Ke koko mai ka arteries a hiki i na aa koko loaʻa? Physiology o ke koko holo. Ke koko a me ke koko holo

No ka maʻamau hana o nā mea a pau nā loko, a nenoai o kanaka kino ka nui ikaika lako hou i ka mahuaola a me ka oxygen, e like me 'eleu ana o ka'ōpala hoʻi a me ka neoneo. Manaʻo o kēia mau mea nui keʻano o ka hanaʻana e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ke koko holo. Ma kēia 'atikala e nānā mākou i ke kanaka circulatory'ōnaehana, e like me wehewehe ana i ke koko mai ka artery komo na aa koko, e like me ka mea circulates ma ka ipu koko, a pehea ka nui hui, o ka circulatory nenoaiu - naau.

Ka like ana o ke koko holo mai kahiko a hiki i ka XVII kenekulia

Holo kanaka pili nui haumana ma luna o nā kenekulia. Ke kahiko haumana Hippocrates a me Aristotle manaʻo i nā mea a pau kino somehow interrelated. Lakou i manaoio aku ua kanaka koko holo he o nā hookaawale nenoai i mea ole i pili i kekahi i kekahi. O ka holo ana, ua hewa kā lākou mau manaʻo. Ka mea, ua hōʻoleʻia e ka Roma kauka Kelaudio Galen, ka poe i hoao experimentally i ka naau kolo ana ke koko ma na aa koko mea,ʻaʻole wale nō, akā, no hoi ma na arteries. Up a ka XVII kenekulia, nä känaka 'epekema he o ka manao i ke koko hele, mai ka akau a hiki i ka atrium hema ma ka septum. Wale i ka 1628 i ka Hopu: English anatomist Uilyam Garvey i loko o kona puke "Ka anatomical study ma luna o na holoholona ka noi o ka naau a me ke koko," a hoike aku la i kona hou pähola 'o ka holo ana o ke koko. He experimentally hoao i ka mea kolo ana ma ka arteries o ka naau ventricles, a laila, e huli hou ma na aa koko a hiki i ka atria a me ka hiki ole loa ke hua mai i loko o ke akepaʻa. Uilyam Garvey i ka mua kanaka e quantify hua'ōlelo o cardiac auaiaea. kēia noaia o ke kanaka koko holo i hoʻokumu i ke kumu o kona hana, a me nā puni.

E möakäka hou mai o ka circulatory'ōnaehana

No ka lōʻihi manawa e noho unanswered nīnauʻano nui i: "Pehea ke koko mai arteries komo i ke aa koko." Wale i ka hopena o ke kenekulia XVII Marcello Malpighi loaʻa kūikawā huahelu o na moku koko - capillaries i hoʻohui na aa koko a me arteries.

I ka wā e hiki mai, he nui loa nä känaka 'epekema (Stiven Heylz, Daniel Bernoulli, Euler, Poiseuille, etc.) hana ma luna o ka pilikia o ke koko holo, a me ana venous, arterial ke koko, ka buke keʻena o ka naau, i ka elasticity o na arteries a me nā mea kiko'î. I ka makahiki 1843, he nä känaka 'epekema Jan Purkinje i manaoia kuhiakau i ka' epekema kaiāulu i ka emi ana ma systolic buke o ka naau i ke omo ia ma luna o ka ohi kae o ka haʻalele akemāmā. I ka 1904, I. P. Pavlov i nui nā haʻawina i ka 'epekema ma ka hooiaio ana, he eha EII ni i loko o ka naʻau, a me ka ole elua i mua manaʻo. I ka pau ana o ka iwakālua kenekulia pilikia e hoao hoi ke kumu i ka puʻe i loko o ka mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko'ōnaehana, ma luna o ka lewa puʻe.

