Ke kaulana Oka oa ?? ana Reserve? Animals a me nā mea kanu Oka Terrasny no?

Ma ka waena o ka XX kenekulia (1948) ka mea i hooholoia e hoʻololi i ka nui hookoe, Aia i loko o nā wahi e pili ana, i ka elima hookaawale hui. I uaua manawa no ke ano maoli mālama (1951) ma Moscow Māhele '4 me ke koe i hoopauia. Mai ia manawa, Oka oa ?? ana Reserve - ka mea wale kekahi i loko o nā wahi e pili ana.

He hele i loko o ka mea ulana pukapuka nui o ke biosphere me ke koe ma UNESCO. Ma Pepeluali 1979, oia loaa he palapala.

Mai ka mōʻaukala o ka luna '

Oa ?? ana Oka Biosphere Reserve hoomaka kona hana i loko o June 1945, mua me hapa o ka LIKE kaiaulu.

Ma hope o ka loaa ana i ke kūlana o kona hana biosphere me ka nui loa widened, no laila, 1984 godu kāʻei kua ka mālamaʻana wahi i ku ai i ua hana 'aneʻi, a pau i hala aku i ka papa kuhikuhiE mea o ka ino kilo a me ka loaʻaʻana o ka hoohaumia iho la a me ka palapala waiwai i ke komo i ka ?? eoi?

I ke kakahiaka nui 70-ies hoomaka oa ?? ana Oka Biosphere Reserve, e hoʻomaka? Aneie ka mālamaʻana i ka mea kiekie oia ke kaiaola pae.

hana

He nui o ko mākou poʻe heluhelu, e ike ana i ka hana i kēia mau papa hana i loko o nā wahi likeʻole o ko mākou'āina. Inā 'oe e hoihoi ma mua o kaulana Oka oa ?? ana Reserve, e hoʻomaka ana me, e ka loaʻa mai ka hana i häʻawi mai ai iä ka hui.

Ka mua o ka malama ana o ka hanana maoli luna ', typical o ka wahi.

Wahi like o nā kaiaola o ka Reserve a me kona kokoke mau mea. Hoihoi hou ia ana a me ka mālama o maoli? Aaoa a me flora.

Ke ao,? Aneii dispersal i ko lākou noho kahiko kaianoho koholā o ka Europa bison.

E like me 'oe ke ike, a hiki ma ke kumu o na hana e hiki ke kikoo aku i kekahi hopena a e pili ana i mea kaulana Oka oa ?? ana Reserve.

I loko o kona mōʻaukala lōʻihi, ka mea, i ka hana o ka hoihoi hou ia ana a me ka mālama o pohihihi keia typical no keia laha 'i loko o ka māhele' āina. I ka hopena o keia luna 'a me ka multifaceted hana i loko o ka nui enrichment o na? Aaoa o ka Moscow māhele.

Oiwi maoli nānaina o kēia mau wahi - ka beaver - ka hoʻomaka o XX kenekuliaʻoki Ua aneane loa ma ka waena konu o aku i ka Russian Plain. E hoihoi aku ia i ka hoomalu wahi i ka makahiki 1948, i lawe mai Beavers 4 specimen o ke koena o ke kulanakauhale o Voronezh. ʻEhiku mau makahiki ma hope (1955) hui i ka heluna kānaka i 2 hui o Lūkini hanauna.

I ka 1962, ua hoʻomaka kēia mau holoholona e noho. Kela manawa, i ka 1973 ua ka hema o Moscow heluna kanaka, helu 110 beavers i ka 30 Luna Hooponopono i loko o ka hoʻokupu o ka Oka. Ma October 2003, ma waho o ka palena o ke koena, ma ka Serpukhov Apana, malaila hoi au i 68 Luna Hooponopono o kēia mau holoholona nui i 329 kanaka.

