Ka ikehu pūnao

Pūnao - mea he nui ke keʻena o ke kino ka nui i hana '. Ua nā mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Ikehu pūnao komo ai cleavage o ke aloha 'ona a me ka Nine Inch hui hoʻokuʻu ikehu a me ka pili' o Randy. Ua Uaʻike i ka mea hou e auaaeaiea ua i kekahi i loko o ka palapala o ka wela. Kekahi hapa ua hoana e ATP nā lātoma.

Kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o ka ikehu pūnao i loko o na holoholona

Ka mua ke kahua - e hoomakaukau ai. Ikehu pūnao hoʻomaka me ka ai anal i loko o ke kanaka kino a me ka holoholona i loko o ka palapala o ka luna 'macromolecular hehee wale. Ma mua o komo, o ka make ana o kēia mau haʻahaʻa hakakino kaumaha i huiʻia ma nā'aʻaʻa a me nā keena.

Hydrolytic cleavage o ke aloha 'ona ua lawe mai i ke komo ana o ka wai. Kēia kaʻina hana i wahi i loko o ka digestive'āpana (multicellular), ma ke kelepona hele pae (i loko o lysosomes) i loko o ka digestive vacuoles (unicellular) ma lalo o ka aoao o kekahi mau nā'ūhū.

Nā polokina i kānaka a me nā holoholona i hoʻohioloʻia i loko o ka'ōpū a me ka duodenum e'amino nāʻakika. Kēia kaʻina hana i wahi ma lalo o ka aoao o ka peptidgidrolaz (chymotrypsin, trypsin, pepsin). ʻO ka moʻolelo o ka lua hoʻomaka i ke kaʻina hana o ka splitting polysaccharides. Kēia'ūhū mea ke komo pū o ptyalin. E möakäka hou cleavage o polysaccharides ia lŘlŘ ma lalo o ka aoao o ka amylase i loko o ka duodenum. Eia hele mai i ka hālāwai hope o nā bipi kūpaluʻia. Kēia kaʻina e loli ai i ka lipase. Ka ikaika i ua hoʻokuʻu laila māhele aku i loko o ka palapala o ka wela.

Ikehu pūnao komo ai haawi o'aiaola eiiiiiaiou i loko o ko lākou koko, a me ka halihali ana i nā mea a pau keena a me nā loko. Ma na keena e komo 'ana i loko o ka cytoplasm a he lysosome. Inā e wāwahi 'ona i loko o lysosomes ma ke kelepona hele kiʻekiʻe, ka mea, haawi koke i loko o ka cytoplasm. Kēia ka anu u komo ai i ka makaukau ana o ka hui a hiki i ka intracellular hoʻololi iho.

Ma ka lua o ka ikehu ke kahua pūnao ho anoxic'okesaside. Keʻano o ka hanaʻana, ke'ōlelo mai i hoʻomaka ai me ka komo o ka oxygen, ma ke kelepona hele kiʻekiʻe. 'okesaside i wahi i loko o ka halepaahao cytoplasm. Kekahi o ka ua ki hehee wale, e hoʻopaʻa i ka ikehu e loaa hou, ka monakō koko. Other ke aloha i huiia ('aminoʻakika, glycerol, momoma nāʻakika) e komo i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka hou 'ana ma kekahi kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao.

Ke splitting o ka monakō koko ole o oxygen ua kapaia glycolysis. Kēia hui undergoes mau ka mea i hahai ana ka mea mamuli o kekahi loli '. Mua, he mea kona hoohuliia ana i loko o fructose. Monakō koko fosfoliruetsya - ho'ā 'ia ma nā nā lātoma o ATP, haliu ae la ia i loko o fructose-diphosphate. Kēia kahua nāwaliwali aʻela kalapona hexahydric lātoma i loko o nā ekolu-kalapona nā lātoma glycerophosphate. E like me ka hopena o kekahi mau reactions o ka'okesaside ia lŘlŘ. Ke'ōlelo mai nā lātoma lilo aku mau hydrogen nā'ātoma, huli e ho'ōla i ka lātoma o pyruvicʻakika. I ka hopena o kēia mau reactions ua synthesized eha nā lātoma o ATP. Like no ka loiloi mua ho'ā hope o nā monakō koko nā lātoma o ATP i ia, i mau 2ATF e ho'ōla hana. Hookuu, pela ma ka disintegration o monakō koko ikehu ka hapa 'ia' LIKE a me ka hapa, kuu ia ma keʻano o ka wela.

Ma ke kolu o ke kahua, na ka hanu nā (liluwelo'okesaside). Kēia ka anu u He hiki wale nō ma lalo o ka aoao o ka oxygen. Ma keia manao, ka mea, ua kapaia o ka oxygen. Kēia kaʻina hana i wahi i loko o ka mitochondria.

Ma kekahi mau hua'ōlelo (ka papa kuhikuhiE) mail ikehu koina (ma ka awelika) no ka makua mea e pili ana i 24 kcal / kg / lā. Ma ka helu ana i ka awelike kanaka ma luna o kekahi i kela la hokii o 1500 kcal no ka wahine, a ma kahi o 1700 kcal no na kanaka. Ma nā mea maʻi me ka okoa holoʻokoʻa pathology ka ikehu koi no ka lā ke ala mau i ka ekolu manawa.