I ka moolelo o ka Lūkini'auwaʻa. Petra Velikogo'auwaʻa

Rusia - Hawaiian moku'āina, akā, i ka lōʻihi o kona mokuna, e holo i ka wai 'ilikai mea 2/3 o ko lākou mau huina lōʻihi. Makamua Russian ke hele ma ka moana, a ua hiki i ke kaua ma kai, akā, me ka oiaio manuwa mooolelo o ko mākou'āina, aia nō ma kahi o 300 makahiki.

Mau nō arguing e pili ana i kekahi mau hanana a ka lā, mai i originates ka mōʻaukala o ka Lūkini'auwaʻa. Kekahi mea i ike i ka mea a pau - e hiki mai ai i loko o ke au o Petra Velikogo.

Ka mua ho okolohua

E hoʻohana i ka? Aiiioe? E hoʻoneʻe i ka na puali koa ma ka aina, kahi muliwai a pau i ka papa kuhikuhiE palapala? Ooia, ka Lūkini hoomaka i ka lōʻihi manawa kahiko. Hōʻike i nā kaʻao ala "mai ka Vikings a hiki i ka Helene" hele hoʻi kenekulia. About ke kai eʻe "lodev" Prince Oleg i Constantinople haku moʻolelo.

Wars Aleksandra Nevskogo me ka Swedes a me ka Kelemānia crusaders, he kekahi o na kumu nui Pahuhopu o iai? Oaiaaiea Lūkini Luna Hooponopono kokoke i ka waha o ka Neva, e e hiki ke kuu hoʻokele ma ka Baltic kai.

Ma ka hema, i ka paio no ka Black Sea me ka Tatars a me Kauai, o ka Zaporozhye a me Don Cossacks. Lākou mau kaʻao "gull" i ka 1350 ana hooukaia mai, a hoopio iho la ia Ochakov.

Ka mua Russian moku kaua "aeto" Ua kūkuluʻia ma 1668 ma ka Oka River i loko o ke kauhale o Dedinovo ma ka mea o ka Emperor Alexei Mikhailovich. Akā,ʻo kona maoli hanau o Lūkini moku ua koiia e moe, a me ka makemake o kana keiki - Petero ka Nui.

moe Home

I mua i ke keiki aliʻi e makemake e holo ma luna o ka liʻiliʻi waapa i i loaʻa i loko o ka halepapaa i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Izmailovo. Kēia 6-mika waapa i hâʻawi wale ma o kona makua kāne, ua manawa waiho i loko o ka mokukaua Museum o St. Petersburg.

Ka wā e hiki mai ia Auguseto mai la mahope e mai ia, a originates ka Russian imperial Moana, a kapa aku la ia ia "kupuna kāne o ka Russian'auwaʻa". O Petero ia ia iho hoihoi hou ia ma ka hahai ana i ka haku o Kelemānia hooponopono, no ka mea, o kona haku shipbuilders ma Moscow ua ole.

A hiki i ka wā e hiki mai ia Auguseto i loko o 17 makahiki i lilo i ka maoli alii, hoomaka ae la oia e ike ana no hoi i Rusia hiki ole hoʻomōhala me ka waiwai, iao? A me ka moʻomeheu ano laulea me 'Eulopa, a me ka mea o ka' ōlelo i meaola.

Hana mikiʻala a me ka 'ike kanaka, o Petero imi iho la e kuai i ka ike a me ka mākau i loko o kekahi wahi. Kona nui kuko i ka kumumanaʻo o ka hana o ka shipbuilding, i kona loheʻana, mai ka Hōlani, Kelemānia a me Pelekānia mau haku. He nānā aku delved i loko o ka hoʻokumu paʻaʻana o ka cartography, au aʻo e hoʻohana hoʻokele na manao ona.

Ke akamai mua hoomaka ae la oia e ke kālele 'ana ma o ka hana ana o "amusing flotilla" Pleshcheyevo loko ma Pereslavl kokoke Yaroslavl. Ma June 1689 ma laila ma ka shipyards i ohi bot "pomaikai", 2 liʻiliʻi ol ', a me ka moku peʻa.

Haʻalele i i ka moana

Nunui aina kanaka nunui, i ua ono o ka Honua ka aina nuipa a, Rusia hopena o XVII-kenekulia emi ma mua i loko o nā'āina hiki koi ae ia ia i ka malina mana. I ka moolelo o ka Lūkini'auwaʻa - ia mea i ka moʻolelo o ka paio no ka 'ae' ana i ke ao nei i ka moana. Aia he mau aoao mai i ka moana liuliu, - elua "bottleneck": i ke awawa o Finland, a Baltic Sea, a ua hana hoʻokipa i ka ikaika Kuekene, a ma ka Black kai, ma ka puali ololi e Straits o ka Dardanelles, a ua ma lalo o ka mana o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau.

