Lūkini explorers a me nā poʻe malihini mākaʻikaʻi o ka 19th kenekulia. Mele Leeuwerikplein discoveries

Lūkini explorers a me nā poʻe malihini mākaʻikaʻi o ka 19th kenekulia i ka helu o ka poʻokela discoveries, a lilo iho la ia i ka waiwai o ka ole wale Lūkini akā, i nā'āina'ē, i ka honua o ka 'epekema. Eia hou, ua i ka mea, i nui na makana no ka hooulu ana i kūloko ike, a ua hana i kekahi puu, e haawi i ke aʻo o ka hou kookoo no ka hooulu ana o ka meaola noiʻi.

elue

Lūkini explorers a me nā poʻe malihini mākaʻikaʻi o ka 19th kenekulia lawe i kona mau discoveries pili kēia no ka mea, i loko o kēia kenekulia i kahiāuli i ka pono a hiki i ka huli 'ana no ka hou kalepa? Ooia a me nā manawa, e kākoʻo i ka launa o Rusia a me nā'āina. I ka pau ana o XVIII - kakahiaka XIX kenekulia, ko kakou aina ua lilo hoʻohui a hoʻopaʻa kona kūlana i loko o ka International Arena like me ka honua i ka mana. Maoli ai, ua hou ai ua hoʻonuiʻia aku geopolitical kahua, a koi haʻawina hou o na kai, mokupuni a me nā mokuna o ka moana no ka hana o ke awa, a me ka moku kalepa a me na aina.

Lūkini explorers a me nā poʻe malihini mākaʻikaʻi o ka 19th kenekulia i wahi like me ka loea luina mea pono i ka loa manawa o ko kakou aupuni i ke kōkua o ke mau kai: ka Baltic a me Black. A me ia mea i coincidence. Ua wehe i hou nā manawa kūpono no ka meaola noiʻi, a haawi aku la impetus i ke kūkulu a me ka hooulu ana o ka'auwaʻa, malina oihana e pili ana i ka mau. Ia mea e kahaha ko oukou naau i loko o ka makahiki mua o ka noʻonoʻo kenekulia Lūkini explorers a me nā poʻe malihini mākaʻikaʻi o ka 19th kenekulia lawe mai i ka helu o ka poʻokela noiʻi, a nui ka waiwai o ka Lūkini Leeuwerikplein 'epekema.

Plan honua huakaʻi

Kēia papahana Ua i hiki aku la ma ka hapa iʻana koa ana i loko o ko mākou'āina i loko o ka hopena o XVIII kenekulia. I ia manawa, Rusia i ka manawa e kūkulu kona'auwaʻa i loko o ka Black Sea, a, o ka papa, i ka paipai seamanship. Lūkini luina i keia manawa, e seriously noonoo ma ka mea e moe pono kālepa? Ooia. Keia ua oi kōkua ai i nā ma ka mea i ko makou aupuni ua paʻa i loko o North America Alaska. No ka mea hoi e pono ai i ka malama i paʻa hoahanau a me ka hoʻomōhala aneiai alu like 'ana.

ina Kruzenshtern ma ka hopena o XVIII kenekulia, a hoike aku i ka manao no ka honua huakaʻi. Naʻe, i kona i hooleia. Akā, e kekahi mau makahiki ma hope o ka noho alii ana o Alexander I, ka Lūkini aupuni ua hōʻike ka hoihoi i loko o ka hoʻouna 'ia kumumanao. He loaa apono.

aʻo

ina Kruzenshtern hele mai, mai ke aliʻi ohana. He aʻo ma ka Kronstadtʻoihana moku mau pūʻali, a me kona mau haumana i, i kekahi i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i Kuekene, oiai ua hoao aku au ia lakou iho luawai. Ma hope iho o ia mea, i hoounaia mai no ka aʻo i ka 'Enelani, kahi ia i loaa i ka hoʻonaʻauao maikaʻi loa. Ma luna o kona hoi ana i Rusia a hoike aku i ka manao no ka honua huakaʻi. Ma hope o ka loaa ana apono, ke akahele hoomakaukau no ia, ua kuai lilo mai i ka momona lako a pan, a e iai? Oaiaaiiua moku.

