Ka nui kaua o ka Great Patriotic Kaua i loko o ka mōʻaukala mea: inoa, papaʻaina

A nui ke keʻena o ka Apana World War, War hoʻokani ka Great Patriotic War, kūlana ano nui, a kuleana i loko o ka climax o kekahi o ka deadliest kūwaho hoʻi kaua o ka XX kenekulia.

Kainani periodization

I ka elima-makahiki standoff, i hiki mai ai ma luna o ka mokuna o ka republics kahiko o ka Soviet Union, e māheleʻia moʻolelo i loko o ekolu manawa.

1. Manawa au (22.06.1941-18.11.1942) nā ka hoʻololi o ka USSR i kekahi kaua wawae eha, "uila kaua" ole o ka palapala kumumanao o Hitler, e like me ka hana ana no ka uhaʻiʻana i ka papa o koa mau hana i loko o ka lokomaikai o kaʻahahui'āina.
2. Wā II (19.11.1942 - hope o 1943) ua pili me ka'ano'ē loli i loko o ka oihana koa kaua.
3. Wā III (January 1944 - May 9, 1945) - he palaoa pio o Nazi poʻe kaua, a me ko lakou expulsion mai ka Soviet nā panalāʻau e, ke kala o ka aina o South-hikina a me ka hikina Europe ma ka Red Army.

Pehea mea a pau, hoomaka ae la

Major kaua o ke Kaua Honua II, a nana pokole loa o ka pae'āina oi ma mua o kekahi manawa. Ma ia E e kūkākūkā i loko o kēia 'atikala.

Ua ka ulia, a kokololio Kelemānia hoouka ma Poland, a laila, i loko o nā'āinaʻEulopa nā alakaʻi i ka mea e ma ka 1941 i ka Nazis a me kā lākou mau allies hopuia nunui nā panalāʻau e. Poland Ua hee, iā Norway, Denmark, ka Netherlands, Lukemapuka a me Pelekiuma - e noho. France ua hiki lā 40 wale, ma hope i ka punawai i pio e pale aku. Nazis hanaia mai i ka nui make a me ka hoʻounaʻana i nā Beritania Army, a laila, komo aku la i ka aina o ka Balkans. I ka papa kuhikuhiE keʻakeʻa nei ma ka aoao o Kelemania, lilo ae la ke Army Red, a hoao iho la ia i ka nui kaua o ka Great Patriotic War i ka mana a me ka unbroken uhane o ka Soviet kanaka, e paku ana i ke ku okoa ana o ko lākou'āina - keia mea kekahi o na kuleana aʻe i loko o ka holomua kaua ana i ka enemi.

"Plan Barbarossa"

Na manao o ka German kauoha o ka USSR ua pono he pawn, i hiki ke hoopuni a koke eliminated, mai ke ala, ma ka ai-kapaia blitzkrieg, na loina i waiho mai i loko o "Plan Barbarossa".

Kona ulu Ua alakaʻiʻia General Fridriha Paulyusa. Ma lalo o keia manao, i ka Soviet lākou poʻe kaua e e luku i loko o ka pōkole au o Kelemania a me kona allies, a me na Europa hapa o ka Soviet Union - ua pio. Ua Ua hoi ea piha pio a me ka make ana o ka USSR.

Ka nui kaua o ka Great Patriotic War, ma ka mōʻaukala mea hōʻike, maopopo hoike ma aʻaoʻao i ka pomaikai ma ka hoʻomaka o ka confrontation, a pehea i loko o ka hopena ia i pau ai.

Ka pīhoihoi kumumanao o na kēia kanaka Kelemānia hilahila i na malama elima, i ka mea e e hiki ke hopu i ke kī kulanakauhale o ka USSR, a hele i ka laina o Arkhangelsk-Volga i Astrakhan. Ke kaua e kū'ē i ka Soviet Union ua ia e pau ma ka Akuma ka 1941. Au i manao mai ma luna o ka mea, Adolf Hitler. , Ma kana mau kauoha i ka hikina kuhikuhiʻeleu kau koa o Kelemania, a Ally'āina. He aha nō ka nui kaua o ke Kaua Honua II ka mea, i e hoomau a hiki i ka mea e, e hoomaopopoia au no ka impossibility o kukulu honua domination o Germany?

Ua Ua ea ae ka hana i ka hopena, e e pili ma ka aoao ekolu e koke hoʻolilo i kaʻenemi e kū ana i loko o ke ala o ka honua domination:

• Central (Minsk-Moscow laina);
• Hawaii (Ukraine, a me ka Black Sea);
• Koro (Leningrad a me ka Baltic'āina).