Physiology o ke koko holo: na aa koko, capillaries a me arteries

Mahalo i nā kānakaʻepekema a pau hoʻokolokolo 'ana i ua ike i ke koko ua mau neʻe ma kūikawā puha paipu, a i he okoa ke anawaena. Ka mea, e ole uhai aku, a hele aku i loko o ka 'ē aʻe, ma ia ho okumu i ka hookahi paʻa circulatory kahua. A pau ekolu ikeia ke ano o na moku koko: arteries, aa koko, capillaries. meaʻokoʻa i loko o nā hale a pau o ia mau mea. Nā arteries nā kīʻaha i i ke koko kahe i na nā loko o ka naau. Loko ka mea, i hoalaala ia me ka hookahi ahu iho la ka epithelium a me connective'aʻaʻa i waho iwi. Ka waena, ahu iho ninoieo o ka arterial pa ala apuupuu Muscle. Ka nui moku o ka aorta. ʻO nā loko a me nā'aʻaʻa o na arteries e māheleʻia i loko o liʻiliʻi ipu koko kapaia arterioles. Lakou, ma ka huli, lala i capillaries, a i haku o ka hookahi ahu iho la ka epithelial'aʻaʻa, a e aia i loko o ka hakahaka ma waena o aeee. Capillaries i kūikawā ili ma i ka wai, oxygen, monakō koko a me nā waiwai e kaʻi aku i loko o'aʻaʻa loli. Ke koko mai ka arteries a hiki i na aa koko loaʻa? Mai na kino ana ua hoonele ia ka o oxygen, a lako oukou me ke kalapona'okikene lua, a ua alakaʻi ma ka capillaries i venules. Eia, e huli i ka atrium akau o ka lalo, luna puha a me ka coronary aa koko. Aa koko i ke aupuni 'hou surfactants a i kūikawā semilunar kiwikā, e pono ai i ka neʻeʻana o ke koko.

holo

All moku, hoʻohuiʻia e hana mau koʻikoʻi a hanohano, i ka poe i kaheaia ma ka nui a me ka meaʻuʻuku. Me Kinohi hoʻolako saturation o nā loko, a'aʻaʻa oxygen ma-waiwai koko. Ke systemic holo Ua like penei: ka atrium hema a hiki i ka akau, i ka mea ia manawa ua hoemi, ma ia hele 'ana o ke koko kahe i loko o ka ventricle hema. Mai laila ua kuhikuhi i ke koko i loko o ka aorta, mai i ka mea mau i ka neʻeʻana i loko o nā arteries a me arterioles, holo i kekahiʻaoʻao i nā nā'aʻaʻa o ka mea a pau meaola. I ke koko Ua laila hoʻi ma na aa koko, a hele aku i loko o ka atrium akau.

Ke koko a me ka holo: he uuku kaiapili

Ka lua o ka holo hoomaka ma ka ventricle akau a me ka welau ma ka atrium hema. E like me ka mea circulates i ke koko ma na maʻiʻaʻai. Physiology o ke koko holo i loko o ka uuku kaiapili mea. Ka ho'ēmiʻana o ka pono ventricular koko hoʻolako kuhikuhi ana i loko o ka pulmonary kumu, a lala mai a hiki i ka nui pukapuka o pulmonary capillaries. Ke koko, komo i loko o ia mau mea, oxygenated ma ka akemāmā hoʻokomo ea, a laila, huli i ke atrium hema. Mākou ke manao nei makou i mau holo ana o ke koko, mua ka mea, ua kuhikuhi ia ma ka p ÷ ai nui i na nā'aʻaʻa, a hoʻi, a laila, i ka meaʻuʻuku - i loko o nā maʻiʻaʻai kahi i oxygen ua paʻa kūhohonu loa. Kanaka koko holo ia lŘlŘ ma muli o ke rhythmic cardiac hana a me ke koena unuhi o ka puʻe i loko o nā arteries a me aa koko.

