Ka popopo nā mea kūpale. ka popopo hoomalu ki ina hana like

Kēlā me kēia makahiki, e pili ana i kekahi hapa o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia hua mai i loko o ke ao nei, ua lilo ma muli o ka ulu a me ka popopo keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Koina pili i ka hoʻoponopono a me ka hope o ka pono a me ka launa pu ana o Nine Inch mea kanu, pinepine kekahi mau manawa ma luna ma mua o ka lilo o ka pono, i i pono ai no kā lākou hana. Ka popopo ua kapaia noho'na makaainana i ulu disintegration o ke hooheheeia, a oka a pau ma lalo o ka aoao o ke kaiapuni. Eia naʻe, e hiki hoʻopale 'mai kēia mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Aia nāʻaoʻao likeʻole, e hoomalu aku i ka popopo, e like me ka hopena. Ma ke kahua o Nine Inch? Iecaianoaaiiuo ka loa e like me ka ano o ka popopo, he kinoea, ka lewa a me ka electrochemical.

mai kulana home 'ole

E koho i kekahi papa hana no ke kaōhiʻana i loko o keia hihia hilinaʻi nui ole wale ma luna o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia hiʻona, akā, no hoi ma ka pae'ōnaehana ana. Ki ina hana like o ka 'ohana ka palekana ka popopo e koho e like me kekahi mau aʻe, akā naʻe, a he mea pinepine ka helu o ka pilikia. A mau pilikia ua pili i ke koho no ka nunui-ke keʻena meakino me kiko'î i lauwili ma ke kaʻina. Ma ka Nine Inch hana ia mea he pono ole. Nā Papahana O ka palekana i ka popopo i ka i lawelawe i ka hana, i puunaueia ma keʻano o ko lākou waiwai ma luna o ka papa, a me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia.

Hopena ma luna o ke kaiapuni

ʻO loko o ka Middle Ages, iʻikeʻia ka mea kūikawā waiwai i i wahahee ma ka mea kŘpa a uuku e ae e emi i ka aggressiveness o ka corrosive kaiapuni. No keia mea, ka mea i hoʻoholo e hoʻohana mea kāhinu, kēpau, a starches. Over o ka wā i hala, ua nui a oi ka popopo nā mea kūpale. Ma ka manawa, Rusia wale ke helu ōlaʻi i o Manufacturers. Nā mea kūpale o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia ka popopo i laha ma muli o kā lākou i affordable kumukuai. Ka mea, i loa mana i loko o nenoai kahi mea he ikaika a me ka uuku i hōʻano hou ka leo o ka corrosive meakino, no ka laʻana i loko o poʻina nalu, Reservoir, anuanu maila 'nenoai, ieoaeunoai a me nā Nine Inch naehana.

waiwai

Ka popopo nā mea kūpale i ia o ke aloha a me ka'okanikaʻole ano. Ka mea hiki ke palekana mai ka waiū a hiki i ke kinowai a me ke kinoea waiū. Ka popopo nā mea kūpale i loko o kaʻaila kā hana ma ka hapanui o na hihia i pili me ka inhibition o ka anodic a me cathodic electrochemical keʻano o ka hanaʻana hanaʻino i ke kahua o ka passivating a me aiiay films. 'Oe ke' ike i ka pā like ana o keia.

Anodic ka popopo nā mea kūpale i ka nānā 'ana passivation corroding anodic wahi i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia' ilikai, a i ke kumu o passivating inoa. Ma muli o ia oxidants mea maʻa mau hoʻohana'okanikaʻole nitrates, chromates a me molybdates. Ka mea, e hiki wawe ka hoemi i ka cathode surfaces, no ka i mea like i depolarizers, hoemi i ka mämä holo o ka hoʻololi o ka anode i loko o ka pāʻoihana na Ion o ka corroding metala.

