Ke anatomical 'ole o ke kanaka naau

Heart - i ka papa kuhikuhiE hui, o ka circulatory nenoaiu. Ke anatomical 'ole o ka naʻau o ke kanaka mea ia e hoopau ai i ke hōʻoia i ka manaʻo o ka hana o ka kikowaena kino o ka'ōnaehana o ke koko na lako o ka mea a pau meaola.

Kēia hui, ua aia i loko o ka pahu lua: i loko o ka pahu i loko o ka anterior mediastinum ma luna o ka diaphragm. 70% ua aia i loko o ka naʻau o ka thoracic lua ma ka lima hema, 30% - ma ka akau o ka sternum. E noonoo i ka 'ole o ke kanaka naau, mahope mai o kona mau pā pōhaku. Cardiac pā i ka ekolu-ahu 'ole: ka pahale loko, ahu iho - endocardium hoalaala ia me ka endothelial keena; meakino - Muscle a myocardium, oia hoi o ka cardiomyocyte; waho - epicardium a me ka pericardium i hanaʻia ma kekahi lahilahiʻili lahilahi o connective'aʻaʻa, ua uhiia i ka pā ili o ka a me ka mesothelium. All kino lua i loko o hoʻouna endocardium, ia kekahi 'ano apau loa o ka naau kiwikā. Pericardium, i kekahi manawa, i kapaia o ka naau Awaits, huna ia ma luna o ka mawaho, aʻano a me ka ai-kapa naau eke. Kona papa kuhikuhiE manao - hoemi kū'ē ma ka naau hana, a mālama iā ia, mai mawaho ololi. Ma waena o ka lahilahi o pericardium mai ka slit-e like makahiki piha me ka uuku nui o ka wai.

Ka naau Ua puunaueia e ka paku i loko o nā kāwaha halves - haʻalele a me ka pololei. Kēlā me kēia hapalua ninoieo o ka atrium a me ka ventricle. I ka pono me ka hapalua o ka manawa a ka venous koko i loko o ka hema - arterial. Ka 'ole o ke kanaka naau mea i ka venous koko ole ua hui me ka arterial. Keʻena aupuni 'ma waena o ka pono tricuspid kiwikā, i loko o ka wahi o ka OAAIeOO mai ka ventricle akau o pulmonary arteries - ka pulmonary kiwikā. Ka hema hapalua o ka naau ma waena o ka atrium a me ka ventricle mea bicuspid paha mitral kiwikā, a me ka aortic auoiaea, mai ka lua o ka ventricle hema - tricuspid aortic kiwikā leaflets me ka crescent. Ka mānoanoa o ka hema ventricular pā mea nui nui ma mua o ka mea pono. Keia mea no ka mea, o ka ventricle hema ua mau hana hou intensively, ka hoʻokuʻu 'koko i loko o ka aorta, a hoi hele ma ke kino, a me ka pono - wale i loko o nā ipu akemāmā.

Ma ka atrium'ākau i ke koko i mau aa koko nui, i ka poe i kaheaia ka luna, a malalo kāwaha. Ka mea, e ohi venous koko mai a pau nā loko. Ka haʻalele atrium komo i ke koko o ka pulmonary aa koko eha, a, ma hope o ka oxygen ma lehulehu i loko o ka maʻiʻaʻai lilo arterial. Pulmonary artery, ua i kapaia pulmonary kumu, ma i venous koko hele i na ia maʻiʻaʻai, e hele mai mai o ka ventricle akau. Ka nui artery o ka aorta hoolako arterial koko o ke kino a pau, e hele mai mai o ka ventricle hema. Mai ka luna ka mea, hiki e manao ia ka 'ole o ke kanaka naʻau mea i okoa mai'ē aʻe mammalian naau.

Ke loa naʻau loaa ana ke koko mai ka elua coronary arteries. Ka haʻalele coronary artery originates mai ka hema aortic sinus a haʻalele sinus o Valsalva, Aia 1 knm ma luna o ka hookomo ana i ka semilunar kiwikā. Ka mea, i hookaawale ai i loko o ka anterior hema e iho mai ana lala a me ka wahī haawi koko i ka hapa o ka anterolateral a me ka hema ventricular posterior pa, e like me ka pono me hapa o ka interventricular septum, i ke kihi o ka naau, a me ka atrium hema. Mai ka'ākau aortic sinus a me ka sinus akau o Valsalva hoʻomaka pono coronary artery. Keia moku hoʻopakele koko a hiki i ka myocardium o ka atrium akau a me ka akau ventricle, he hapa uuku o ka interventricular septum.

Ka naʻau o ke kanaka, ke 'ole mākou o ka a i noʻonoʻo, hanaʻia me ka mana o ka automatism, conduction, excitability a me ka contractility. I ka hana ana o keia kino alakaʻiʻia cardiac-oaio? A ma ka medulla oblongata a me ke alahaka. Ka mea, he aha ka mea i ka naau ana, atrioventricular conduction māmā holo, mana o ka naau contractions.

Ke physiology o na kanaka naau mea i kona nui oihana mea e mau alternating contraction a me ka hoʻomaha,ʻo ia hoʻi, systole a me ka diastole, e hoʻopaʻa i ka neʻe o ke koko, a me ka mea, i ke ana lako hou i ka o oxygen, a no kou kino i nā keena o ke kino.