circulatory nā loko: naau

kanaka circulatory'ōnaehana kikowaena, ma ka hou ana i arteries, aa koko a me capillaries, me ka naau. He He muscular hui, puha loko, a me ka tapered shape. Heart, e moe ana i loko o ka thoracic lua, mea i loaʻa i loko o ka pericardium oia hoi o connective'aʻaʻa. Bag e hōʻoiaʻiʻo a eia i wetting i ka ili o ka naau, a me malama kona loaʻao ka ho'ēmiʻana. I ka pa o ka naau ua hana o ekolu mau papa: ka endocardium (pahale), myocardium (waena) a me ka epicardial (mawaho). E like me ka 'ole o ka naau Muscle mea kekahi reminiscent o striated Muscle, akā, i hoʻokahi kiʻiona hiʻona - i ka hiki i ka' akomi 'emi, nānā' ole o ka mawaho aku ana. Kēia no laila,-kapa automaticity. Ua lilo ia i hiki ma kūikawā nā aʻalolo aeee i i loaʻa ma ka Muscle a paka rhythmic excitation.

Ka 'ole o ka naau

Na na 'ole o ka naʻau , ua like penei. Ua Ua maheleia i mau halves, hema a me ka pololei, he paa pa. Kēlā me kēia hapalua, he mau māhele - atrium a me ka ventricle. Ka mea, e pili ana ma ka puka i hoʻolako me ka huʻa kiwikā, i weheʻia i loko o kaʻaoʻao ventricular. Ma ka hapa hema o ka naau kiwikā o ua mau puapua, a ma ka akau - ekolu. Ma ka atrium'ākau i ke koko mai, mai ka luna, i ka lalo o ka puha, a me ka coronary aa koko o ka naau, a me ka hema - o ka pulmonary aa koko eha. Ka'ākau ventricle haawi ala i ka pulmonary kumu, i ua maheleia i loko o kona mau lala elua, hāpai koko a hiki i ka ia maʻiʻaʻai. Ka hema ventricle hoouna mai i ke koko a hiki i ka hema aortic e pio. Ma na palena o na ventricles, e hoonohonoho pulmonary a aortic semilunar kiwikā me ekolu kiwikā o kēlā me kēia. Ka mea, e lawe aku i ka panina lumens aorta a me pulmonary kumu, a hele moku ke koko, a pale aku backflow ana o ke koko i loko o ka ventricles.

Ka ekolu kūlana o ka naau Muscle

Ke alternation o contraction a me ka hoʻomaha o ka naau Muscle e leie aku koko e kūhōhō ma ka mau holo. Aia i ekolu kūlana ma ka hana ana o ka naau.

• atrial contraction;
• contraction o na ventricles (systole ole);
• hoʻomaha no nā ventricles a me atria (ole diastole).

Cardiac kalapona o ka manawa, mai kekahi i kekahi atrial contraction. All cardiac ha awina ninoieo o ka pōʻaiapuni, kela mea keia mea o ka i ninoieo o systole a me ka diastole. Hoemiia naau Muscle ka hola 70-75 manawa no kekahi minuke (ina i ke kino o i maha), a laila e pili ana i 100 tausani. Times no ka lā. I ka Ia manawa ia EII ni oi mamua o 10 tausani. Nā lika o ke koko. Kēia ka hoʻokōʻana kiʻekiʻe ua hana Hoʻonui i ke koko na lako i ka naʻau Muscle, e like me ka nui helu o metabolic keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o laila. ʻO ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana, pakahi aku la ia kona vegetative Oihana regulates ka functioning o ka naau. Kekahi mau kōkua aloha o olona, hoʻohuiʻana paha i ka ho'ēmiʻana i stimulation, ka mea 'ē aʻe - ka parasympathetic - ma ka mea ku ole, hoʻonāwaliwali i a' ūlōlohi mai ana i ka naau. Ma waho aʻeo ia na ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana regulates i ka naau a me ka humoral. No ka laʻana, epinephrine hōʻeleu i kona hana, a ua mahuahua potasiuma maʻiʻo inhibits ia.

