E pili ana i Pskov i Moscow (1510). Lūkini moʻolelo

I ka 1510, o ka ka piʻiʻana i wahi ma Pskov i Moscow. Kēia hanana i ka aoao maoli hopena o "Lūkini aina eʻohi" Luna makualii. Repubalika lilo kekahi hapa o ka hookahi lahui Lūkini moku'āina i ka noho alii ana o Vasily III.

Pskov-Moscow hoahanau

Ka mua kauoha hui 'ana o Pskov a me Moscow nō i ka hopena o ka XIV kenekulia. No laila, i ka 1380, i ke kaua o Kulikov, ma o ka poe kaua o Dmitry Donskoy i kekahi poe, i hoouna aku ai i ke kokua ana i ka akau o ka aina. Ua ho okumu i kauoha mai ai ma ka Prince Alana Olgerdovich. I kona abdicated i loko o 1399, ke keiki Dmitriya Donskogo, Basil I, i hele mai i ka olelo, e hoouna aku ia i ke kiaaina o Moscow. Kēia noi ua ae ia, a mahope mai o ka repubalika, a me ka na'lii a pau i loko o kokoke loa kālai'āina hui ana.

E pili ana i Pskov i Moscow i Ua gradual. Ma nā mea a pau i ka XV kenekulia ma waena o nā kūlanakauhale, e hooikaika oihana a me ka kalaiaina ano laulea. Naʻe, formally ka Lepupalika noho kuokoa. Moscow appointees, ka mea i hiki ai i ke kūkulu'ākau, i hoohiki ai, laulea i Pskov.

Kupa o ke kulanakauhale wale kekahi manawa, hele aku la i ka pololei kue i ka Luna Duke. Ua hiki i ka 1456, ka wā Basil II kaua aku me Novgorod. Lepupalika kākoʻo kona "nui ka hoahānau", akā, ua māheleʻia ka hui koa o ka mau aina Moscow lawe pu ana. Mahope, hou mai la Pskov boyars e uku hoʻomana i ka Kremlin, noi kala ana no kona hookuli ana.

E hooikaika ana aliʻi keiki

Palena kulanakauhale pono i ke kōkua o ka Luna Nui mākualiʻi o nā malihini he pilikia - kuhikuhi Lithuania. Ke alii o keia aina Vytautas palua haʻi kaua Pskov. Naʻe, i ka unification o ka Lūkini kaua pono i ka manawa, e kipakuia aku i ka enemi. Ua mea no ka mea, no ka pilikia o na 'uao ka piʻiʻana Pskov i Moscow ua inevitable.

I ka 1478, Grand Prince Ivan Iii hope hoʻonele Novgorod kuokoa. "Big ka hoahänau" Pskov, e like me ia i ka lawena, a politically, i waiho me ka hōʻailona o ko lākou ku okoa ana - i ke anaina kanaka bele. Ua hiki no i ka mea i ka kūloko aristocracy,ʻaʻole makemake e noho ma ka pio e noho, hele aku la i ka rapprochement me ka Polish-Lituania ke alii. Ivan Iii pono i keia hana o ke kipi, a hele aku la i Novgorod kaua.

E pili ana i Pskov i Moscow makemake ua hiki mai, a hiki mua aku, ina hele aku la na kanaka o ke kulanakauhale i kue me kona hoa. Akā, e kupaʻa i ka Luna Duke. Ivan III, no ka mea ua ka loa nui kanawai o kā lākou mau hana, i kona wa e ola ana iʻaʻole loaʻa pono ka olelo pretext e 'auʻai ka Kuokoa o ka hope paʻa o ka republican? Eia i loko o Rusia. Kēia ka nuʻukia a hina iho la ma na poohiwi o kana keiki - Vasily III, pomaikai ae la lakou i ka noho aliʻi i ka 1505.

Ka nui o Pskov

Ma ka hoʻomaka o ka XVI kenekulia au mai o pili disintegration o Rusia i loko o ka hala. makahiki he nui o ka noho alii ana o Basil III ua manaoia e e he Logical hoomau ana i ka noho alii o kona makua kāne - Ivan III. Ua nui ka luna ana pili i kou Power All New Lūkini aina, e pili ana i ka hoʻokahi lāhui kanaka-moku'āina. Kēia kaʻina ua hōʻeleu i aie i ka Polish-Lituania hoʻoweliweli 'ana i ke komohana, e like me ka pono me ka kŘpuna e poipu ana o ka Tatars ma ka hikina a me ka hema.

