Ekaterina 2: Kawaihae o ka Empress. Mōʻaukala o Rusia

Controversial kanaka 2, o Ana i ka Nui - Russian Empress o Kelemānia kumu. Ka hapanui o 'atikala a me Film, ua ua hoike like me ka makemake o ka hana maʻamau ke alo o ua mea poepoe nei a me ka' Ia, e like me na punahele, a me ka mea ia manawa, i he nui loa pili launa.

Eia naʻe, mau kanaka i ike ia mea, ua nui loa akamai, a me ka olinolino loea hoʻokuhikuhi. A ia mea he C. Brewer mea, e like me ka hou pili aupuni i mai ai i loko o ka makahiki o kona noho alii ana, no a hiki i ka naʻauao absolutism. Eia hou, he nui aneiai nā mea hoʻololi, ka nohona a me ka pili i ke ola o ka aina, i hou hooiaio o ka eccentricity o kona kanaka.

me Kinohi

Ekaterina 2, Kawaihae a ua ai kahaha ko oukou naau a me ka hana, i hānauʻia ma luna o 2 May (21 April) 1729 ma Stettin, Germany. Kona piha inoa - Sophia Augusta Frederica, Princess o Anhalt-Zerbst. Iho la na makua Prince Christian August o Anhalt-Zerbst a me ka ewaewa ole i aku la ia ia ma ka inoa o Johann Elizaveta Golshteyn-Gottorp, ka mea i loko o ka pilina me ke aliʻi hale e like me English, Kuekene a me Prussian.

I ka wā e hiki mai Empress o Rusia, loaa ka hale ka hoʻonaʻauao. Ua ao aku theology, mele, ka hula, ka hoʻokumu paʻaʻana o ka hana kemika a me ka mōʻaukala, a me me, ma ka hou ana i kona mau kanaka Kelemānia, iho la ia i wahi aku me ka maikai, a me Palani. Mua i loko o kakahiaka kamaliʻi, ua hōʻike i kona kuokoa ano, manaopaa a me ka lanakila, he makemake ko e ola a me ka foxmike lealea.

mare

I ka 1744, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna kono i ke Alii o Anhalt-Zerbst, a me kona makuwahine, e hele mai i Rusia. Here Woman christened i loko o ka Orthodox moolelo, a lilo aku ia Ekaterinoy Alekseevnoy. Mai ia manawa, ua loaa i ka oihana kūlana o ka wahine mare o Prince Peter Fedorovich, i ka wā e hiki mai Emperor Peter 3.

A hoomaka ae la kupaianaha moʻolelo o Ana 2 i loko o Rusia me kā lākou mare, i i paʻa ma luna o Augate 21, 1745. Ma hope iho o kēia hanana, ua lanakila 'o ia i ka inoa o ka Luna Nui Duchess. E like me ka mea maopopo loa, kona mare ua olioli ole, mai ke kumu mai. I aku ke kane Peter ua i ia manawa no kaʻiliahi kanaka opiopio nana i pâʻani 'o ia me ka poe koa, kahi o ka Noho lākou manawa i loko o ka malu o kana wahine. No laila, i ka wā e hiki mai Empress i puʻe wale akula kēlā i ka hookipa ia iho: heluhelu iho la i ka lōʻihi manawa, e like me ka pono me invent heʻano o ka leʻaleʻa.

Ana 2 keiki

Oiai ka wahine o Peter 3 i ka helehelena o respectable wāhine, ia ia iho hoʻoilina a hiki i ka noho aliʻi i loa peʻe, no laila kona pilialoha kuko ike kokoke i ka pa holoʻokoʻa.

Ma hope oʻelima makahiki, Ana 2, kona Kawaihae ua ike, i piha i ke aloha moʻolelo ua, ka hoʻomaka 'ana i kona hoʻokolokolo mua. ʻO kona wae i ka luna o ka poe kiai SV Saltykov. September 20, ma hope o 9 makahiki o ka mare ana, hanau mai la ia i hooilina. Kēia hanana lilo i ke kumuhana o ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo i kūkākūkā pū, a, nae, mau a hiki i kēia lā, akā, ma nā hana koʻikoʻi a hanohano. Kekahi noiʻi manaoio ina ke keiki ka makua kāne ua maoli Ana ka ipo, a i kana kane, o Petero. 'Ē aʻe au i ka mea i hanau mai kana kane. Akā, e ia me ka mea i,ʻaʻole i ka makuahine i manawa, e hana me ke keiki, no laila kona aʻo i ma Elizaveta Petrovna iā ia iho. Soon, hou lilo i ka wā e hiki mai empress hapai keiki, a hanau mai la he kaikamahine, o Anna. Eia naʻe, mahina wale 4 keia keiki ola.

