o nā mea maʻi e loaa ana mai ka mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko mai, kaumaha a me nā neuropsychiatric kāna hana.

Ke kūlana o ko ka Honua mau magnetosphere i loko o nā mea a pau Geographic keʻano o ka hanaʻana ma luna o ka Honua. Kēia aiiay ka penaʻana i malama i ka Honua, mai na noho lakou malaila keʻano o ka hanaʻana, a ololi i ka nana ana. Ma lalo o ka aoao o ka loli ma ka magnetosphere o ko ke ao nei i climatic hiʻona, ano o ka holoholona neoneo a me ka mea kanu, a me ka oi hoʻololi.