Pskov i ka manawa ua iʻono ai no kā lākou mau hoalauna. Ke kulanakauhale i koe i ka nui a me ka waiwai kalepa oaio, kahi o ka mea, haʻalele lākou i ke kālā a me ka Livonian Kelemānia kalepa. Local wahi kanaka o Laielohelohe Europa, nā mea kūʻai mai no kona kūlana huahana, o ka oi aku ka maikai o'ākau für. Ma hope o Novgorod Ua hoohui ia Moscow, Pskov waiwai nui, no ka mea, na poe kalepa, he makemake ko e hoʻomaka lākou mau hana i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, e hoʻohana i ka liʻiliʻi loa kekahi olelo kuokoa. Eia hou, uaʻaʻohe auhau, nā loko o nā kūlanakauhale o Moscow na'lii.

Events ma ka Ewa o ka piʻiʻana

I ka 1509 Vasily III hoouna mai i ka hou kia'āina o Pskov. Ka mea, lilo Ivan Repnev-Obolensky. I ka hana ana o ka malihini i seriously pū waikaua nā kupa. Vicar i i kukakuka pu me ka poe ahaolelo,ʻaʻole au i hoʻolohe i ka manao o ka kūloko aristocracy, e paa ana ia 'aha hoʻokolokolo iho. I ka mea,ʻo ia naʻauao me he mea la i kekahi 'elele o ka Moscow aliʻi i loko o kahiko mokuna.

Pskovites hoʻoholo ihola e hoʻopiʻi e pili ana i ka appointee Vasily Ivanovich. Ua piha o Libena, a kaulana eha ma ka naau Lūkini mōʻaukala, akā, i kēia manawa ke kue i ole i huli i ka kaua confrontation. Ma keia manawa i lanakila e kaukaʻi ma Moscow Pskov ua manawa, i ka i lawa koa no ka uprising e ku ei ke alii. Eia hou kekahi, he kupa o ke kulanakauhale i kekahi kanaka, e huli. Novgorod no ka aneane kanakolu makahikiʻo ia i kekahi hapa o ka mea hoʻokahi Lūkini moku'āina, a i makemake i ke Polish ke aliʻi e hele i ke kaua me Basil.

Basil 'aha hoʻokolokolo

Na Luna Nui Duke i keia manawa i hiki aku ai i loko o Novgorod, ostensibly e kaha i ka hana o ko lākou mau boyars ma keia nui kālepa waena. Akā, ma lalo iho Vasily III huakaʻi hele akau i ka hope haalele iho la ka Pskov kuokoa. Ma hope mai ona aku la i kekahi Muscovite koa nui, i makemake e koi 'ia i loko o ka hihia o ka hamama koa kipi.

Pskov aristocracy hoouna Prince kauoha, e noi ana e hoopau i ke kaua ma waena o nā keʻena ma luna, a ke aliiwahine alii kiaaina. I huli ai oe, i hele Repnev-Obolensky i Novgorod, e hoao i ko lakou hihia i loko o ke alo o Vasily Ivanovich. Moscow kia'āina i iʻae i ka boyars, akā, hoouna mai heʻelele iā Pskov me ka kaumaha aku ai i nā mea a pau e noho ana o ke kulanakauhale, e hele mai i ka luna o ka pā hale. Ma Novgorod huki haneri o ka hoʻopiʻii ka poe i hauʻoli i ko lakou mau ola. Mahiʻai hewa ia i nā boyars, kaukaualiʻi hoʻomaopopo ma kekahi i kekahi. Basil, hoʻomaopopo pehea nui mahae i loko o ka Pskov hui, ua hoʻoholo ihola i ka hoʻopiha i ka hui o Pskov i Moscow. 1510 ua ka hope i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke Kuokoa o ke kulanakauhale.

Novgorod e hei ai lakou

Most Vasily makau i ku hui aku i kona makemake na kanaka, a me ka aristocracy. Akā, hoopaapaa ma waena o na kanaka o Pskov hoike mai i ka mea, i mea e makau. I ka aahu iho la o posadniki a me ka poeikohoia o ka richestʻohana o ka repubalika i hiki ai i ka luna o ka? Eaia. Basil hai aku i ua hiki mai ka manawa, e hoopau i ke kahiko kālai'āina nenoaiu. Keʻena e ua, ua anaiia mai, a me ka bele hai i ka hoʻomaka o ka People, i kauoha e haalele. Ua koke hopuia, a hoouna aku la i ka halepaahao uuku loa aliʻi.