Ma hope o 1750 Ana me ka mea paa o ke aloha S. Poniatowski, he Polish diplomat, ka mea ma hope lilo King Stanislaw Augustus pili. I kakahiaka nui 1760 ia ua me G. G. Orlovym, i hanau i ke kolu o ke keiki - kana keiki Alexis. Ke keiki i haawiia mai i ka inoa Bobrinsky.

Au pono aku nei au ia, no ka mai o ka mea nui o ka lono, a kamaʻilio hoʻowawāʻia, e like me ka licentious hana o ka noho male, na keiki a Ana 2ʻAʻole i i kekahi mehana manaʻo mai Peter 3. ke kanaka ua maopopo, ua kanalua kona liluwelo paternity.

Hekikai no e olelo aku i ka wā e hiki mai Empress categorically hoʻowahāwahā me ka dukima e hāʻiliʻili aku e hoʻomoe ana i kauʻia nona wahine. Holo mai ka ho'āhewa wale Peter 3, Ana loa o ka manawa he makemake ko e pana aku au i loko o kona boudoir. Oki loa i ka iwi a me kana kane alakai aku ai i ka mea ia ia seriously hoomaka e makau ai no kona ola. makau ia, ua hiki i ka mana, Peter 3, e hoopono aku au ia ia i ua, no laila, ua hoomaka iho la e nana aku i ka ike loea allies i loko o ka pā hale.

Ka piʻiʻana i ka noho aliʻi

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Peter 3 State o na rula o kona makuwahine wale no 6 mahina. No kekahi manawa lōʻihi kamailio ana ia ia, e like me ka naaupo a me ka nāwaliwali-manao lula me ka mau malformations. Akā, nāna i hoʻolilo ka mea ia i kiʻi? Ma nā makahiki, moʻolelo i oi ihola i ka manaoio i ka mea i unsightly kiʻi i hanaia e memoirs i kākauʻia e ka organizers o ka coup - Ana 2 a me E. R. Dashkovoy.

Ka nui, e hoike ana i ke kane o ka pili ana i ka ia i ole e ino, ka mea, ua akakaʻenemi. Nolaila, i ka olelo hooweliweli ia maka i ka loulou a hopu triggered ka e hoʻohālua, e Petero 3. E hoʻonoho i ke kipi i kokua mai ia Orlov kaikunane, K. Razumovsky, N. I. Panin, E. Dashkova a me na mea e ae. July 9, 1762 3 o Petero i lukuʻia, a lawe mai la i ka mana i kekahi hou empress - Ana 2. hewa Mō'ī kokoke koke ia i Ropsha (30 mile mai St. Petersburg). He Ua ukali pūʻia he poʻe kiaʻi kiai ma lalo o ke kauoha o Alekseya Orlova.

E like me oe i ike, o ka moʻolelo o Ana 2, a me ka hana, ka mea, ua hana hoʻokipa i ka hale coup, piha ka nane, i ka naita i ka manaʻo o ka loa noiʻi a hiki i kēia lā. No ka laʻana, hiki i keia manawa i ka kiko'ī kumu o ka make ua i hookupaaia Peter 3 ma 8 lā ma hope o ka hoʻokahuliʻia. E like me ka oihana mana, make aku la ia o ka pau pua kiele o ka mai, kena ae la ia e hooloihi ae i ka waiʻona hoʻohana.

A nei ka mea i manaoio ia Petero 3 make i ka make ikaika ma na lima o Alekseya Orlova. Ike maopopo ana i keia meaʻano o ka palapala i kākauʻia e ke kai, a hoouna aku la ia Ana o Ropsha. I ka mua o keia palapala i ole, ua hookoeia mai ai, akā, ua he kope wale no ka allegedly Film FV Rostopchin. Nolaila, pololei hoike o ka Auguseto ka pepehi kanaka nae.

kuwaho

Au pono aku nei au, Ana i ka Great 2 mahele nui o na manao o Peter 1 ma luna o ka mea e Rusia i loko o ke ao nei Arena e lawe alakai nā kūlana hana ma nā mea a pau mau mea, e alakai i ka mea ia manawaʻano pākīkē, a hiki i kekahi mau mea iʻano pākīkēʻikepili. Ike maopopo ana i keia e malama i ka wanaao ae Kuikahi o ke kuikahi me Prussia, papapau pu na mua aku e kana kane Peter 3. Ua i ke kuleana hele kokoke koke, hookahi manawa au i hele mai ai i ka noho aliʻi.