climatic ana

Oa ?? ana Oka Biosphere Reserve, he Hawaii photo a oe ke ike i keia 'atikala, okoa pakiko Hawaiian aniau. Ma kēia māhele 'āina, ka hooilo mea moderately frosty, a me ka luna hoʻomalu i mehana. Ka awelika makahiki ea mehana 'aʻole e ala luna - 3,9 ° C. Ka kaua mahina - July (+17,7 ° C), ka coldest January (10,5 ° C). I kā mākou wela - +38 ° C, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa - -43 ° C. Ka makahiki kimu Ua emi o 500 mm o o ii iai. Ka mānoanoa o ka hau uhi, a akaka i ka pau ana o ka malama o Novemaba, a ua hele mai ana ma April, 55 knm.

ke ola

Oa ?? ana papu, mālie ka lń mai ka akau i ka hema. Ke ola vypolozhenny i alapiʻi. Ke ano hehee ai o ke kokua ana o ke kikowaena a me ka'ākau apana o ke koena i sinkholes i hana ma ka wahi kahi lanahu pono overlie limestone.

No ke kokua ana o ka hema i alapiʻi i wehewehe aku e one puʻu a me nā lāʻau, a ku i ka 10-15 mika ma luna o ka lalo, e pili mau mea.

hydrology

Ke me ke koe ?? eoi? Ua i wehewehe aku e ka nui helu o Reservoir. Where kekahi mau liʻiliʻi muliwai i haʻahaʻa ka wai o ka moanawai, a he mau wahi lepo wai. Ka nui loa muliwai - Ponikovka a me Todenka, i lawe kona kumu ma waho o ka hookoe, kona lōʻihi mea e pili ana 9 ei, laula ma kahi o 4 m.

O na aieou i ka nui a me ka Sirnovskoe Protovskoe. I ka wela ana o ke kau, i ka aieou maloʻo i aneane loa. Swamp kūlana 'kekahi hapa uuku wale no o ka wahi (emi o 1%).

Animals Oka Terrasny no?

Native? Ueony - kia, a kua i loa i loko o ka'āina aku ma ka hopena o ka XIX kenekulia. E hoihoi ia, i loko o ka Oka Reserve oa ?? ana 2 hui o kēia mau holoholona i hoʻolauna i ka 1948. Kā lākou i hookuu i ka makahiki 1950. Ma ka hoʻomaka o ka 1957 i ka helu o kēia mau holoholona i loko o ke koena ua hiki aku ka huina - 63. Mai keia wahi dia hoomaka ae la e noho ma luna o ka mokuna o Chekhov a me ka Serpukhov Apana.

I ka makahiki 1967 hoihoi hou kokoke Moscow dia heluna kanaka oia o 157 kanaka. Ma Feberuari 2008 ka helu mua hoohana ae la o 170 kanaka. Kēiaʻano o ka hala loa ana reintroduced, a hoi aku la i ka imi mea hihiu ana? Aaoa.

Moose

Mai i ka ninau: "He aha ka mea iʻike Oka oa ?? ana Reserve?", E ke olelo: ". Ka hua i loko o ka heluna kanaka o ka Moose" Ma mua o ka Apana World War keia? Ueo ua loa haʻahaʻa i loko o kēia wahi. Ma hope o ke kaua, aia no he heluna ulu kokololio. Ua ihu lua ma ka waena o 1961 - 1300 holoholona i loko o ka Serpukhov Apana, a me 300 noho oa ?? ana Oka Reserve.

Aie i ka pa apŘ kiʻekiʻe o nā holoholona o ka hooponopono he mau pilikia me ke ano o ka ulu lāʻau, a pēlā hoʻi me moku'āina a me elk i loko o ka Hawaiian wahi e pili ana. Aia i kekahi papakaukau hihia, a me ka nānā aku o epizootic ka maʻi. ka piha like o ke kahua o ka caiiaaaieea zoologist ma hope o LV Zablotskaya Koi ikaika ma elk heluna hooponopono ma ka pana. I ka hooilo 1961ʻo ia i pana aku la ia i ka holoholona i loko o ka hookoe 101 a me 128 - ma ka Serpukhov apana. E like me ka hopena, i loko o kekahi mau makahiki i ka heluna kanaka i koe ma ka pae ae.

