Ke poʻokela kuhikuhipuʻuone kia hoʻomanaʻo i o St. Petersburg: papa inoa, hōʻikeʻano, photo

An poʻokela 'aoʻao o ka luna' - kuhikuhipuʻuone kia hoʻomanaʻo i o St. Petersburg o ka loaʻa kekahi hiʻona o ka Mokuna kulanakauhale oaio, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i ka mea, ua ka opiopio kapikala o ko ke ao nei. Kūlana St. Petersburg ua noʻonoʻo kūpono mai regular mau hale, kupaianaha proportionality o nā mea a pau hoʻokiwikā Ensemble a me ka lokahi ma ka kaila polyphony ma ka nānaina o ka loa haʻahaʻa-ki 'āina. Ia mea, a me ka waiwai i ke ao nei o ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i ke akamai a me ka kuhikuhipuʻuone o St. Petersburg.

Styles a me ka haku

Na hale i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, e like me na mea a pau umikumamalima okoa kuhikuhipuʻuone styles, i ka papa kuhikuhiE hiki ke kapaia baroque - o Petero a me Elisabeta, Classicism, aupuni a pau, eclectic, laekahi a me ka constructivism. Italian Baroque - ka flowering manawa o ka absolutism - mai ka 16 a hiki i 18 kenekulia. Eia lanakila ana eiiieaena curvilinear,ʻano, nani a me ka quirkiness. Kuhikuhipuʻuone kia hoʻomanaʻo i o St. Petersburg nō ke kaila o loa'ōlewa.

No Petero kuhikuhipuʻuone i loko o Rusia i kapaia "Lūkini lauana ka" hookomo a pinepine aku me ka Byzantine kauoha i loko o ka hana ana o ka luakini. Russian baroque - ka hoʻokuʻi pū o kēia mau styles. Eia naʻe, Moscow a me Petero ka baroque OAOOUIEeE ole wale mai kekahi i kekahi akā, no hoi a hiki i ka nui loa - mai WesternʻEulopa. Inā mākou e hoohalike ai i ka kuhikuhipuʻuone kia hoʻomanaʻo i o St. Petersburg ka Petrovsky ana nou i ka piko o kekahi kahiko Ikalia a Farani kulanakauhale, e hiki kino hōʻoia i kēia.

Petero ka baroque

Tsar Peter ka makemake, e kono aku ia nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone, mai ke komohana, a me ka hopena o ka Kelemānia-Hōlani-Italian-Palani ke kākoʻo '-hanaia'na o keia kŰia ku ae la o St. Petersburg kaila. Ka mea, ua ka Great Northern War,? Eeuo hale i kūkulu aneane overhauled, pono makeshift laau koke.

Akā, i laila he mau nā hale iʻike mākou wā: ka shipyard, ke awa, ka pakaua - me ka mea, terse,ʻuʻumi iho i a me ka naauao kuhikuhipuʻuone hanaia ma lalo o nui ole o ka Hōlani a me na kēia kanaka Kelemānia.

ole Stucco, porticoes a me colonnades a pau, akā, na facades, he pinepine pediments, volutes, pilasters, a me ka hale - spiers e Pono nń a pau i ka vertical a me ka papamoe, kuhikuhi. Loko o ka hale ua loa pinepine? Oaony i ka Pakipika. O laila, i lako pono i ka hale poni o 'Ia, a holo ka wai.

examples

Temple a me ka puʻukaua kuhikuhipuʻuone ua noʻonoʻo, akā, leo hone bele hale kiaʻi o Petero a me Paul Hale Pule Nui, Saint Panteleimon ekalesia, o Petero, a Paul hūlili me kona Peter Trail, Summer Palace o Petero ka Nui, Menshikov Palace, He umikumamalua Collegia, Kikin keena o Curiosities, Alexander Nevsky Lavra, Italian hale ma Kronstadt . ʻO nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka manawa: mg Zemtsov, Domenico Trezzini, A. Schluter, JB Leblon, G. Mattarnovi, JM Fontana.

Elizaveta Petrovna

Petra Velikogo ka kaikamahine a ua lōʻihi lākou, mai kona makuakane i ka hale iʻini ma waho, akā, a pau o kona au, e pili i ka manaʻo o ka 'Āpana' Eulopa Baroque i loko o kona oi maemae palapala, no ka mea, i ke aupuni a pau ma lalo o kona lima ua pololi nani, nani a me ka grandeur. Kuhikuhipuʻuone kia hoʻomanaʻo i o St. Petersburg o ka 18th kenekulia loa maopopo i emi iho i ka pono kaila o ke kulanakauhale. Kukulu ia i ka nui cathedrals, maha, wahi i noho ai, hale aliʻi - a pau i ka oi Nani Loa i pena a me ka ea, a me ka laula, staircases loko, a me nā tiers o ka puka makani a me Ka Pakipika o ka lumi.

