Ke kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka 20th kenekulia: laekahi kuhikuhipuʻuone

O ka au ma ka mōʻaukala a hooku iho la ke Kiure 'ole,, ia nae o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka 20th kenekulia ua wehewehe aku ma ka mea ana i ka hao i hiki hou kiʻekiʻe - mai ka soaring skyscrapers i kū hoʻokahi, ke manao hale. Ka hoʻomaka o ka mea i waiho ia ma ka huli ana o ka 20th kenekulia kekahi o na mau mea mua, i ikeia me he modernist i hui functionalism me aesthetic ideals, akā, hoowahawaha mai i ka panina kauoha. He ho'āʻo e hui pu iho la na kumu mua nń ku kuhikuhipuʻuone manao, a me nā mea kū i o kokololioʻanoʻenehana ka holomua a me ka modernization o ke kaiāulu kanaka, me ka a pau.

I mau, ke kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka 20th kenekulia - o ka hulina ana i ke ano o ka lehulehu manao kula, kuhikuhi a me keʻano o nā styles. Mawaena o ka nui inoa o na kanaka, ka poe i reformers ma ka kuhikuhipuʻuone nō, a wālua i ke ala no ka palapala manao, a ana-palena HOU, E ke kapa Le Korbyuze, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Walter Gropius, Frank Lloyd Wright, Luisa Sallivana, Oscar Niemeyer a me Alvar Aalto.

No laila, mua o nā mea a pau, ke kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka 20th kenekulia ua poe ma ka neʻeʻana iʻikeʻia i ke kālā no kuhikuhipuʻuone, a me ka uhi ana i ka wā mai ka 1900 a hiki i 1970-1980 (maʻEulopa aina a me Rusia). Ua nā mau wahi (functionalism a me ka constructivism, brutalism a me ka rationalism, ke aloha kuhikuhipuʻuone, Bauhaus a me Art Deco, kūwaho hoʻi kaila), akā, ka mea a pau kaʻana like 'ana, he pono ole ano.

Hoikehonua, kuhikuhipuʻuone imi iho la e hookupaa i ka manao hale em ala hele o ka Classic i ka manaʻo nui a me ka mea hoʻokomo aku i wahi, me ka mana o ka wā e hiki mai hale a me kā lākou 'ia. "Palapala penei papa" (i ka olelo a Luisa Sallivana, la me ka manao ana o ka manao manaʻo e e ma muli pololei ma ka iaea ooieoeiiaeuiiai manao o ke kūkulu o ka mea). No ka laʻana, Frenk Lloyd Rayt Ua ikea iho la no ka mea i ka manao o ka haleʻo ia ke kuhikuhi aʻo i kaʻoihana ma ka wahi, kahi ana e kūkulu i ka hale. I mai la ia i ka mea e e "pu me ka aina," i mea, e integral.

i kakahiaka nui 20th kenekulia kuhikuhipuʻuone ka loaʻa o ke kēia unifying ano no na wahi i haiia ae maluna - o ka hana i loko o ka hana o ka hou technologically holomua hale pono hana (e like, pōhaku puna), i ka wa e kaawale aku o Nani Loa lāliʻi, i loko o nā hua'ōlelo,ʻaʻohe mōʻaukala Na Haawina Mua ma ka nānā aku, a e loaa i kekahi mea maopopo hale palapala.

Ke kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka 20th kenekulia i loko o Rusia popularized i loko o ka palapala o ka constructivism, o ka oi aku kupu i loko o 1920-1930. Constructivism alu holomua ike loea a me ka hou aesthetics o ka Communist akeakamai a me ka nohona Pahuhopu e kūkulu i ka moku'āina. Kekahi o na Mamua o ka neʻeʻana - Konstantin Melnikov, ka poe i papahana ke kaulana Melnikov House ma Moscow, i mea he hōʻailona o ka constructivism a me Soviet avant-garde i nā mea a pau. ʻOiai ka neʻeʻana i maheleia i mau hoʻokūkū ana kula i loko o ka wā o kona kū i na hale nui i kukuluia, a ka mea, haule iho la mai o ka lokomaikai a me ka Soviet alakaʻi e pili ana i ka 1932. Akā, constructivist 'ole hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka ma hope Soviet kuhikuhipuʻuone.

Mai ke kakahiaka nui 1980s, ke kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka 20th kenekulia uaʻike piʻi i kekahi hihia ma ka hua'ōlelo o mall nenoai (lawelawe, ikehu, 'ike loea) i multidistsiplinoy me specializations no kēlā me kēiaʻano papahana. Eia hou, na ka nohoaliʻi mahele i loko o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone kaʻoihana kahuna e like me he kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone, akamai a me ka poʻe akamai, guaranteeing i ka wā e hiki mai no? Ieoaeunoaa paena halawai mai la me nā mea a pau e ponoʻanoʻenehana hae. Akā, o ka papa, o kona? Aneie kuleana, a me ka papa kuhikuhiE Hoʻohaku pukana nui noonoo ma ka Contemporary kuhikuhipuʻuone.