Ke chromosomal pähola 'ana o nā kūpuna mai

Na manaolana a me ka makaʻu, ka poe i makemake e like me ka unborn keiki, mai kekahi mai o na makua ili mai manao a me ka ano kāna moʻolelo oia e e wehewehe aku mau pili ana i makuahine, E Pāpā a me nā kūpuna ma kā lākou hāpai keiki, a iʻuʻuku mai. Akā, ia mea,ʻaʻole nui kalele iho ma luna o na makua - 'aneʻi hana chromosomal pähola' ana o nā kūpuna mai, aaiaoe? A ... hihia.

Ua ua ike ia kanaka chromosomes i loaʻa nā'ōewe e māheleʻia i loko o nāʻano - autosomes a me ke keka chromosomes. Kekahi aaiaoe hiʻona pili me kanaka ke keka, oiai i loko o ka hapa o ka autosomes i koe komo aaiaoe ike. A'ōewe mea he DNA Hoʻohana i loaʻa i ka helu ana o nucleotides a me ke kaʻina o ka i mea he aaiaoe 'ike, a hou hiki aku ai i ke kahua o ka ho'ākāka' ia 'ano o ka meaola. Ka mea, eia no elua ano - i ka Hoʻohaku a me ka recessive. I ka hoʻopaʻa 'ia e hana ana i ka aaiaoe' ike i loko o nā'ōewe ec ka nucleotide kaʻina, a ua kapaia ka aaiaoe kivila.

A me ka hua a me ka sperm ma ka hapai ana e lawe mai lākou 23 hui e pono ai no ka hoomaopopo ana fetal aaiaoe kivila. Oia hoi, alaila, waiho iho la maka ano o ke keiki, kona physical 'ole, i ke kiʻiona tendencies a me inclinations. 'O kēia ka hana uhane helu 23 o ia hoʻi, māʻalo aʻela i nā makuwahine a me ka makua kāne wale nō ka hapalua o lākou aaiaoe kapikala - i ia mea hiki ole ke kilokilo. Ia mea, o kela mea keia ano o ke keiki o ka hopena o ka holo mau makuaʻia. 22 autosomes i heluʻia ma ka nui. Two 'ē aʻe chromosomes, X a me Y, nō ka wahine chromosomes. Kēia kumu o ke kanaka chromosomes hoonohonoho i ka hui, a kapa karyotype.

Nā kūpuna mai, a Radio ma ke kaʻina hana o ka kūlana nui i? Aneii, o ke kumu waiwai o ka meaola e ola ana a me ko lakou mau ano - morphological, physiological, biochemical paha manaʻoʻike. Na walaʻauʻana kānāwai o nā kūpuna mai i ua kālaiʻia i loko o 1866, Mendel, ka mea i noʻonoʻo i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka 'epekema o aaiaoe?. I mai la ia i ka waiwai kanaka e hilinaʻi ana ma ka hana i ho'ākāka 'aaiaoe aʻe (nā'ōewe hope loaa i ka inoa), i loko o ke kahua o ka gametes kaʻana like, a komo i loko o kā lākou fertilization. E like me ka hopena, kanaka i me kekahi pu ana o paternal a me ka maternal nā'ōewe hanau.

Mendel ka hana hoomauia, i ka American geneticist Thomas H. Morgan. Kona chromosomal pähola 'ana o nā kūpuna mai ma muli o ka hopena o na nahu-drozdofil noiʻi. He manao i na nā'ōewe ke aupuni 'ana ma kekahi mau chromosomes ili kū kaʻawale. Hoʻokuʻi pū o nā chromosomes i fertilization mea nui loa i loko o ka EYI o hereditary ano. Kēlā me kēia mau he like nā'ōewe a me ka simplest ke ano o ka'āina hoʻoili i e pili i kekahi paʻa o nā'ōewe.

Eia hou, i ka chromosome kumumanaʻo o ka hoʻoilina koi ana a me ka hiki nā'ōewe debonding. Hoʻolako 'ole' ia ma ka maʻamau helu o chromosomes ma na keena, aʻo nā alakaʻi o ke kumu o aaiaoe ka maʻi o ke kanaka. Kekahi chromosome abnormalities mai i maʻi i loko o ka lawe, naʻe oi paha, e alakai i ka hanau ana o ke keiki me ka'āno'ē helu o chromosomes (chromosome maʻi pale). Kēia pathology hiki e hoike ia ma ka hoemi helu o chromosomes, i ke alo o ke kope, ka mea nana e hoole kuhikuhi ana a me ka IeIIeYOA hapa o ka chromosome i kekahi chromosome. Ka hapanui o mutations i'ākilikai lawa, a i ole ia i kanaka kūpono 'ana. 'Ia i chromosomal aberrations e hoololi i ka' ole o ka chromosomes.

ole Morgan ka noiʻi he ma ka makehewa. Kona chromosomal pähola 'ana o nā kūpuna mai i hoopaa, a, loa importantly, hou kūpono' ana i loko o ke ao ana o ke 'ano o ka'ōewe.