Nā interiors o ka manawa, ua fantastically whimsical, me ka nui o ke kiʻi kaula, kiʻi kālaiʻia e nani ai me ka kuluma kāna mea papa hele a me nā aniani keleawe. Ka ikaika baroque waihoʻoluʻu hui me ka mea inserts. Ka mea, ua Keoni a me ka hana o ka elima-na¯ haʻawina ekalesia, hoi aku la i ka mooolelo o ka i kālai na papakaukau, iconostasis a Lūkini luakini mea hoʻonani o Byzantine canons. Ano malihini ke hui mai i ka nani o ke kaila, a ua waiho waho kuhikuhipuʻuone kia hoʻomanaʻo i o St. Petersburg.

Pokole e pili ana i na haku a me na hale

Kēia au o leialii, o ka papa, Rastrelli, akā, e hana ma kaʻaoʻao o a me FS Argun, a me Si Chevakinsky a door Kvass a me P. Trezzini a me AF Whist. He iwakālua nā makahiki ma mua 1760 Anichkov i kūkuluʻia i loko o ka Elizabethan baroque Stroganov a me Vorontsov hale aliʻi, Smolny Hale Pule Nui, Ana Palace ma Tsarskoye Selo, ka Winter Palace, a me ka Great Peterhof, mokukaua Hale Pule Nui, a mea 'ē aʻe.

Ekaterina Velikaya

Ka iwakālua o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, i ka St. Petersburg kūkuluʻia aku ma lalo o ka hoailona o ka naʻauao absolutism, a ma ke kaila o ka wanaʻao classicism. Hale i loaa harmonically kauoha, a me ka mea e holumua ai kūpono 'ana o ka naau kupono, a grandeur i ka ia manawa - me ka pāʻoihana kāleka boundless aupuni.

Symptoms - ka mea kahiko mea, monumentality, mea keʻakeʻa, ua mālama nā mea a pau i loko o ka panina-mika hale o kuhikuhipuʻuone kia hoʻomanaʻo i o St. Petersburg. Photo hōʻikeʻano e kōkua differentiate i ke kakahiaka nui classicism o kona nāʻano likeʻole.

Na hale i loko o ke kaila o ka wanaʻao classicism

Ia ke au i noho kia'āina 'Building RGPU ma Moika - ka mua hale o ke Kauna Razumovsky, nāna i kūkulu ka AF Kokorinov a me JB Vallin ka'Aroda: Mothe, ua kekahi o ka mea mua i kakahiaka nui-panina-mika hale. Kona kuhikuhipuʻuone mea i nanaia oihana mua o Corinthian a me Ionic kauoha, ke kanaaho, Arcade, akā, i ka aoao o ka Baroque hou kekahi '. Front iwilei me ka monumental puka, a kiʻekiʻe pa underlines i kaʻahaʻaina o ka hale.

Kuhikuhipuʻuone kia hoʻomanaʻo i o St. Petersburg, i mea he papa like lōʻihi o nā makana a me nā puke i haku ai no kēia mau loea Artists. It Repin Institute ma ke Kulanui Embankment, 17, a mamua ua ka imperial Halau o Nice Arts; St. Petersburg State University hale ma luna o ka Waialo, 9, mua - ka hihia no ka mea poepoe pāʻani; Yusupov Palace. Vallin ka'Aroda: Mothe kukulu pale Garden, a me ka North lānai o ka Small leʻaleʻaʻeleʻele. Yuri Felten, haumāna Rastrelli kūkulu i kekahi kula no na kaikamahine kanaka no ko Pilisetia, Large leʻaleʻaʻeleʻele, ke Armenian Church, ka Lutheran Church ma Vasilyevsky Island, a me ka ekalesia o St. Anne ma Kirochnaya, 8.

ke kanana 'classicism

Loa devoid o nā hiʻona Baroque hale kūkulu ma hope o 1780, i hui ole ia me Ana classicism. Lakou ikaika ma hope i ka panina kauoha o Vitruvius a me Palladio - huinahń symmetrical layouts, nui hoʻohana 'ana o nā arcades, colonnades, pediments, porticoes. i hoʻonaniʻia nā interiors me nā kope o kahiko sculptures a me na oihana mua o ke kahiko maikai ana.

Ke paionia o ka St. Petersburg kaila lilo Kailee, i ka mea ia manawa hana VI Bazhenov, D. Kvarnegi, IE An kahiko, NA Lions. Kā lākou mau hana - aloha a me ka compositional completeness, conciseness a me ka proportionality 'ano apau loa. A ma ko hoʻohālike - ka Tauride Palace.

Pavlovsky classicism

Keia elima-makahiki au i ka 1801 makana i ka iki pilialoha hoʻokolohua o ka classicist kuhikuhipuʻuone, a ua maopopo 'ole ma o ka Kokika kaila. He kuhikuhi Chesme Palace kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone YM Felten - triangular shape me Kokika nā kumumea i loko o ka palapala o turrets, ka niho o lancet puka makani a me parapets.