Ka nui kaua o ka Great Patriotic War: ka paio no ke poʻo

Ka hana e paʻa Moscow, codenamed "Typhoon". Ua i kona hoomaka ana ma September 1941.

Hoʻokō 'ana i ka papahana e hoʻopio i ke kapikala o ka USSR i kauohaia mai a hiki i ka hui ana o kaua "Center", ka mea i alakaʻiʻia Field Ilamuku Fedor av Bock. Hoa paio i oi Red Army ole wale ma ka helu o nā koa (1.2 manawa), akā, no hoi no armaments (oi ma mua o 2-pa). Aka, nui ke kaua ana o ke Kaua Honua II koke ho'āʻo i oi mea ole ka ikaika.

Ke kaua e ku ei na kēia kanaka Kelemānia ma keia ala e hiki aku i ka poʻe hao wale o ke Komohana Hema, Northwestern, Western Reserve a me fronts. Eia hou kekahi, heʻeleu loa i loko o nā hostilities i guerrillas a me militias.

Ka hoʻomaka o ka confrontation

I October, Ua uhaʻiʻia ke kikowaena kuhikuhi ka papa kuhikuhiE laina o Soviet pale: ka Nazis hopu Vyazma a me Bryansk. Ka lua o ka laina, a i paʻa kokoke Mozhaisk, e hoʻokele e hookaulua aku i ka hoouka kaua o ka lōʻihi. Ma Okatoba 1941, i ke poo o ka Western Front lilo Georgy Zhukov, ka mea i hai mai i ka moku'āina o ka hoʻopuniʻana i loko o Moscow.

Ma ka pau ana o Okatoba, i ka kaua i wahi pono 100 kilomika, mai ke poʻo.

Eia naʻe, lehulehu koa ana a me ka nui-unahiʻole, i kaua o ke Kaua Honua II, lawe mai i loko o ka papa o ke kulanakauhale ka mea e malu ai, i ole e na Kelemania e paʻa Moscow.

Ka popoiwi wahi i loko o ke kaua

Mua i loko o November 1941, i hooki i hala ho'āʻo Nazis naʻi Moscow. Pono ua i loko o ka Soviet Army, ka hoʻolako 'ia ma ia hele' ana o ka counteroffensive.

Ka German kauoha kumu o ka hoʻolako 'ole' hewa ia ma luna o ka Akuma ka ino ka ino a me ka alanui hewa. Ka nui kaua o ka Great Patriotic War ua hoʻoluli mai ia i ka hilinai nui o na kēia kanaka Kelemānia i loko o lākou iho invincibility. Ukiuki ole Führer kauoha e hopu i ka kapikala a hiki i ka hooilo anuanu, a me 15 November na kēia kanaka Kelemānia hou ho'āʻo e hele ma ke kūpono '. I loko nō o ka nunui ka pōʻino, ka Kelemānia lākou poʻe kaua e hoʻokele i hemo mai ma i ke kulanakauhale.

Naʻe, i hooki lākou hou holomua ma ka Nazis, a me ka ho'āʻo hope e hemo mai ma ke Moscow i pau ai ma ka ole.

I ka hope o ka 1941 i koho ma ka mua o ka Red Army ma kaʻenemi hao wale. I kakahiaka January 1942, e uhi i ka holoʻokoʻa alo laina. Nā poʻe hao wale o ka poʻe komohewa ua hooauheeia'ku lakou i 200-250 kilomika. E like me ka hopena o ka holomua hana, Soviet lākou poʻe kaua hookuuia ka Ryazan, Tula, ka Moscow māhele 'āina, e like me kekahi Apana o Orel, Smolensk, Kalinin wahi. Iloko o ka confrontation, Germany lilo he nui ka nui o ka ipu, a me kekahi 2,500 kāʻei pū a mea a me 1,300 poʻina nalu.

Ka nui kaua o ka Great Patriotic War, i loko o 'ana, i ke kaua no ka Moscow, hoao iho la e lanakila mea hiki ia, hoʻowahāwahā kona koa a me ka oaoieei superiority.

Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi e pili ana i ke kaua o Moscow

Kekahi o ka meaʻano nui kaua o ke kaua e kū'ē i ka Soviets'āina o ka Triple kuikahi - i ke kaua no ka Moscow, ua ka epitome o ka maikaʻi loa kumumanao no disrupting ka blitzkrieg. aole hoi io Soviet koa Owai la ka mea wale nō ke ala, e pale aku i ka hopu ana o kaʻenemi ka kulanakauhale alii.

