Kaua o Galicia i ka 1914 pokole. Hopena o ka Kalikia kaua

Ke kaua kaulana o Galicia ua hapa o ka Lūkini koa kai eʻe ma ka hoʻomaka o ka First World War. Ma kēia paena māhele kaua Komohana Hema Front me Austria-Hungary.

Ke kahua ma mua o ka hana

Ka First World War , hoomaka ae la me ka hoouka kaua ana o ka pilikia i ka poe kaua o ka Russian aupuni a pau i loko o ke komohana. Ke kaua wawahi mai koke, i loko o nā poo o ko ke ao nei a hiki i ka lā hope me ka manao e pale aku i ka hookahe koko. Aka hoi, o ka Austro-Hunakalia ultimatum i Serbia i hana ai kona hana, a me Rotehama II hoʻopuka i kekahi manifesto ma ka hoʻomaka o ke kaua. I ka malama mua o ka moho ka mea, ua i wale, pili kaua, akā, i launaʻole ma ka unahiʻole, i mobilization o civilians. Nā kauwa ka manaʻo aʻo, a hele aku la i ka mua o ka huakaʻi a me ka waihona.

Ma northbound Russian koa a hemo hoouka ma East Prussia - German panalaau. Ma ka hema o ke alii ka pūkaua ua i ka maka kekahi hoa paio - Austria-Hungary. Habsburg aupuni mō'ī ua malama pono Ally o Kelemania, a me ka manawa o ka poe o kēia mau'āina e kūlike o kā lākou mau hana ma luna o ka Romanov aupuni a pau.

Austria-Hungary ua he nui aupuni, ka mea, i waena o nā mea a pau, komo pū Galicia, Bukovina, a me Romania. kēia mau'āina a pau i kuli kihi o ke aupuni a pau. Western o ka poʻeʻEulopa ike kokoke i kekahi mea e pili ana i na kihi - no lākou ka noho i pau ai i loko o Pukapeka. Ka mea, ua ma laila, a ua he kaua o Galicia.

Lūkini ke keʻena luna

E 'alo me Austria ma July 1914 i koke hoʻokumu South-Western Front. Kēia KUMUMANAʻO NUI kuikahi komo pū kekahi mau puali o lakou. Ua lilo luna o ka mea kaua, Gen. Nikolai Ivanov. Iloko o na makahiki o ka oihana koa hana, a noho'ōleloʻole i ka helu o ka nui paipai aʻo kai eʻe - Russian-Turkish kaua ma Pulakalia, e like me ka Lūkini-Japanese kaua.

Kanaka o ka mau hiʻona i loaa kekahi henua. No ka laʻana, Anton Denikin, olelo no ia, e like me kekahi kanaka, mai i i lawa ka ike i ka papa kōnane. Ke Lūkini koa ua laha nānaina i i koi 'ia kā lākou mau successes a pau i luna i ka Luna o Staff Mihailu Alekseevu.

Ka hou ana o ka kaua

Ke Kaua o Galicia, e like me kekahi kaua i ke kaua, hoike mai la ia a pau i ke kula alaila koa mea wale OOAOAaXUEIE. Ka pūkaua nui i no alakaʻiʻia e nā kumu aponoia ma ka XIX kenekulia. Ia, aole ia i lawe i loko o ka nui o ka waiwai o ka houʻano o nā mea kaua - mea kaua a me ka mokulele. I ke kakahiaka nui XX kenekulia, o ka lio i mua lilo i kekahi mea o ka hala, a maopopo iho la i hōʻike i ka First World War. Kalikia ke kaua a me ka hookahe koko ana, ai ka weliweli o ka mea, ua loa unexpected no ka wā.