Kona hea ka hope o keia hihia i kona hoa Yuriy Fodorovich Lisyansky. Me ia mea,ʻimi hoaaloha hoʻi i loko o ka Cadet mau pūʻali. Kēlā me kēia no hoi ua ai ia ia iho me he loeaʻoihana moku luna i ka Lūkini-Kuekene Kaua o 1788-1790 makahiki. Kela manawa, ua kitted mai koke mau moku ma lalo o ka inoa o "Neva" a me ka "Hope". Ka hope loa kauoha, helu Nikolai Rezanov, i kaulana ma ka kaulana pōhaku keaka mele. Ka huakaʻi holo i ka 1803. Kona manao ua e noiʻi ana, a makaikai i ka manawa kūpono o ka wehe hou oihana? Ooia mai Rusia a hiki i Kina, a me ka mokuna o ka 'Amelika' Ākau ?? eoi?.

'auʻau

Lūkini explorers ua hoʻokōʻia Cape Horn, a hele mai i loko o ka moana Pakifika, ua maheleia. Yuriy Fodorovich Lisyansky alakai i kona moku i ka North American kapakai, a hoopakele i ka pio Indians kālepa Lūkini kulanakauhale o Novo-Arkhangelsk. Ma keia hele ana, ua paa no hoi oia no ka manawa mua i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka hoʻokele holo moku a puni South Africa.

Ka moku "Hope" alakaʻiʻia Kruzenshtern a holo aku la i loko o ke kai o Japan. Ka makaʻu o keia kanaka noiʻi mea i ka mea, ua nānā ka noiʻi 'ana i ka mokuna o Sakhalin Island, a ua i nui nā loli i ka palapala' āina. Naʻe, i ka papa kuhikuhiE manao o ka hele ana i ka makaikai i ka waha o ka Amur muliwai, i ka mea i lōʻihi Ua hoihoi alakaʻi o ka Pacific'auwaʻa kaua. Kruzenshtern komo i ka Amur muliwai, a laila, e makaikai i na kapakai o Kamchatka, hoi aku la oia i kona'āina.

Kruzenshtern na makana i ka 'epekema

Lūkini explorers Ua nui nō me ka nui loa Lūkini Leeuwerikplein 'epekema ma ka lawe ana ia i ka global level o? Acaeoey. Kēia huakaʻi ua o Laielohelohe i ka noonoo ana o ka lehulehu. Ma hope iho o ka pau ana o ka hele i kākau nā puke ma i ka hopena o kā lākou noiʻi i hōʻike mai iā ia. Kruzenshtern paʻi "Hanu O Ka Hanakeoki", akā, ua kuu ia i pau nui me ka Mea Maluna Iho hydrographic noi. He piha nui keʻokeʻo mau kiko ma ka palapala, i kekahi waiwai study o nā kai a me ka moana. Pela, ka mea, ua aoia hoi, a me ka manaʻo koikoi o ka wai mahana, ka wai paialewa, iʻa.

foxmike hana

Kona mahope 'oihana, ua pili loa ua hoʻopili i ka Hawaii mau pūʻali, kahi ia i ho'ākāka' ia aineiniaeoi mua. A laila, ua ke ao ana, a laila, pau poai puni ia. E like me kona Initiative, ka Higher aliʻi Classes. I ka wā e hiki mai, ka mea, ua iho me ke kaua moana Academy. Kruzenshtern hoʻolauna hou no ka hoʻopaʻi 'ana ma ke aʻo' ana. He nui māhuahua i ka pono o ke ao ana seamanship.

Eia hou kekahi, ia i kōkua mai i ka hoonohonoho nā huakaʻi nui, i pau, e kōkua i ka hoʻolālāʻana o kekahi koʻikoʻi kanaka noiʻi O. Kotzebue. Krusenstern komo ma ka hanaia'na o ke kaulana Lūkini Kuʻe Huli Society, i kekahi i destined e noho ma ka alakai wahi,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o Rusia akā, i loko o ka honua o ka 'epekema. O ka pau nui no ka hooulu ana o ka hana kemika i kuu aku la "Mea Maluna Iho South Sea".

Makaukau ana o ka hou huakaʻi

Kruzenshtern i kekahi mau makahiki ma hope o kona huakaʻi Koi ikaika ma luna o ka hoʻokolokolo pono study o ka hema lakikū. He manao e iai? Oaiaaou mau huakaʻi kaua, a hiki i ka Akau a me Hema auamo o ka moku elua kēlā me kēia. Prior i keia hoʻokele J. Cook kokoke hiki kokoke i Antarctica, akāʻo ia i hooki i ka hele ana ma ka hau. A laila, i ka hele kaulana ? Aaeaaaaony i ka ono o ka'āinapuniʻole kekahi hakuʻole paha mea i ole ia ia ia.