Anode retarders noonoo i kekahi i huiʻia ka mea, i wehewehe aku ma ke alo o ka oxidative waiwai: polyphosphates, phosphates, paʻakai benzoate, silicates. Kā lākou hana i nā mea kūpale hōʻike wale nō i loko o ke alo o ka oxygen, a Radio ke kūlana o passivating hope paha. Mau waiwai alakai i ka adsorption o o oxygen ma luna o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia surfaces. Eia hou kekahi, ka mea i inhibition o anodic noho male 'kaʻina hana ku i ke kahua aiiay Film, a iloko o ka liilii wailana naoh nā huahana o ka inhibitor a me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia Ion hele i loko o pāʻoihana o.

hiʻona

Anodic ka popopo nā mea kūpale o ke hooheheeia hiki ke lawe i ka waeʻano o ka pilikia, no ka mea, ka mea, huli mai i moderators initiators luku kaʻina hana ma lalo o kekahi mau kumu. E pale ia, ia mea pono i ka ka popopo he nuʻa uaʻoi kona kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ia i ka mea a nā aliʻi e kāpae ua i hana passivation o anodic mau mea. passivating hope paha lehulehu e ole emi ma lalo o kekahi mau 'waiwai, ai ole i ka passivation i ole i hoʻomaka ai, a me ka mea e e kāpili. Ka hope koho He fraught me ka nui weliweli, no ka mea, ke kumu ka ho'ēmiʻana o ka anode luna, hoomahuahua i ka hohonu a me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia fracture ana i loko o ka poe liilii,'āpana.

koi

Ua huli mai i ka hiki i ka hoʻokō hoomalu i loko o ka hihia o ka anode, e malama i ka lehulehu o ka inhibitor ma luna o ka mea i kā mākou waiwai no nā mea a pau cii 'atikala a undergoes ka hoomalu ana. Kēia mau mea i nō ikepili koʻikoʻi i ka pH kiʻekiʻe o ka meakino. Ma ka hapanui o hoopii, e hoʻohana i ka wela poe kuai moni chromates a me nitrates, a e hoʻopale ai i ka paipu ili honua.

cathodic inhibitor

Ma aiiay 'ole o kēia mau waiwai i emi kona mana ma ka nane hea a hiki i ka anode. Lākou hopena ua ma muli o ka mea e kūloko alkalinization o ka meakino i nā hualoaʻa ma ka ho okumu ma ka cathode haʻawina insoluble huahana, i ka hapa hō'īpale o ka ili o ka pāʻoihana. Me na waiwai i hana, no ka laʻana, kalipuna bicarbonate, ka hoʻokuʻu 'he alkalized meakino paʻapuna like me ka precipitate, ia mea pilikia undergoing noho male' ana. Cathode ka popopo inhibitor, ka haku mele 'ana o ka i hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka' āina o ka pono, aole ia e alakai i ka nui ae luku keʻano o ka hanaʻana, a hiki i haʻahaʻa ka maʻiʻo.

? ueo

Ma'ākilikai Media me cathode a me anode nā mea kūpale pinepine hanaʻi 'okanikaʻole 'ona, akā, e hiki ia lakou ke kokua i ka ikaikaʻakika pāʻoihana mea. E like me retarders i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie kaʻina hoʻohana ke alohaʻakika waiwai nona nā lātoma apo ia i ho'ākāka 'ole Polar pūʻulu, no kekahi laʻana amines, thiourea, aldehydes, phenols a me kalepona paʻakai.

Ma keʻano papa hana o ka hana o ka ka popopo nā mea kūpale i okoa adsorption külana. Ma hope o adsorption i ka cathode paha anode wahi mea ikaika alalai mai i ka hookuuia ana o hydrogen Ion a me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia ionization naoh. I kekahi degere nui ka aiiay ia ua nānā 'ana i wela, lehulehu, heʻakika anion, a me hydrogen ion lehulehu. Ua pinepine i hoʻohuiʻia i loko o ka poe liilii, na mea, no ka mea, o ka aiiay hopena o ka helu o ke aloha i loko o nā mea kūpale kiʻekiʻe nā hoʻohui like hiki ia i mea weliweli.

No ka laʻana, ka mea ke aloha hui i kapaia "Penta-522" - neftevodorastvorimy. He hiki ia i keʻano o ka hoomalu ana i oi mamua o 90% ma ka uku o 15-25 nā huna no ke tona. Ka popopo inhibitor hua mai ma lalo o poʻomanaʻo, 'o "Aminkor" mark - he huina hoonui o ka esterification o carboxylic nāʻakika, i mea ole e yiaeaiiacaaeneiie,' aʻole i loaʻa i kaʻawaʻawa loa ala, nontoxic. Kona laʻau heluna ua nānā 'ma hope o ka mea hoʻonoho o ka nui o corrosiveness maoli meakino wale.

