Koko pūʻulu: koko transfusion noaia, RH

Ke Kula Kaiapuni 'koko eiiiiiaiou i ka helu o ke kiʻiona, i ke kūlana maikaʻiʻole ka wā hoʻohuiʻia nāʻokoʻa nā pūʻulu. внутри организма. Oia kŰia ua wehewehe ma ke alo ma kaʻili, a ma ka wai koko o kēlā me kēia pae ana o kanaka, me ka hui pu agglutinogens a me agglutinins, i mea hiki ke hoomaopopo i na mai o kona mau erythrocytes, pale ia functioning i loko o ke kino. 'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana keena mai kanaka agglutinogens kanaka i ike i ka hoʻoweliweli '. A no ka aiiay hana kino mālama i ka pōʻino, a lawe ia lakou me ke kōkua o nā agglutinins na i loko o ka wai koko o ko lākou ula koko keena.

E like ma mua o ka hoʻomaka o ka XX kenekulia, ka mea i manaoio ia oe ke hui pu iho la i kekahi koko i ua fundamentally hewa. A me kekahi manawa, a pau i pau i ka make no ka mea, ua i ike transfused ke koko ma ke kino. ? Ac? Aaioea mea pīlali a me ka luku ana iʻulaʻula koko keena. ¶ E hoomaikaiia'ku ke Karl Landsteiner, ka mea i hiki ke huai ae, a hoao hoi i ka ola o ka meaʻulaʻula koko keena agglutinogens a me agglutinins e maopopo ma waena o ke koko a me ke koko transfusion noaia lilo palekana.

koko pūʻulu

Ka'ōnaehana hoʻomohalaʻia Landsteiner, ua kapaia ka ABO. Ma ke koko ka mea, ua hoʻolaha eha pūʻulu ke kaumaha ma muli o ka agglutinogens, denoted A a me B a me agglutinins kekahi, e laina mai.

Agglutinogens (antigen) - eiiieaen waiwai, Aia ma luna o kaʻili lahilahi o ka ula koko aeea, ua luli ole, a ili mai ka makua.

Agglutinin (lāʻau lapaʻau kino) - immunoglobulins, erythrocyte wai koko ua loaʻa ia ma kaʻaoʻao maoli e hoʻopale ai i ke kino, mai nā'ōewe mea e 'ike' ia ma ka erythrocyte ili honua. Ka mea, i hua mai la i ka makahiki mua o ke ola, e like me ka aiiay hana o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana e komo i loko o nā polokina me ka haole antigens.

Like ike mai i ka papaʻaina, kēlā me kēia 'ia paha o ke koko pae antigens a me ka unuhi agglutinin a e hoʻomōhala i ka nalowale antigens no ka hoomalu ana. I ka wai koko, e hua mai la i ula koko keena agglutinins antithesis o ke 'ano o antigens ma luna o kaʻili lahilahi. Kēia Akä naÿe nei, no laila, i ka wā kino erythrocytes o ke koko mawaho o ka pae, luku iho la lakou i koke antigens ole ā 'inoʻino kekahi kona mau keena.

RH koko ololi

I ke koko transfusion noaia pūʻulu ana hoʻopololei mea i pono, e lawe i ka mooolelo o ka koko RH ololi. RH ololi - he mau hiʻona i aole hoʻololi i ole ma o ka ola a me ke koko o ka Mea Maluna'ōnaehana Rhesus (RH). RH'ōnaehana ua ma muli o ka 'ike o nā antigens C, D, E, pela aku, n, e ka ana ma ka ili o kaʻulaʻula koko keena eono, i loaa i ka 1940 ma Karl Landsteiner a me Alexander Weiner.

Inā erythrocyteʻilikai antigen ia akulla 'D (i loaʻa i loko o 80% o ke kanaka) a ka i ka wā hoʻokahi alo o C a me E antigens, i ke koko a pau i ka maikaʻi RH Kû ke RH +. I Ina o keia pae ana o antigens ua 'akomi i ka RH ololi mea io Rh-.

Ka manaʻo nui o ka RH ololi ma ka transfusion

Koko transfusion i e nei ke ao hookahi aiee o ka Rhesus nenoaiu. Penei, he haumāna haʻawina kālā me RH-io koko donations e pono wale i ka io huahelu. Like me, 'oluʻolu, akā, ma ka noho pilikia hihia ae infusion o ke koko a me RH-io ma ka liʻiliʻi dala, ma ka hapanui 200 ml. Ma ia transfusion incompatibility 'aʻole i hana, akā, ma ka hookomo ua i ke koko me RH-io ulaula koko keena me ka maikaʻi cia aiiay'ōnaehana paleʻea pane i ka antigen D. malama I kaʻimiʻana haole erythrocytes'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana hoʻomaka e paka agglutinins (d, pela aku, e), a poho ninini iho la i ka ula koko keena, i hiki aku ai i ka nui hopena no ka haumāna haʻawina kālā meaola. Ka'ōnaehana ABO, a Rhesus maopopo a pau ewalu koko ano.

koko hoʻokaulike

Koko transfusion - koko transfusion kaʻina hana, a ua hoʻohana 'ia e hoihoi kaulike a me ke koko holo ana o ke koko. e hana maʻalahi no nā nenoai lako a me ke koko o ka haumāna haʻawina kālā mau pou koko pono. No ka lōʻihi manawa mea i manaoio aku i ka mea, he ao kona mau pou, a ao haumāna haʻawina kālā. Ma ka manawa, i këia mau manaÿo mau i aneane loaa mai ka 'inikua nenoaiu. Eia naʻe, ma ka noho pilikia wahi, i hiki ole i ka manawa a me ka'ālike mau pou koko type a me RH ololi kekahi manawa nō i hoʻohana ma transfusions dala uuku, i oi aku mamua o 500 ml.