I ka 1819, i ka Lūkini aupuni ua hoʻoholo e lol; i hou squadron no ka 'auʻau' ana. Faddey Faddeevich Bellinsgauzen, ma hope, ua hoonohoia ka helu o ka hoʻopaneʻe 'ia ana kona mea kuhikuhi. Ua Ua hoʻoholo i kūkulu mau moku: "Aloha" a me ka "East". First papahana ma Lūkiniʻepekema kumumanao. He mea mau nō a me ka kūpono. Naʻe, ka mea i kūkuluʻia i loko o ka UK lua, ua emi mai i ka pilina paʻa, no laila, i ka mea, aohe manawa e remodel, kūkulu hou a me ka hoʻoponopono. E hoomakaukau ai, a? Ieoaeunoai alakai Mikhail Lazarev, ka mea i hoopiiia no ka inconsistency o na moku elua.

Travel hema

Ke hou huakaʻi i aku la i ka 1819. Ua hiki Brazil, a palekoki i ka pelapela a, hele aku la e Sandvicheskim mokupuni. Ma Ianuali 1820 Lūkini huakaʻi ike i ka ono o ka'āinapuniʻole - Antarctica. Maʻoihana kaʻa a puni ka mea iʻikeʻia a ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma na mokupuni. Mawaena o ka mea nui discoveries hiki ke kapaia he mokupuni o Peter I, Alexander I. Coast e e i ka pono ano o na palena, me pono me sketches o na holoholona ike ma luna o ka hou'āinapuniʻole, Faddey Faddeevich Bellinsgauzen holo hoʻi.

Iloko o ka huakaʻi, ma ka hou ana i ka ka loaʻaʻana o Antarctica i i 'ē aʻe discoveries. No ka laʻana, i komo i loaʻa i ka Hawaii Honua - he he okoa pae'āina. Eia hou kekahi, ka mea i ho'ākāka 'ia i ka mokupuni o South Georgia. A mau mea nui i nā wehewehena o ka hou'āinapuniʻole. Mikhail Lazarev me kona moku i ka manawa e kiai i ka mea maikaʻi o ka'āina, no laila, i nā kūʻiʻoa mea a mau mea waiwai i ka 'epekema.

Meaning discoveries

Huakaʻi o 1819-1821 makahiki ua o ka nui loa no ka hana kemika aupuni a me ka honua. E wehewehe ana o ka hou, ono o ka'āinapuniʻole, huli i nā manaʻo o ka hana kemika o ka Honua. Nā huakaʻi i paʻiʻia ka hopena o ko lākou mau kuka nei i loko o nā puke me ka maloko palapala noi a me ka pono ao. I loko o ka huakaʻi ka mea, ua oleloia ua hiki aku ma kahi o kanakolu mokupuni, i nani nō o ka laha 'ma Antarctica a me kona wildlife. Eia hou, nā lālā o ka huakaʻi ho'ākoakoa aʻela i nā hana yoiia? Ohi, i ua mālama i Kazan University.

hou hana

Bellingshausen a laila hoomau i konaʻoihana moku 'oihana. He komo i loko o ke kaua Lūkini-Turkish o 1828-1829, ma ke kauoha o ka Baltic waʻa, a ma hope, ua hoonoho ke alii kiaaina ana o Kronstadt. A hoailona o ka hoʻomaopopo pono o kona poe lawelawe, oia ka mea i ka mea, ua kapaʻia ma hope o ka moʻo o Geographic hiʻona. Mua, mākou e hōʻike i ke kai i loko o ka Moana Pākīpika.

no hoi ua eo ma hope o kona holo kaulana i Antarctica Lazarev. He Ua hoonohoia luna o ka huakaʻi a hiki i na kapakai o Russian America palekana 'ana i smugglers me ka i ia ana, a e hoʻokele. Hope i kauoha mai ai i ka Black Sea'auwaʻa, komo i loko o ke kaua o Navarino, no ka mea, ua lanakila 'o ia kekahi mau hoʻolilo' ia '. No laila, na explorers nui o Rusia kekahi i kona poʻokela na makana i ka hooulu ana o ka hana kemika.