Shapkozakidatelskie naʻau i loko maluna ma ke Ewa o ke kaua i loko o nā koa o kēlāʻaoʻao a pau'āina - Germany, Rusia, France, etc. kēlā me kēia mana manaʻo i ka mea makemake e 'ano kokololio puʻe wale akula kēlā hele ana, e hoʻolilo i ka enemi ... No ka laʻana, ma Pelelina, ua pinepine Kuhikuhi 'ia e like me he kumu hoohalike o ke kaua Franco-Prussian o 1870-1871., I ka wa emi ma mua o ka makahiki i ka holoʻokoʻa Palani koa i make. I mea, a me ka Allies, a me ka Central mea mana o ke ehuehu o ka lōʻihi-makahiki debilitating pepehi.

Ole o ka olelo i loko o Polish

E noke i ke kaua i ole Galicia kaua me ia, akā, i ka pau hana, oia hoi o ka helu o nā kaua. Five Lūkini poe kaua, malalo o ka noho luna ana o Nikolai Ivanov, i lilo ai lākou i nā kiʻi ma luna o 5 August (kahiko kaila). Mau wahi i pili aku la i ko lakou mau aoao. Ma keia mua laula, he 500 kilomika. I ka loiloi mua AIM o ke kūpono 'i ka Liona, a me Kelemānia Lemberg.

Maheleia Army hele aku la i ko lakou mau aoao a hiki i ke komohana. Ka mua nui kaua i wahi ma ka Krasnikov, ka wā Antonio Salza 4 Army Uaʻalo me ka poe koa o Victor 1 Dunkley. Na Austrians i hao i ka hoʻokikina hao wale. Ma hope o ka lōʻihi, a paakiki kaua Salz kena i ka emi hope i ke kulanakauhale strategically nui o Lublin. Penei, ka Lūkini hoouka ma ka mua hapa Polish pilikia.

Aie i ka hoʻokō 'ole' ana ma ke kūkulu'ākau Ivanov i e hoolilo kekahi mau māheleʻana ma luna o ka pūhaka o ka hoʻokikina 1 o ka'Aukekulia kaua. Nāʻoihana kaʻa i chaotic külana. Ka mea, Ua huikau e ilihune alanui i loko o ka hōkaiʻia alo ciia. Lūkini poʻe hao wale, mai ke kumu mai hanaʻawa ma ke ākea wahi o ke kūpono '. A oiai o ka hana, a oi loa aku hoi ma hope o ia, keia tactic i ua nema aku.

Lūkini hele ma ke komohana

Inā ka tsarist koa i ka loaa a ma ke kūkulu'ākau, i ka Austrians nele i kikowaena ao ao. Ke kumu nui ke kaua i loko o ka māhele 'āina i wahi ma na kapakai o ke Gula Linden. Habsburg koa aku la lakou. August 21 Moe iho Lions 22 August - Galich. Na Austrians ho'āʻo e kaua aku i ka nui kulanakauhale. Kaumaha kaua e hele ana 50 kilomika, mai kēia mau noho. By September, i ka emi hope ana o ka poe koa Frantsa Iosifa ua ai disorganized mea ua nui e like me ka hoʻopuehu ai.

Ia manawa, ma ka Hikina Prussia, ua hoopuniia na kēia kanaka Kelemānia, a luku aku i ka poe koa Samsonov. Ke mau iho ua he pepehi anaʻia iā iho, hiki ole ke hali i ka hilahila. Ua hiki no i ka mea i loko o East Prussia Russian hoʻohanaʻia e hookaawale kaua elua. A ina kekahi ua lukuia, ka mea, ua manawa i pili ai i ka lua o ka kaua me ka Austrians, a haawi mai la i ka hou impetus i ke kūpono 'ana ma ka hema-komohana.