E ao mau pou koko loaʻa ka pae mua a me ka rhesus io waiwai 0 (I) Rh-, iho mai kona 'ole i ole antigens. Universal haumāna haʻawina kālā noonoo maikaʻi ha o ka hui AB (IV) RH +, ma muli o ia i ke alo ma ka erythrocyteʻili lahilahi antigens A a me B. Akā, aka hoi, he oaeouee? Ho'āʻo nei e hoopaa transfusions me'ālike pūʻulu.

I ke koko pūʻulu: hoʻokaulike huakai kaapuni

I ka pūʻulu au transfusion me RH io cia (0 (I) Rh-) hiki ia i kona mau pou no nā pūʻulu ke koko me ka maikaʻi a me ka io rhesus ololi i pilikia transfusions, a ina e pono hana he nui nui o kona mau pou au no ka pae ana me ka'ālike anakahi rhesus.

No ka mea mua haumāna haʻawina kālā koko type a me RH ololi maikaʻi koko mau pou hiki ia i ka mua maikaʻi 'ole io pūʻulu 0 (I) RH - / +. Ka mua koko pae me RH io refractive transfusion paka wale'ālike pūʻulu 0 (I) Rh-.

Hoʻokaulike o ka lua o ka pūʻulu

Ka lua o ka hopena maikaʻi hui A (II) Rh- hiki ia i kona mau pou no ka lua a me ka ha i kekahi exponent rhesus. Ka lua o ka maikaʻi hui A (II) RH + ua hoʻohana 'ia e like me ka pou-wale lua a me ka ha AB (IV) RH + maikaʻi rhesus ololi.

Ka haumāna haʻawina kālā me ka lua o ka maikaʻi pūʻulu A (II) RH + koko mau pou i loaa i ka mua 0 (I) RH - / + A, a me ka lua o ka pūʻulu (II) RH - / + rhesus me kekahi exponent. Inā ka mea i koho ia haumāna haʻawina kālā koko o rhesus io cia A (II) Rh- hua transfusion me ka pūʻulu like no ka lua o ka maikaʻi wale nō io cia RH.

Hoʻokaulike pūʻulu hapakolu

E like me ke kolu o ke koko mau pou pae me ka maikaʻi Rhesus ololi B (III) RH +
hoʻohana 'ia no ka transfusion nā haka me ke kolu a me ka ha o ka pae ana o rhesus maikaʻi anakahi. A hopena maikaʻi kolu o ka pūʻulu hana maʻalahi no ka donation i ke kolu a me ka ha o ka hui ana o ke koko, no kekahi waiwai o RH i loko o ka haumāna haʻawina kālā.

Nā mea hōʻoia no ke kolu o ka pūʻulu maikaʻi transfused mau pou koko mua a me ke kolu o nā pūʻulu me Rhesus io a maikaʻi. Ke kolu o ka hopena maikaʻi wehewehe aku hoʻokaulike me ke kolu, a me ka ha o ka pūʻulu me RH-io.

Hoʻokaulike o ka ha o ka pūʻulu

Hâʻawi wale koko o ka ha o ka pūʻulu me ka maikaʻi RH ololi mea pono wale no ka transfusion nā haka me'ālike hui, a ma luna o ka Keko. I ka ha o ka hopena maikaʻi 'He hana maʻalahi no ka transfusion kekahi wale i ka ha o ka pūʻulu me ka io a me ka maikaʻi RH.

Eia ka haumāna haʻawina kālā i ka ha o ka maikaʻi pūʻulu AB (IV) RH + mea versatile, a lawe i ka maikaʻi cia i nā mea a pau loa rhesus koko pae me RH kekahi loina. A lohe o RH-io transfusions ka hoʻohana mau pou ulaula koko keena o nā pūʻulu me ka io rhesus wale.

Ka pilikia o ka transfusion o incompatible pūʻulu

I ka papa kuhikuhiE kamepiula i loko o ke koko transfusion ka agglutination.

Agglutination - erythrocytes ka ponaʻana kaʻina hana, i hiki aku ai i kā lākou luku e hoʻomōhala ana i ka hui 'ana me ke kino i loko o nā agglutinogens koko e a ka haumāna haʻawina kālā ulu koko agglutinin. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i loaʻa ka agglutination ka wā hoʻohuiʻia ke koko me ka like antigens a me agglutinins A, a me ka, a me ka b. Ma ka pu ana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau kino (he ole b) hoʻomohala no ka mea o kaʻalā iā antigen (A a B) luku mau pou ula koko keena, kūpono ai i loko o kā lākou mahope maluhia iho la a me ka hemolysis (decomposition). Koko o ka papa kuhikuhiE transporter o ka o oxygen i nā keena ma ke kino, no laila, i ka hope'opi oʻulaʻula koko aeee ua hana transfusion hawewe, a hiki ka hopena i loa hopena, a hiki i ka make. He no ka mea, o ka noonoo nui i ka ka pilikia o ke koko transfusion manaʻo koko pae hana maʻalahi i kekahi i kekahi.

ABO a Rhesus'ōnaehana o ka nui i loko o ka Mea Maluna, akā, i ka mea wale nō kekahi. Ma ka ili o ka erythrocyteʻili lahilahi ke aupuni 'lehulehu ē antigens a i a ianoiyuaa a komo i loko o ke koho ana i hana maʻalahi koko. Akā, nui a oi uku ka haukapilaʻo aiiieieoaeuii ho oholo i ke alo a kaawale o ka pohihihi keia Kell antigen, a ina maikaʻi kona mau pou ula koko aeee i ole hana maʻalahi i kekahi'ē aʻe.