Ka loa e like me ka waiwai pio o ka poʻe i noho ma o ke koena o ka alopeke. Eia hou kekahi, i loko o kona mau mokuna ola 11 kekahi mau laha 'o carnivorous mammals, 7 o i mea ma keia honua nei e noho paʻa.

Opeapea (opeapea) i na poe e 11? Ueo. Iwaena o lakou - o ka Natterer ka opeapea, plecotus, ka wai, loko, ulaula, ka poe liilii, a me ka ulaula vechornytsi a me na mea e ae.

'Ano nui populations o ka hare hoi, kākaʻikahi hiki ke loaʻa hare hoi. Ma hope o ka lōʻihi wa e kaawale aku hoi beaver, a oia paha noho i loko o ka hoʻopakele 'muliwai.

bison

Mawaena o na mammals e noho Oka oa ?? ana Park, bison, a aho, i kekahi o ko lakou ano - Bison bonasus L. - i ai i ka International Red Book, e like me ia ma ka Book Red o ka Russian Hui.

I ka 1948, M. A. Zablotsky hana bison hoʻoulu. Kona kumu - e hoihoi i ka bison? Aneii pohihihi keia? Ueo. Ma mua o ka hoʻoulu i hoʻonoho hana:

• hānai kapu a hookuu ia i loko o ka hihiu i loko o ko lākou noho kahiko kaianoho koholā type, i ka hoolilo ana o ikaika, a ola kanaka i loko o nā aeaaiono nā mahinaʻai, a? eeiae;
• ka? anoe? aiey a me ka malama ana o ka'ōewe loko o ka bison.
• noiʻi ma o ka kālaikaiaola, kālaimeaola, ethology bison;
• hou ana a me ka hooulu ana o ka hou ano o ka mālamaʻana a me ka? aneii o bison ma ka noho pio ana, e like me ma lalo o maoli ana.

Ka hoʻoulu? Aniiei? Ma luna o ka wahi o ka 200 aa. No ka bison oleloʻaneʻi e like kokoke i maoli. hoʻoulu āpana ua maheleia i like mńka. Ka mea, ua hoopuniia e ka hei o ka uea, a pili ma ka lōʻihi? Ainii?.

Ma kēlā me kēia peni he bison ohana. Ua ninoieo o ke kane, 5 (kākaʻikahi 4) wahine, a me ka manawa'ōpio wale nō o 10 mahina. A laila, e hoʻokaʻawale bison bipi, mai ko lakou poe makuwahine, a me ka hana i ka "wa opiopio" puaʻa.

I ka pau ana o 2009 ma ka kennel hoalaia, a hoouna aku la i kekahi mau wahi o Rusia, Belarus, Ukraine a me na Hawaii ma mua o 328 purebred bison.

Ma ka hoʻoulu 'ana i mālama nui noiʻi ma ke kālaimeaola, ethology bison. Eia hou, ua hoomakaukau iho a me ke aʻo o ka nui palapala hōʻoia no hoʻomalu, i laila ana e hana i loko o nā wahi 'ē aʻe o ka Central bison hoʻoulu.

No ka mea, me nā haʻawina ma ka hoʻoulu pū i ka pae ana o 'Amelika Buffalo.

Flora

Inā 'oe i ole hoomaopopo mea kaulana Oka oa ?? ana Reserve kiʻi memo ma ka kūikawā a paʻi, e kōkuaʻoe e noonoo i ke ano o kēia mau nani wahi. Ma ke koena, aia nō ma luna o 950 kekahi mau? Ueo o nā mea kanu.

O ka laau i oi loa aku hoi e like me ka tidara, lāʻauʻoka, linden, Aspen (CO), spruce, birch. Oia hui ka ululāʻau uhi ma kahi o 93% o ka huina me ke koe.