lāʻau ikiʻai wale manaÿo

Lāʻau ikiʻai wale kapaia rhythmic oscillations anawaena moku (arteries), a i ke kumu ma ka cardiac haʻawina. I ka holo ana o ke koko ma na arteries, me ka aorta, a ua lawe mai i ka mämä holo o ka 500 mm o / s. Ma lahilahi moku, capillaries, koko ua ka meheu o ia nunui (mai ka 0.5 mm o / s). Oia ka haʻahaʻa māmā holo o ke koko ma na capillaries e leie aku e haawi ana i ka oxygen ma a me ka māhuaola i nā'aʻaʻa, a lawe i ko lakou metabolic huahana. Ma na aa koko, ke kokoke i ka puu wai, koko māmā holo, piʻi pū.

He aha ka ke koko?

Kēia manawa pili i ka hydrodynamic puʻe o ke koko i loko o ka arteries, aa koko, capillaries. Ke koko, ikeia like me ka hopena o kona ha awina i ka naau, i EII ni ke koko i loko o ka ipu, a me ka mea e pale aku. Kona waiwai i loko o nāʻano o nā moku loli aʻe. Ke koko, piʻina me ka emi iho ma systole a me ka diastole wā. Heart ejects koko hapa, i Hoʻonui i ka pono o nā paia o ka Central arteries a me ka aorta. Kēia i ka mea kiʻekiʻe ke koko: Systolic i kā mākou Hawaiʻi e like me 120 mm o Hg. Art a me ka diastolic -. 70 mm o Hg. Art. Ma diastole, ka lalau pā ua'opihia, ma laila e hookuke koko ma na arterioles a no hoi ia ia. I ka koko kahe ana ma ka capillaries o ka gradual kulu i loko o ke koko, i 40 mm o Hg. Art. a ma lalo. Ma ka hoʻololi capillary venules i loko o ke koko, mea wale 10 mm o Hg. Art. Kēiaʻano papa hana ua kena ae la ia e kū'ē ana i na (particles) o ke koko moku pā i ke kiʻekiʻe o hoopanee i ke kahe o ke koko. Na aa koko hoomau kulu i loko o ke koko,. Ke puha aa koko, e lilo ia i hiki iki ma lalo ka lewa. Kēia likeʻole ma waena o nā hopena maikaʻi puʻe i loko o ka puha aa koko, a kiʻekiʻe puʻe i loko o ka pulmonary artery, a me ka aorta, a e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana holo ana o ke kanaka.

Ke koko, huahelu

Loaa ia i ke koko, cia hiki ke hana i nāʻaoʻao. Invasive iaoia kŰia hookomo o ka catheter i pili ai i ke ana'ōnaehana, i loko o kekahi o nā arteries (pinepine kahahānai). Keia papa hana i ka mea e hiki ai, e noke ana i ka manaʻo koikoi, a no ka loaa i aloha pololei hopena. A 'ole-invasive hana no ke ana ana i ke koko, komo ai i ka hoʻohana' ana o Hereme, kalaka nui-akomi, 'akomi a aneroid sphygmomanometers. Nui, me ka manaʻo koikoi ana ma ka lima, heʻuʻuku ma luna o ke kuʻekuʻe aku. Ke kūpono waiwai e hōʻike mai ana i ka waiwai o ka'aloʻahiʻa mea i loko o ka artery, akā,ʻaʻole ma ke kino. Naʻe, i kēia huahelu paipai i ka nui o ke koko, i loko o ka hōʻike. Meaning circulatory, alahula mau. Me ka mea ana neʻeʻana o ke koko hiki ole e maʻamau pūnao. A, ola mea hiki ole, a me ka functioning o ke kino. Ano, e ike ana i ke koko mai ka artery komo na aa koko, a pehea ka holo kaʻina. Mākou manaʻolana mākou 'atikala i Ua kōkua maikaʻi ia oe.