I ka Ia manawa, i ka luna kauoha e resettle ma Novgorod ka maʻamau kanaka i hele mai i ona lā me ka palapala hoopii. Ua ua i ka liana i kokua mai ke hoʻokō 'ia i ka hui o Pskov i Moscow. Makahiki ma hope o ka makahiki, i ka K'lauea nā kupa o ka'āina i koe kaʻawaleʻana i loko o ke aliʻi aina. Ua hoʻoneleʻia mai au Pskov luna i hiki ke alakai i ke kipi ku ei Basil. A like kou akamai i hoʻohanaʻia e kona makua kāne - Ivan III, ka wā āna i naʻi i ka Novgorod Repubalika.

Ka pau 'ana o Pskov Veche

Ma hope Pskov keena o Novgorod hele Moscow kakauolelo Tretiak Dolmatov i. He ua he inā pilikia ka haumāna diplomat nāna i kōkua mai i nā aliʻi nui mai loko mai o ka Padfolio kulana home 'ole. Elele, iʻikeʻia i loko o ke kūlanakauhale Vasily III Ua hopu aneane e pau loa na kūloko aristocracy i kekahi mau lā ma hope.

Kakauolelo ma ke keʻena ma luna kūkala me ka hooholo ana o ka Luna Duke. Pskovites loaa i ultimatum - e hoʻolohe i ole, e lawe i ke ala o ke kaua me Moscow. Kupa i noi i ka manaʻo e pili ana i ka po a me ke kakahiaka nui, i nā mea a pau o na koi ana o Vasily Ivanovich. Kokeʻaha kanaka i wehe bele. Ua like me ka waiwai trophy i lawe i kekahi Moscow hoailona. A mau lā ma hope o ka frosty January kakahiaka i loko o ka naʻi aupuni o ke kulanakauhale, hiki mai ka Luna Nui Duke ia ia iho. Ke kipa manao ka piʻiʻana Pskov i Moscow. Ka lā o ka hanana (ma 1510) i ka lā i ka wa a ka mea hope Lūkini medieval Repubalika lilo kona kuokoa.

hopena o ka piʻiʻana

Ma mahope mahina, Vasili i na mea a pau e consolidate kona lanakila. Pskov hoʻokuke akula i ka influential ohana. Ka mea, he pono-hanau alii ahaolelo, a me ka waiwai kalepa. Akā, ua hoouna aku la lakou i ke kulanakauhale o devotees pela koho Prince Muscovites, ka mea i lilo i ka kūloko waiwai. Mua inoa o ka Meia hope hoopau - Ua auou caiaiai loa subordinate i ka Kremlin alii kiaaina.

Ma ka waiwai o ka Auguseto kela aoao o ke kulanakauhale i ka papa kuhikuhiE Hawaii - i ka maha a me ka hūlili. Kiaaina a pau i ka personification o Hookolokolo, koa a me ka hoʻomalu Aupuni. E kōkua iā lākou clerks, i hoouna mai Moscow. Pskov Hookolokoloʻo Samuel M. (he lākou o ka rula ana a i hoʻoponopono i ka i nā hewa) e kūponoʻole. Ua Ua UAIAaIN ma ka like palapala hookama i loko o ka 'ē aʻe, i nā'āina o kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia.

No ka noho ana o ka ka piʻiʻana o Pskov i Moscow e Prince Vasily III ka mea, ua loa lewa i loko o ka waiwai o na auhau. Ka mea, ua lilo nui aku. Eia hou kekahi, ma ka oihana i hoʻolauna auhau, o ka i loaʻa i ole ola.

Pskov loko o Rusia

Ka Central Aupuni banned a pau mua kānāwai i somehow ike okoa Pskov mai kekahi'ē aʻe kalana. Naʻe Muscovy ma ka 16th kenekulia mālama i ka illusory ka hoʻoponopono-kālai'āina kulanakauhale. No ka laʻana, e noho ana i ke kuleana e koho lunakahiko, ka poe i kokua i ko lakou mau pono ma ke alo o ke kiaaina. Eia hou, e mālama i loko o ka mineta Pskov.

Eia naʻe, maoli mai 1510 i ke kulanakauhale Mahope lilo kekahi hapa o ka mea hoʻokahi mana a me kona kapikala ma Moscow. I ka wā e hiki mai, Lūkini mōʻaukala i Ua piha ka hanana i lilo hoao no Pskov. No ka laʻana, iloko o ka Livonian War, i ka wa a ke keiki a Basil Ivan ka weliweli, i precipitated ma ka Polish kaua i ke kaona palena. Akā,ʻo ia ke olaʻana, a noho i integral hapa o Rusia.