Kuhikuhipuʻuone kia hoʻomanaʻo i o St. Petersburg hoʻolakoʻia a me ka hema Europa,? Ueony Mikhailovsky Castle, kahi o ka classicism maemae - ka mea, o ke kumu a me ka hema facades o ke Keena Kalaiaina. Castle nana pākīkē, courageously, kaumaha cornices akau mea helehelena reminiscent o ka naita mahiole.

Alexander ka classicism

Ke hoʻokomo o ka Lūkini aupuni a lilo Alexander ka classicism, a ua pinepine hōʻike 'ia me ke aupuni a pau kaila. Alexander I kekahi pinepine kono haole nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone, ka oi aku o ka Palani.

No laila, i ka hana o kēia wā maopopo stringent Doric paha Tuscan kauoha, a kaumaha kolamu. Hele mai sphinxes a me nā kumu o Aigupita hou kuhikuhipuʻuone. Uku haʻakiu Nā ke kanana 'laina, kilohana, monumental nā kiʻi a me ka pono io a me ka mōakaaka o keʻano.

Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka mea mua'ōwili hao aupuni a pau

Ma keia kaila o St. Petersburg kuhikuhipuʻuone kia hoʻomanaʻo i na poe ma ka hoʻouku Institute hale ma Vasilyevsky Island, i mai Nails A. Vorohnina. Flutes ma ka Doric kia pakahi aku la ia pono e kahińuli i ke kaila like i ka maha kahiko, kiʻi Hehe Antaeus, Hercules, a Proserpina i noho ma laila.

E like hou kaulana hana o keia haku - Kazan Hale Pule Nui. Emperor Paul, ka mea i manao ia, makemake e 'oe i ka Waikikana o St. Petero ka, a ma kekahi au mamuli aʻo Kīwala'ō hiki ke ike: i loko o ka nohona ma manao, he mana kikowaena Dome, ma ka elongated basilica, a ma ka wa e kaawale aku o ka bele hale kiaʻi. Hehe, ia mea he maoli no mea hoʻonani o Nevsky Prospekt.

High classicism (Late)

More ma mua o kekahi mea i loko o kēia kaila hana Tom de Ka Thomon: i ka hale o ka Bolshoi Kino (Eia naʻe, he mea nō,ʻaʻole loa), i ka hale o Countess Laval hou market eiiieaena a me ke kuha o Vasilyevsky Island (rostral kolamu, he). eʻoiaʻiʻo i ka mea, ua hoʻomano kaulike kolamu i hoʻohuiʻia i ke Stock kūkaʻi hale makahiki, a harmonizes me ka haku mele Nevsky Prostor You hiki. A me ka hale iho, a me ka rostral kolamu hoʻonaniʻia me ka allegorical sculptures.

I hookiekie ae i ka mea ia manawa ke kilohana kukulu o ka Admiralty - ka hōʻailona o ke kulanakauhale ma ka Neva River - i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone AD Zakharov. Ua Ua pau i loko o ka mua hana, a ua wale i ke kikowaena hapa o ka mea kaulana spire kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone ik Korobov. Facades kiʻi i kekahiʻano, akā, loa rhythmic no i ka nei iluna porticoes a me Tuscan kolamu (ma ke ala, ma ka waena konu o ke kolamu, a noho Ionic). Pela oia i hoalaala ia Ensemble o ke Senate, a me St. Isaac Palace Square, a me ka Alexander Garden. I ka Ia manawa, i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Quarenghi kūkulu Smolny Institute - no hoi ma ka kiʻekiʻe panina kaila.

Lūkini aupuni a pau

Na hoailona o ka Lūkini aupuni a pau - ka hookahakaha o ka lanakila ma luna o He Hoikehonua: ka panina mea'ōnaehana a me ka ia concise ikea hoʻomanaʻo kolamu, triumphal mau hoaka, kuhikuhipuʻuone Desha i nui a me ka oi sculptures, na hale hoʻonaniʻia me nāʻaeto, Pohon lei, kapa kila a me nā militaristic symbolism.

Ka loa kaulana haku o keia olelo - iluna Stas a me KI Rossi. Ka hope ua loa wiwo iho me ka hoʻokiwikā kahua, ua kūkuluʻia ka Palace Square me ka hale o ke General Staff, Senate Square me ka Synod a me ke Senate, Alexandrinsky keaka wahi. Kuhikuhipuʻuone kia hoʻomanaʻo i o St. Petersburg, e haawi aku i ka mea maikaʻi kiʻi ma mua o kekahi hōʻike. Ka hou no laila, no ka mea, o ko lākou nui helu mea wale ole e wehewehe i loko o ka makahiki o kekahi pōkole 'atikala.