No laila, i ka confrontation o ka Red Army koa holo akula i loko o ka lani nunui, 35-mika, balloons. Ke kumu o kēia mau hana,ʻo ia, e emi i ka ka makemakeʻana miomio o Kelemānia Bombers. Mau colossus kū aʻela i ke kiekie o ka 3-4 kilomika, a, oiai e haule ana, nui complicates i ka hana o kaʻenemi mokulele.

Ma ke kaua o ka oi ma mua o ehiku miliona kanaka i kuleana no ke kulanakauhale alii. No laila, ka mea, ua manaoia kekahi o ka mea nui.

Koʻikoʻi kūlana ma ke kaua o Moscow hoʻokani Ilamuku Konstantin Rokossovsky, nana i alakai i ka 16-la poe koa. Ma ka haule ana o ka 1941 i kona pūʻali kaua wahi ka Volokolamsk a me Leningrad alanui,ʻaʻole i hiki i ka enemi e hemo mai ma i ke kulanakauhale. Ke pale ana mau pule ma kēia paena: floodgates i puhi Istra? Aieeeua, a noʻu nō nā hoʻokokoke mai ai i ke kulanakauhale alii.

Kekahi hana hoihoi mea i loko o ka mōʻaukala o nā kaʻao kaua: ma ka waena o Okatoba 1941 i paa i ka Moscow Metro. Ka mea, ua i ka wale lā i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka Moscow Metro, ka wā ia i ole e holopono ana. Ke panic kena ae la ia e kēia hanana alakaʻi ai i ka ai-kapaia Exodus - i ke kulanakauhale i haalele, hoomaka ae la e hoaka aʻela ia i kanaka Kalihiwai. Ke kahua Ua ola i ka mea e lawe uaua hana ku e pio ai, a marauders, e like me ka mea hiki ke komo maluna pana komohewa. Kēia mea i papani ai hoi i ka Exodus ana o kanaka, mai Moscow a me ka paʻa panic.

Kaua o Stalingrad

Ka nui loa ke kaua ana o ke Kaua Honua II i wahi ma luna o ka outskirts o ke kī kūlanakauhale o ke aupuni. Kekahi o ka mea nui loa confrontation i ke kaua o Stalingrad, a ua lawe pio i kekahi Hoʻohana mai July 17, 1942 a hiki i Pepeluali 2, 1943.

Ke AIM o na kēia kanaka Kelemānia ma keia wahi i ka Hopu a hiki i kaʻaoʻao hema o ka USSR, ma laila nō e hana lehulehu o metallurgical a me ka mea e malu ai na hana, e like me kumu o ka ai me ke koe.

Education Stalingrad Front

Iloko o ke kūpono 'ka Nazis a me kā lākou mau allies, ka Soviet lākou poʻe kaua ua hoano e ka nui poino i loko o ke kaua no ka Kharkov; Au i paopao Komohana Hema alo; Ua hoopuehuia lakou poe a me regiments o ka Red Army, a me ka nele o ka paa oihana keia oihana, a hamama hehi i na kēia kanaka Kelemānia i ka manawa e heleʻaneʻane unchecked i loko o ka Caucasus.

ua haawi mai ia i ka seemingly Ka Ho 'Oponopono kahua o ka USSR Hitler ka hilinai i loko o ka wā e hiki mai kokoke pomaikai. Ma kana mau kauoha, ua māheleʻia ka Army "South" i loko o 2 māhele - i ka manao o ka "A" i ka hopu ana o ka Northern Caucasus, e like me ka hapa o ka "B" - Stalingrad, kahi kahe Volga - i ka papa kuhikuhiE wai artery o ka aina.

I loko o ka pōkole wā i laweʻia Rostov-ma-Don, a me na kēia kanaka Kelemānia nui ma Stalingrad. Aie i ka mea i loko o kēia wahi, he hookahi 2 Army, i hana i ka nunui kalepa Jam. E like me ka hopena, kekahi o ka poʻe kaua i ka mea e hoʻi i ka Caucasus. Kēia hitch lohi i ke kūpono 'ana no ka pule a pau.

Ma July 1942, ka mea i hanaʻia e ka hookahi Stalingrad Front, i ka manao o ka a ua, e hoomalu iho i ke kulanakauhale, mai o ka enemi a me ka pale a papa hana. A pau i ka ka manaʻo pohihihi o ka pilikia ua i ka lānai hou i hana hapa i ole i ka hoao ana o ke alu like 'ana, uaʻaʻohe ammunition, aʻaʻole nō hoʻi he pale aku ia lakou.