Ma ka mua, ostepnonnyh nahele ulu dyeing pūlumi, poʻohina-piʻipiʻi Veronica, pūlumi, sedge, a no laila, ma luna o. D.

Lime-pine-lāʻauʻoka ulu i huikala mai maple, a undergrowth o bereskeleta, hazel, honeysuckle, viburnum a me ka 'ole. D.

Aia i nui o ka hua, e noho Oka oa ?? ana Reserve. Mea kanu o keia pae - blueberry, cranberry, Kislichnaya, like hoʻi me cranberries a me blueberries i ka hapanui pinepine i loaʻa ma ka akau tidara ululaau o ka caiiaaaieea.

manu

Ke koena o ka hailonaʻana o nā manu. I ka poʻe'ē he ululāʻau koho ka mea, i ko lakou loa kūpono tiers, ma kā lākou mau chicks palekana, ka mea i hoomaluia, mai kaʻenemi, a ma ia mea hiki, e kuai i ai. No ka laʻana, Jack i ka nui Moana nui laau leialii manaʻo i loko o ka pae mua.

Uuku manu ai nā mea kolo ihola ia i luna o ka lua o ka papahele a ma ka undergrowth, a me ka 'okoʻa pueo Iewa ma ka honua. Here 'oe e' imi nui anal a me finches, redstart a me ka laau pipit, nuthatch a me ka lāʻau warbler, thrush a me ka zoryanku, a he nui na mea e ae.

heʻahahui ciia

I mea e emi i ka hopena o ka hana kanaka oicyenoaaiiie aayoaeuiinoe aooa? Iay i hanaia i loko o ka maoli luna 'hookoe. Kona ?? eoi? Mea he nui - 4710 aa wahi me ka laula o ka 2 ei. Ua nā floodplain Oka nahele Apana puni ?? eoi? Ee.

Ma keia wahi, i Akä naÿe i ke koena, ae kaupalena oicyenoaaiiie aayoaeuiinoe. Ae ua haawiia i ka nahele hooponopono ana, a me ke ana ana ua pāpā. Mahiai hana aeia mai i loko o ka floodplain o ka Oka (papaia e mahi hou'āina). Eia hou, ke hookapu hanaʻeliʻana, pōʻalo a me ka hoʻouku,? Ieoaeunoai o nā ano o nā alanui a me nā pā no kekahi hana. Terms ka lawaia a me ka holoholona e aiiieieoaeuii e papa hoʻolaukahi me ka hooponopono.

hoʻonaʻauao ha awina

Ke hookoe mea he maikaʻi 'epekema kumu no na kula kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukuai, e like me ka pono me hoʻonaʻauao kulanui o Rusia. Here ka noho hoao ana nā haumāna, mai kekahi mau oihana a me na lala o Moscow State University, Moscow Mahiai Academy Timiryazev. Here haumāna loaa hana o liluwelo'āuna kumu o Moscow State University. Eia hou, he mau hoʻomalu, mai kekahi mau noiʻi institutes. He ha awina no ka opiopio naturalists ma ka hookoe - lyceums a me nā kula.

Oka oa ?? ana hookoe: Customer hōʻike manaʻo

E like me ka poe i kipa i kēia kupanaha wahi, ka mea i hanaia no ka ano aloha. A pau mahalo he mea kupaianaha a me ka pohihihi kēia manawa i ka manawa kūpono e nānā i ka pristine nani o ka Moscow māhele, a me nā hanana, i kekahi manawa ma ka verge o ia'na, laha 'o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona.

Malihini i māʻona i ke koena hele ia pu ma ka hoao ana i ka makapo, ka poe captivating competently kamailio e pili ana i nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu.

He nui ohumu i ka bison hoʻoulu, e hele aku kekahi,ʻaʻohe a, a ao aku i na hooponopono e hoʻoponopono ai i kekahi amo e kiʻi a puni o ka wahi.