Ke ho'āʻo mua, e hooki aku i nā kaua o Crimean Tatars a me Kauai ma ka hema mokuna, a me ke kau i ke kumu no ka wā e hiki mai Hopu a hiki i ka Black Sea i i ka la o Petero i ka 1695. Pakaua paa o Azov, Aia ma ka waha o ka Don, ua ku e aku la ho'āhewa wale ma Lūkini koa huakaʻi, a no ka mea kahua hoʻonohonohoʻana kaua ikaika i ole lawa, i lawa ke kālā e oki i ke kokuaia mai e ammunition i ka Kauai hoʻopuniʻia e ka wai. Nolaila, e hoomakaukau no ka mea e hiki mai ana kai eʻe, ka mea i hoʻoholo i kūkulu i ka'auwaʻa.

Azov'auwaʻa

Peter me ka launaʻole ikehu Ho'āʻo ka hana ana o na moku. More o 25.000 mahiʻai i ua kipaku i ka hana i loko o ka shipyards ma ka hoopahaohaoia'na, a ma luna o ka muliwai Voronezh. E like me nā Eia kekahi laʻana i lawe mai ai, mai kahi'ē, ma lalo o ka hooponopono ana o na haku i fabricated 23 ka hoe galleys (hana oolea), 2 nui sailboat (kekahi o ia mau mea - 36-kī "Apostol Potr"), oi ma mua o 1,300 moku uuku - moku, kona mahi ai a me ka mea e like. d. Ka mea, ua i ka ho'āʻo mua i ka ho okumu ana i ka ua kapaia he "regular Russian imperial Moku." He pono ko ka hana o ka hoopakele ana kaua a hiki i na paia o ka pakaua, a hoʻopuni ma ka wahi o Azov me ka wai. Ma hope o ka eono-hebedoma hoʻopuniʻana o July 19, 1696 i ka poe koa hookuu mai ai ia.

"Lutche iaʻu e kaua aku i ke kai ..."

Kēia kai eʻe hoike i ka nui o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o ka aina a me ka moana koa. He uaʻano nui i ka olelo hooholo o ka Boyar Duma ma hou? Ieoaeunoai o na moku. "Aku, Kahuli Mai i!" - ke aliʻi paa ma ka auaaeaiea o dala no na moku hou i aponoia October 20, 1696. Mai ia lā, i ka mōʻaukala o ka Lūkini'auwaʻa, a me ka malama kona countdown.

nui kauoha malu

Kaua no ka hema komo i ka moana ka hopu ana o Azov i pono hoʻomaka, a me Petero kaahele ana ma Europa, e imi kākoʻo iā Tureke a me kona allies. Ke alii hoʻohana i kona kalaiaina huakaʻi i mau ae la ia i kekahi, a me ka hapalua makahiki, e hōʻoi 'i ko lakou ike ana i ka shipbuilding a me koa mea.

Ma lalo o ka inoa Petra Mihaylova,ʻo ia hana i loko o nā shipyards o ka Netherlands. He loaa hana me nā ōlaʻi i o Lūkini poe paahana. I ka malama ekolu, mai ka manawa i kūkuluʻia lākou komo ol ' "aku la o Petero a me Paulo", ka poe i hele laila, i Iawa ma lalo o ka hae o ka hikina India Company.

Ma Enelani, ke alii ua hoi e hana i na shipyards, a me mechanical nā hālāwai hoʻonaʻauao. English King ua hōʻike hewa no o Petero, ua hoʻolālā ihola manuwaʻoihana kaʻa. Ka ike ana E Ala E AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN 12 a me na moku nunui, o Petero malia a me ka olelo i ka mea i makemake ia e ka English Adimarala, ma mua o ka Russian Tsar. Mai ia manawa koke nō i ka moe, e i ka mana Russian imperial Moku ua hooikaika i loko ona pau.

opiopio Rusia

Hawaii pāʻoihana e hoʻomōhala ai. I ka 1700, Petr Veliky e hoʻokau i ka hae o ka Moana moku Lūkini. Ua Ua kapaʻia ma hope o ka mua Lūkini Papa - St Andreya Pervozvannogo. 300 makahiki i ka Lūkini'auwaʻa, a kokoke e pau o ia manawa i uhi mai ia Lūkini luina kēlā uliuli kea o St. Andrew ka hae.

A makahiki ma hope, ma Moscow ka muaʻoihana moku kula - i ke kula o ka makemakika a me ka navigational sciences. Hoʻokumu i ka Moana kauoha e alakaʻi i ka hou lala. Maliuia mai mokukauaʻo Samuel M. komo manuwa na lalani.

Akā loa importantly - ka Admiralty, ma kaʻoihana o ka shipyard - na moku hou i ke kūkuluʻia ma laila.