Soviet poʻe hao wale, he mua ma ka helu ana o Kelemānia kanaka, akā, emi iki mahope o ia ia ma ka aneane hapalua ma ka pono a me ka mea kaua i nele i kekahi.

KeʻAʻole eʻole ke paio o ka Red Army kiola iho la oia i ka enemi e komo ai i Stalingrad, akā, i loko o September, ua neʻe i ke kaua, mai ka outlying like i loko o ke kūlanakauhale. I ka hopena o Aukake, na hoopai ana a hiki i ka make ana o Stalingrad na kēia kanaka Kelemānia, mua i hoʻonohonoho ai i ka bombing, a laila, e hoolei ana i ka mea kiʻekiʻe-pahū a mea hō'ā ahi hopeʻia.

Hana "alii"

Noho kaua no na mika o ka aina. I ka hopena o na mahina o ka confrontation Ua lilo ka popoiwi wahi i loko o ke kaua, ma January 1943 a hemo i ka hana "alii", a mau ae la 23 lā.

Kona hopena ua ka pio o kaʻenemi, e luku i kona poe koa, a me ka hoihoi ma Pepeluali 2 koena hao wale. Kēia pomaikai i ka Hopu i loko o ka papa o ke koa ana, ua hoʻoluli mai ia i ka oihana o Kelemania, a nīnau kona hopena ma luna o nā Hawaii. He haawi mai la i ka Soviet kanaka manaʻolana no ka wā e hiki mai ka lanakila.

Ke kaua o Kursk

Lanakila Kelemānia koa a me kona allies ma Stalingrad lilo ka impetus no ka mea i Hitler, i mea e pale aku i ka centrifugal tendencies loko o ka Union o ka Tripartite Pact, ua hoʻoholo ihola e lawe mai i ka nui ana ma ke kūpono 'ana i ka Red Army, i loaa i ka pā'ālua inoa "Susana,". Ke kaua, hoomaka ae la ma o Iulai 5 o ka hookahi makahiki. Ua hemo nā kēia kanaka Kelemānia i ka hou poʻina nalu i i ole hooweliweli i ka Soviet poʻe hao wale, e hoolako ia me ka mana e kū'ē'ē mai. Ma 7 o Iulai i ka poe kaua elua i lilo i ka nui nui ana o kanaka a me ka pono, a me ka pahu kaua ma lalo o Ponyri alakai aku ai i ka emi ana o ka helu nui o Kelemānia hi a me kanaka. Kēia Ua hoao he nui ololi e attenuate Nazis Kursky protrusion ma'ākau Hoʻohana.

Record pahu kaua

July 8 ma Prokhorovka Ua hoʻopaʻaʻia ka nui pahu kaua o ke Kaua Honua II. Komo i loko o ka hālāwai kūkā i hele ma kahi o 1.200 ka hakakä kaa. Ke standoff mau ae la ia no kekahi mau lā. Ke climax hele mai ma luna o 12 o Iulai, i ka wa o ka Prokhorovka i wahi i ka mea ia manawa mau kaua pahu i pau ai i loko o ka huki. I loko nō o ka mea i kekahi o na aoao elua i pio he kuleana Initiative, ka Kelemānia kūpono 'Ua pani, a hoʻoneʻe i ke kūpono' hapa o ka la 17 o Iulai kūlana pale pae o ke kaua. Kona hopena ua i ua pahu hoʻi ma kaʻaoʻao hema o ka Kursk salient na kēia kanaka Kelemānia, i kā lākou mua hoʻomoana. Ma 'Aukake, Belgorod a me Orel i hoʻokuʻuʻia.

He aha ka nui kaua ma luna o ka Great Patriotic War? Kēia kaua i ke kue i ka Kursk, he kuleana chord a - ka liberation o Kharkiv 23.08.1944 makahiki. Kēia hanana Ua pau i ka moʻo o ka nui kaua i loko o ka Soviet Union ia i ka hoʻomaka o ka liberation o Europe ma Soviet koa.

Major kaua o ke Kaua Honua II: i ka papaʻaina

No ka hoomaopopo maikaʻi o ke kaua, o ka oi aku ma ka pili ana i ka loa nui o kona kaua, aia no he papa hōʻike ana i ka periodical kekahi hanana.

Major kaua o ke Kaua Honua II, i keia la nona ka inoa i ike, kanaka o nā makahiki, ua lilo i indisputable hoike ana i ka mana o ka uhane a me ka makemake o ka Soviet kanaka, e ole ae i ka paa o ka noho aliʻi o nā fascists,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o ka Soviet Union, akā, i nā hualoaʻa a.