Aina Politika Ekateriny 2 Ua ma muli o ka mea e oia mau ho'āʻo e kūkulu ma luna o ka noho aliʻi o kona mau henchmen. He mahalo i kona Duke E. I. Biron hoi aku la a hiki i ka noho aliʻi o Courland, a ma 1763 ma Poland hoomaka ae la e alii ai maluna o kona protégé - Stanislaw August Poniatowski. Mau hana i alakai aku ai i ka mea i hoomaka Austria e makau i ole excessively ikaika o ka'ākau moku'āina. hoomaka koke kona mau lala e incite loa-ku enemi o Rusia - Tureke - e hele i ke kaua ku e ia. A me Austria nō i kona iho.

Mākou ke i aku nei au ia kaua Lūkini-Turkish, a mau ae la ia no ka 6 makahiki (mai ka makahiki 1768 a hiki i 1774), ua ua holomua no ka Russian aupuni a pau. I loko nō o kēia, ka mea he mea ole ka mea oi ala ka pili aupuni kulana home 'ole i loko o ke aupuni i puʻe wale akula kēlā Ana 2 e imi maluhia. E like me ka hopena, ua loaʻa iā ia e hoʻihoʻi kahiko kuikahi me Austria. A me keʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai ma waena o nā aupuni elua i ua i. Kona luahi ua Poland, hapa o ka'āina o ka i loko o 1772 i puunaueia ma waena oʻekolu nō'āina: Rusia, Austria, a Prussia.

E pili ana i ka aina a me ka mea hou Lūkini olelo

Ka hōʻailona o ke Kuikahi o Kuchuk-Kainarji me Tureke hoʻolako i kūlike i ka Lūkini moku'āina kuokoa o Crimea. Ma mahope makahiki, ua ka mahuahua o imperial keiki,ʻaʻole wale nō ma luna o ka Peninsula, akā, i loko o ka Caucasus. Kēia kulekele kūpono i loko o ka hoʻi o Rusia i ka 1782, o ka Crimea. Koke oia i kakauinoa ia ke Kuikahi o Georgievsk me Kartli-Kakheti tsar Irakli 2, a komo i loaa i ka Lūkini poʻe hao wale ma luna o Keokia ?? eoi?. A laila, i hui mau aina i ia Rusia.

Ekaterina 2, Kawaihae a i inherently pili me ka moolelo o ka aina, i ka lua o ka hapalua o na 70s o ka 18th kenekulia, pu me ka laila, ke aupuni, hoomaka ae la e lilo ia he unuhi hou kuwaho kulana - ka ai-kapaia Greek papahana. Ka hope loa pahuhopu nui ua e hoihoi mai kona Greek paha Byzantine. Kona poʻo ua ia e Constantinople a me kona luna - ka moopuna o Ana 2, Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich.

Ma ka pau ana o na 70s haole Politika Ekateriny 2 hoʻi aina o ka mea kahiko lahui prestige, a hoi hooikaika ma hope o Rusia i ka intermediary i loko o ka Teschen Ahaolelo ma waena o Prussia a me Austria. I ka 1787, i ka Empress me ke Polish ke aliʻi, a me nā'Aukekulia Mō'ī, pu ma kona mau courtiers a me ka haole diplomats, i ka lōʻihi huakaʻi a hiki i ka Crimean Peninsula. He He hanana nui e ÷ ike i ke koa mana o ka Russian aupuni a pau.

wahi luluʻikepili

Ka hapa nui o na nā mea hoʻololi a me nā loli i i wahi i loko o Rusia, ua like contradictory me Ana ia iho, 2. Na makahiki o kona noho alii ana ia i kā mākou enslavement o ka peasantry, like hoʻi me deprivation o ke ahiahi, i ka loa ka palena haʻahaʻa pono. A i ka wa e ikea mai ke kānāwai Ka Hoʻopāpā i ka hoopii a hiki i ka arbitrariness o konohiki. Eia hou, i waena o ka poʻe kauwā kiʻekiʻe o ka moku'āina i hoʻomākaukauʻia a me ka palaho ulu, a me ka mea, malama no me ke kumu hoʻohālike no ka Empress, ka mea generously me ka 'ohana, a me ka poe koa he nui o ko lākou mau kânaka.