By September 13 i ka māhele 'āina holoʻokoʻa i noho ma ka Lūkini poʻe kaua. Pela i pau ai ke kaua o Galicia i ka 1914. A laila ma muli o ka hoʻopuniʻana Peremyshl na malama he nui, a ma ia i ke alo ma waena o nā mana mau stabilized ua ma kahi o 120 kilomika komohana o ke kulanakauhale.

waiwai

Ke kaua koko o Galicia, i ka hopena o ka i lilo akaka ma hope o ke kaua, ua hoike mai he piha hikiʻole o ka'Aukekulia kaua no ka kaua hana. Kēia ka ukuia i oaoieei-backwardness, ilihune aeuiiai ieaia? A me ka pololei ole ho o ka General Staff. Army corrodes mai o ka loko ma muli o a hiki i ka aina hoopaapaa. Ka mea i ka poe koa a pau,ʻaʻole wale na Austrians a me ka Hungarians, akā, me ka poeikohoia o ka Slavic kanaka. A o ka poe e noho ana i ka Czechs, Slovaks, Croats. He nui no ia i ua kūkulu i mea pilikia a hiki i ka Habsburg aupuni mō'ī, e manao ana i ko lakou mau aina noho. No laila, i loko o ka'Aukekulia koa, he pinepine hihia o ka mahuka, a me ka hoʻololi i kaʻaoʻao o Rusia. Slavs manaʻolana i ke alii i ole uhai wale ka Habsburgs, akā, i haawi i ke ku okoa ana o ko lakou mau aina.

O ka holo ana, ua manao ua i paʻa. A i waena o ka Czechs i ka hailona o royalists, ka poe i kaua me ka Allies pono mai ai i ka loa hopena. Eia hou, i ke kaua o Galicia, ma ka pōkole, i wahi i loko o ka 'ia ma ke kaua i pono hoʻomaka, a me ka waiwai ulia i ole i ku i ka noho maikaʻiʻana o ka kaua'āina.

Ke naoh o Germany a me Rusia

Hikiʻole i ka oukou pale ana i ka Austrians Rusia alakai aku ai i ka mea i na kēia kanaka Kelemānia i, e kōkua kona hema hoalauna. Ma ka Western Front, ma ke kaua i kekahi positional, hoomaka Kelemania, e hoolilo i ko lakou moku. ua lilo ia ana ka pololei, a me ka hana mau a hiki i ka hōʻailona o ka maluhia a me ka Soviet aupuni.

Ma Rusia aia no he patriotic fervor, hoomaikai ma aole hoi okana mai ana ka pilina i ke kaua o Galicia. Makahiki o ke kaua a pau nohona koa kākoʻo i ka mana aliʻi. A hiki aku i ke alo pani, a ma ka aina o ka oicyenoaaiiie ka hoʻoponopono ulia, i ka poʻe e noho lā ma ke aupuni a pau radically hoʻololi i kona manao e pili ana i ke kai eʻe.

poho o na aoao elua

Na Austrians nalowale 300 tausani pepehi a me ka hina i lalo, 100 tausani kanaka e noho ana ma ka noho pio ana. Ke aupuni hala i ka nalu o ka hou-mobilization, e somehow compensate no ka mea kūpono naha i loko o ke kaua. Lūkini ka pōʻino a pau no hoi nui. About 200 tausani kanaka i make ai hoehaia, kekahi 40.000 i lawe pio.

Kaua o Galicia (1914), i loko o pōkole, ka, weliweli a pau o ke kaua hōʻike i ka hou type. Hope ae hoʻolele mea kaua kānaka loaa ana o keia nā palapū, a i ole pilikia mua kahuaʻoki kino. Ka weliweli hopena o nā koa, alakai aku i ka hoʻomaka o ka propaganda kai eʻe i loko o Rusia, e hoala dala no aloha kekahi i kekahi kokua. Ma ka aina, ua wehe Ho 'Oponopono, kahi mālama i ka mea hou ia kakouv a oopa ia. A iki ma hope, no kaʻohana aliʻi kauoha i ka puka o ka Winter Palace he kūikawā haukapila, kahi ho'āpono poino veterans, a me ka poe mai o ka South-Western Front.