Feudal fragmentation - a hoʻoholo i ke kahua o Europa? Acaeoey

Feudal fragmentation - he mea hoʻonāwaliwali maoli nō o kikowaena moku'āina mana me ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i i ka wā hoʻokahi o kaʻike ākea wahi o ka aina. Ke kau pili wale i medieval Europe me kona subsistence a me ka'ōnaehana o ka pio ana. Feudal fragmentation i ua loaʻa ma ka mahuahua o lālā o nā aliʻi dynasties, i ka mea ia manawa kuleana i ka noho aliʻi. A me keia ololi, ka hoahanau koa nawaliwali o medieval aliʻi ma mua o ka hui koa o ko lākou mau koa i alakai aku ai i ka mea i mua o ka hoomaka nui ana e wawahi i ka mai i lehulehu na alii, o ka Duchy a me nā hoʻoponopono-kālai'āina hooilina. Fragmentation ia, o ka papa, ua ua loaʻa ma ka Pahuhopu evolution o ka waiwai a me ka nohona? Acaeoey o 'Eulopa, nae, conditional minute o ka hoʻomaka o feudal fragmentation kapa 843 i ka makahiki, i ka wa o ka ekolu moʻopuna kāne Karla Velikogo kakauinoa i kekahi kuikahi o Verdun i mahele ia i ka aina i ekolu wahi. Ua mea, mai kēia mau scraps o Charlemagne ka aupuni a pau a laila hānau, Palani a me Hawaii. I ka pau ana o keia manawa ma Europa mōʻaukala e pili ana i ka XVI kenekulia, i ke au o ka hooikaika ana aliʻi mana - absolutism. ʻOiaiʻo ia Kelemānia aina e hoʻokele e hui pu iho la i kekahi moku'āina wale nō i ka 1871. A laila, ma ke kaʻawale mai ethnically German Liechtenstein, Austria, a Kuikilana.

Feudal fragmentation ma Rus

Europa ka welelau o X-XVI kenekulia, ua i hookoeia a me ka wahi lulu na'lii. I ka Ia manawa, i ka feudal fragmentation o medieval Lūkini moku'āina i ka helu o nā hiʻona i differentiate ia mai ke ano o ke komohana Lolina. Ka mua bele i ka pono o ka moku'āina disintegration ua mua lilo i ka make ana o Prince Svyatoslav i ka 972, ma hope o kāna mau keiki kāne a hoomaka mua internecine kaua no ka noho aliʻi o Kiev. Ke aliʻi hope o Amerika Kievan Rus ua manaoia e ia i ke keiki Vladimira Monomaha, Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich, ka mea i make i ka 1132. Ma hope o kona make ana ua lilo ka moku'āina Ua maheleia i fiefdoms hooilina, a, aole loa kipi i loko o kā lākou kikokikona palapala.

O ka holo ana, ia He mea e hewa ke kamailio e pili ana i kekahi-ke kahua me ka palaho Kiev waiwai. Feudal fragmentation i loko o Rusia, e like me ia ma 'Eulopa, ua i ka hopena o ka Pahuhopu keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka hooikaika ana kūloko'āina boyars. Lawa ka lalau wale, a he nui ona boyars lilo hou e pono e malama i ko lakou mau luna, e hilinai ana ma luna o lākou, a me ka noonoo i ko lakou pomaikai, aole i ma mua o koe kupaʻa ma Kiev. Ua ae ka kaikaina keiki kāne, nā hoahānau, moʻopuna kāne a me nā hanauna o ke aliʻi, e kū'ē iā centralization.

Like no ka hiʻona o na disintegration, e moe kuhikuhi ia ma ka ai-kapaia lestvicheskoy'ōnaehana ma i, o ka luna o ka make ma hope o ka hele o ka noho aliʻi i kona kaikaina, a me ka ole i ke keikikane, e like me ka mea i loko o Western Europe (Salic kānāwai). Kēia, nae, ua ke kumu o ka mau internecine kaua ma waena o nā keiki kāne a me nā moʻopuna kāne a me nā Lūkini i nohoaliʻi XIII-XVI kenekulia. Russian'āina i loko o ka feudal au, hoomaka ae la ia e ka nui helu o ke kuokoa i ko na'lii. Rise o ka kūloko maikai 'ohana a me nā aliʻi pā hale i Rusia ke muli o ka Novgorod Repubalika, i ke ala hou ana o ka Galicia-Volyn a me Vladimir-Suzdal na'lii, i ka mea i hanaia a me ka ala o Moscow. Ka mea, ua ka Moscow aliʻi, a me ka abolition o feudal fragmentation, a hana Lūkini aupuni.