Peter I ka mea kuka no hou no ka naʻi awa ma ka Black Sea, a me ka waihona ipu malaila shipyards hooki i ka oi formidable hoa paio i ka North. Denmark a Kuekene hele aku i ke kaua ma luna o hoopaapaa mokupuni, a hui ae la o Petero ia ia ma kaʻaoʻao o Denemaka, a me ka AIM e hemo mai ma ka "puka makani i Europa" - komo i ka Baltic kai.

ke kaua Gangut

Kuekene alakaʻi ma ka opiopio, a me ka cocky Charles XII i ka papa kuhikuhiE koa mana o ia manawa. Inexperienced Russian imperial Moku kali ordeal. I ke kauwela o 1714 ka Lūkini'auwaʻa o ka hoe moku, alakaʻiʻia'akimalala Fedorom Apraksinym halawai mai me ka ikaika Kuekene holo moku ma Cape Hanko. Haawi ana i ka enemi mea kaua, i ka'akimalala i iʻaʻa e kuhikuhi confrontation, a hai mai la ia Petero kulana.

Ke alii i lele hema: kauoha aku e hoʻoponopono ai i ka mea papa hele no ka waʻapā moku ma ka aina maloo, a, e hōʻike i ka manao, e hiki mai ana ma ka isthmus i ka hope o kaʻenemi'auwaʻa. E pale aku i kēia, no ka Swedes i kaʻana like'auwaʻa, hoʻouna i kekahi poe o ka 10 moku piliwaiwai Peninsula i ka wahi Perevoloka. I keia manawa i hoʻokumu i ke kai piha malie, i nele Swedes ka manawa kūpono o kekahiʻoihana kaʻa. Nunui moku hoalaala ia wahi piʻo i ke alo o ke kaua, a me nā moku o ka Lūkini'auwaʻa - hookeai ka hoe galleys - lua ma ka palena, a pepehi i kekahi pūʻulu o 10 moku, trapping ia i loko o ke kai kūʻono. Ol 'moku lawe hae "Elephant" Ua laweʻia ma luna o ka moku, o Petero i kino komo i loko o ka melee kaua, unuhi aku la ia luina ma ka laʻana.

Russianʻoihana moku lanakila ua piha. About ke kakini moku i pio, oi ma mua o ka tausani Swedes pio, a oi aku 350 - Ua make. Me losing he hookahi moku, Russian poho 120 kanaka make, a 350 - poino.

First Victoria Sea - ke Gangut, a, ma hope, ma Grengam a me ka aina o Poltava ka lanakila - a pau ia i ke ki i ka hōʻailona o ke Kuikahi o Nystad Kuekene (1721), ma lalo a Rusia, hoomaka ae la e lanakila ma ka Baltic kai. Ka pahuhopu - komo i ka WestʻEulopa awa - ua, ua loaʻa.

Ka Hoʻoilina Petra Velikogo

Ke kumu no ka hanaia'na o ka Baltic waʻa, ua hookumuia oia e Petero, a hiki he umi makahiki ma mua o ka kaua Gangutskaya wā hoopakeleia mai, mai ka waha mai o ka Neva Swedes, ua hookumuia oia St. Petersburg, i ka hou kapikala o ka Russian aupuni a pau. A me ke koa kumu ke aupuni 'kokoke - Kronstadt - ka mea, lilo iho la na puka paa hou mai la i ka poe enemi, a ākea hamama no ka kuai ana.

No ka hapaha kenekulia, Rusia i ke ala ana i kekahi mau kenekulia, ke alakai malina mana - ke ala mai ka moku uuku no ka Hawaiian hoʻokele i ka moku nui hiki ke lanakila global aouli. Flag o ka Lūkini Moana i ikeia a ua mahaloia ma na moana a pau o ka honua.

Mōʻaukala o ka lanakila a me ka make ai

Petero ka nā mea hoʻololi, a me kana mau keiki punahele - ka mua Lūkini'auwaʻa - e kali ana no ka pilikia hopena. Ole a pau mahope luna o ka aina i kaʻana like i nā manaʻo o Petra Velikogo, a loaʻa iā ia kona ikaika o ke külana.

Over ka mea e hiki mai ana 300 makahiki i ka Lūkini'auwaʻa i ka manawa e loaa nui lanakila manawa Ushakov a me Nakhimov, a me koʻu hoomanawanui ana'ku loa poino ma Sevastopol a me Tsushima. Ma hope o ka heaviest kaua i hoʻoneleʻia mai au Rusia o ke kūlana o ke kai ka mana. Iloko o ka pakebona, ma hope o ka piha'opi ike i ka mōʻaukala o ka Lūkini Moana, a me ka hala kenekulia, a me ka ʻiʻo nō o kēia manawa.

I kēia manawa i ka'auwaʻa e ho onui ana ka ikaika ma hope o ka kŘpuna stagnation, a me ia mea nui, e hoomanao i ka mea a pau ka hoʻomaka 'ana me ka ikaika a me ka makemake o Peter I, ka poe i manaoio ma ka malina nui o ko lākou aupuni.