Waiwai ma luna o Metal

Kēia pūʻulu o ki ina hana like o ka hoomalu ana komo ai i ka hoʻohana 'ana o kekahiʻano o ka paleʻana. Kēia HW, mea hiki ke hooheheeia, laholio, a me nā ano. Ka mea, i pili i naʻano likeʻole: ma kaʻawa, electroplating, a me nā rubberizing. Oe ke ike kela mea keia mea o lakou.

Ma ka rubberizing olelo hoomaopopo ka popopo palekana ma ka laholio ka paleʻana i mea pinepine koi 'ia i loko o ka chlorine? Iecaianoaaiiie. Ua hoʻonuiʻia laholio hui Nine Inch kumupaʻa, a i ka palekana no nā ipu, tubs, e like me nā Nine Inch lako a pan, mai ka popopo a me ka popopo. Gumming He anu a me ka wela vulcanization kaʻina a ua lawe pīlali a me ka PTFE nā mea huihuina.

He nui ke ole wale koho, akā, no hoi i ka popopo inhibitor. Manufacturers pele i ka lawa maopopo alakaʻi ma luna o ka mea. Ma keia wahi, i hou i ka electroplating, he ikaika nui ala e kiʻi kiʻekiʻe-ka mämä holo o ka makana o kaʻawa. A me kona kōkua ke hoʻoponopono i ka laulā pae o ka hana. Ua hiki e pili ana i ka pauka lako no ka hana ka paleʻana me kekahi mau waiwai.

hoomalu lako a

Nāna e hoʻopuka i pili i ka 'ohana ka palekana o Nine Inch pono, ka loa kekahi, a no ia mea, he pono loa akahele noonoo. Ke koho ana o ka mea no ka hana kiʻekiʻe-e like ai ka paleʻana pono i Ka Ikepili o kaʻilikai moku'āina, haku mele 'ana o ka meakino, i ka pae'ōnaehana keia, ke degere o ka aggressiveness, a me nā ana wela ana. I kekahi manawa, "alodio mea" he mea he pilikia aiao, i complicates i ka maikai loa o ke 'ano o ka penaʻana, no ka laʻana, e kū nei, i kela mau mahina i ka propane pahu. Ia mea ke kumu o kela mea keiaʻano pākīkē 'ia pono koho o ka ho film mua a me ka eiiiiiaiou no na ka paleʻana i i wehewehe aku e ia'ku i na reactants.

kuee a haalele mai

Kilo'ōlelo aku nei au i ole e hoohalikeia hiki i kekahi i kekahi thermalʻawa ki ina hana like, a oi loa aku hoi i ka olelo i ka mea maikaʻi ma mua o ka mea 'ē aʻe kekahi o ia mau mea. Hana i kekahi o ia mau mea, ua kekahi mau pono a me keakea, a me ke kūpono ai ka paleʻana i waiwai i olelo ai i kā lākou hana, e hoʻoponopono i kekahi o kona mau hana. Ka e pono ai ka haku mele ', a pono e wehewehe aku ma ka ka popopo nā mea kūpale, a me kā lākou mau hana o ka palapala noi i koho i kaukaʻi ma luna o ka mau hihia.

Ke Nine Inch ulu hoʻi, i kēia iaoia ua loa pinepine hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka hooko ana mai? Aiiio. Oia hoi, ina e hoʻohana i kaʻakika ka popopo nā mea kūpale, ia mea pono e hoomakaukau mua i kaʻilikai ka pono o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia. Na wale ala e hōʻoia 'oe loaa i ka mea e like ai uhi. Ma mua o ka mea pololei noi o ka pena mea hiki ke hoʻohana inā he mālili me i loaʻa ua hoomakaukau ai kekahi 'ano hoʻonaninani ili.

O na makahiki hou aku, a nui hou? Acaeoey akaka ma ka kuai, a he mea nui i waeia. Eia naʻe, chemists e hoʻoholo i ka nui e pono - e alualu 'eleu palekana' lako a pan a me ka piha hope o nā mea a pau manao.