He aha ka mea, ua

Ua hōʻikeʻia ia Personal ano Ana 2 i loko o kā lākou mau memoirs. Eia hou kekahi, moʻolelo ka noiʻi 'ana me ka nānā' ana i palapala lehulehu, i ka i ana ia mea, ua he maalea psychologist, he lunakanawai maikai o ke ano. Ike maopopo ana i keia mea no ka mea i ana i koho ia e like me ka kanaka i kona kumu loea a me ka huali wale. Nolaila, ia mea he hoopilikia paha ma ka muli o ka poʻe koa a pau o ka maikaʻi loa pūkaua a me statesmen, haku mele a me nā moʻolelo, Artists a me nā mea hoʻokani pila.

Ma Hana me subordinates Ana 2 ua IeAUPIIe, IAa IO noonoo, ia laua ke hoopaa a me ka hoʻomanawanui. E like me ia, me kana hana mau hoʻolohe pono i kona hoa, oiai hoʻopio aku i na sensible manaʻo, a laila, hana ia no ka pono. I ka mea nae i ole lawe wahi kekahi walaʻau resignation, ka mea, o kekahi o nā aliʻi mai i hoʻohuli i, e wale hooko. He mea känalua 'ka mea, ua kapaʻia ka noho aliʻi o ke "gula makahiki" o ka pomaikai o ka Lūkini alii ko lakou.

Ekaterina 2, Kawaihae a me ke kanaka me ia mea piha o nāʻokoʻa, nae, ua hala loa lākou i poʻe lapuwale, a nui waiwai e loaa ka mana. I mea e mālama iā ia i loko o kona mau lima,ʻo ia ua makemake eʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai a hiki i ka lilo ana o ko lakou mau ka hoahewa ia.

Personal ola

Kiʻi o ka Empress, kākau i loko o ka makahiki o kona wā'ōpiopio, i ka i ana i ka nani maikai-nana aku ana ia ia. Ia mea i kahaha ko oukou naau i ka moʻolelo kikowaena lehulehu aloha Ana leʻaleʻa 2. E hai i ka oiaio, ka mea hiki loa pono remarry, akā, i loko o keia hihia kona inoa, wahi, a me ka hapanui importantly, mana piha, makemake e Zebulona.

E like me ke kaulana manaoio ka hapanui o ke kakaolelo, i loko o kona ola Ekaterina Velikaya ma kahi o iwakalua mau ipo hoʻololi. Loa pinepine, kapa iho la ia i ka loa kela waiwai makana, generously me ke kanaka ole ana i ka hanohano, a me ke kuleana, a me nā mea a pau i kēia ma ka mea e e ma hope o ia.

Hopena o ka Papa

Au pono aku nei au i ka mea,ʻaʻole ia moʻolelo i ka Loiloi i akaka a pau hanana o Ana i ka au, no ka mea ana despotism a me ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana i hele lima i loko o ka lima, a i inextricably ua hoʻopili. I loko o kona noho alii ia i nā mea a pau: no ka hooulu ana o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana, moʻomeheu a me ka' epekema, ka nui hoʻoikaika 'ana o ka Lūkini moku'āina i loko o ka International Arena, i ka ulu ana o ke kalepa ana a me ka diplomacy. Akā, like me kekahi aliʻi, uaʻaʻole me kona hooluhi hewa ana o na kanaka, ka poe i ae mau deprivations. Kēia naʻikepili hiki ole i kekahi kaulana unrest, i culminated ma o ka mana a me ka piha-me ka unahiʻole uprising alakaiia e Emelyana Pugacheva.

ka hopena

I ka 1860 ua ka manaʻo: e kukulu i kekahi kia hoʻomanaʻo no Ana 2 ma St. Petersburg me ka hanohano o kona 100-makahiki-wa i hele mai ai i ka noho aliʻi. Kona kūkuluʻiaʻana, 11 makahiki, a wehe i ka makahiki 1873 ma ka Alexandria wahi. He kia loa kaulana o ka empress. Iloko o na makahiki o Soviet mana i nalowale 5 o kona kia hoʻomanaʻo i. Ma hope o ka makahiki 2000, ua wehe mau hoʻopunipuni nā ma Rusia, a ma kahi e aku. 2 - i loko o Ukraine, a 1 - ma Transnistria. Eia hou, i ka 2010 ma Zerbst (Germany) ua ke kiʻi, akā,ʻaʻole i ka Empress Ana 2, a me Sofii Frederike Augusta, Princess o Anhalt-Zerbst.