Konstantin Makovsky: ke ola a me ka hana ana o ka artist. Konstantin Makovsky: oi kiʻi, Kawaihae

Kawaihae o artist Makovskogo Konstantina i keia la a pōhina ma kona hale hoʻokamakama hoahanau Vladimir - ike 'elele o ka poe aea. Eia naʻe, Constantine Ua haʻalele kona hoailona ma ka no o ka i he nui, kuokoa pena.

ka ohana Makovsky

I kapaia Makovsky ua maopopo loa i loko o ka Lūkini nō. Ka makua kāne Yegor Ivanovich Makovsky ua he koʻikoʻi kilokilo ma Moscow, he aeoaeuneiai pena. He hoʻonohonoho i ka "piha-me ka unahiʻole kula 'no Artists i makemake e ike i ka Moscow School o ka pena.

Ka 'ohana i mau noho aliʻi ihola ia makakū uhane mea e kahaha ko oukou naau i nā mea a pau ekolu keiki Yegor Ivanovich lilo pena. Ka hale pinepine kipa o kona makua kāne hoa - pena Karl Bryullov a me Vasily Tropinin, halawaiʻaneʻi hiki e a me ka mea kākau Gogol, Mea Keaka Shchepkin, Glinka haku mele. Ka ohana ua mau hooponopono ka palapala, a me ka bila ahiahi, paio kālaimanaʻo e pili ana no oe he. A pau keia i alakaʻi ai i ke kahua o ke keiki. Makua Konstantin Makovsky mai la oia i kona pomaikai ma ka pena, oia ua ka pilikia wale i kona makua kāne, ka mea i hiki ke noho i loko o kona ineradicable aloha o oe.

- Vladimir ke makahiapo-kane, Constantine, ke kaikamahine a Alexander a me na kaikaina: ekolu keiki i ka 'ohana a pau. Waiwai i loko o ka 'ohana ua haahaa, akā, noho alii iho la ka uhane o ke akamai loa compensated no a pau na hana a he leo.

Constantine ka noho 'ana kamaliʻi

Mai noho 'ana kamaliʻi, Konstantin Makovsky i bapetizo ia ma ke akamai, ma ka mea,ʻaʻoleʻo ia iʻike i kekahi'ē aʻe ke ola, aʻo ia i destined e koho i ke ala o ka artist. loa kakahiaka, hoomaka ae la a pau na keiki i loko o ka 'ohana e huki.

Kostya, e like me ke keiki o ka ohana mua, hoomaka ae la ka i ka i ana ia mea, ua kokoke ia i kona makua kāne, a me kona mau hoa, ka wā hahai ana no lakou i ka pena a me ko lakou mau kumumanao, sketches a me ka pena hoike. I keia hana i ka aesthetic manao a me ka pono o ke keiki.

loaa ia oihana

I ka makahiki 1851, Konstantin Makovsky komo ke kula i ka makua kāne o ka pena, kiʻi kaula a me ka kuhikuhipuʻuone. Kona mentors ka poʻe ma laila - V. Tropinin, M. Scott, S. Zaryanko, A Mokritsky. Eia, ma ka makahiki ehiku o ke keiki i hana artist me kona iho, mua nānaina o ke ao nei, a ao mai la ia ia i ka hoʻokumu paʻaʻana o pictorial nō.

I ke kulaʻo ia i ka haumana mua i loaa e hiki a pau hoʻokō kuleana. I ka makahiki 1858 Konstantin iloko o ka Halau o Arts ma St. Petersburg - ka maikai hoʻonaʻauao kula i loko o ka mahinaʻai o ke akamai i loko o ka Russian aupuni a pau. I loko nō o kona haʻawina, oia mau koa wiwoʻole i kāna hana ma ka makahiki exhibition o ka Academy, a i loaa i kekahi mekala gula no kana hana "ka Luna o ka Pretender Dmitri pepehi i ke keiki Borisa Godunova."

I ka 1862 Makovsky hoomaka huli i ka mea ala i loko o ke akamai, e like me ka academicism ia mea manakā, a OOAOAaXUEE.

Way e oe

Konstantin Makovsky (kiʻi, Kawaihae o ka artist i hōʻike i loko o keia 'atikala) ua imi no kona estilo, oia manao i ka hoike i kona pā honua. I ka 1863 ia, a me heʻumikumamākolu nā Artists koho e komo i loko o ka Competition no ka Luna Nui Gold mekala o ka Halau o Arts, aole e pena ia, utverzhdennnuyu kula.

i He e haʻalele i ke kula, a me Makovsky, a hiki i kiʻi i ka palapala puka o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana. Kēia hanana i kapa ia ka "kipi o ka umikumamaha". Ke keakea i ka mea i na Artists makemake i ke ku okoa ana, e kākau a me ka hana ma luna o ka noa theme, akā, i makemake i ka Academy, e hele mai e halawai pu me lakou. I mea, ia ua ke kipi ku ei na shackles o ka academicism a me ka mea he hoailona o ka hou ke kula ka pukaʻana o ka realism, ma a Konstantin Makovsky e pāʻani kūlana he koʻikoʻi.

I ka 1863, i ka artist pili ana i ka hui I. Archeology a me ka hana i loko o ka ka pukaʻana Ke 'ano moʻokalaleo o ke ano moʻokalaleo Ke pena. I ka 1870 Makovsky lilo kekahi o na initiators a me ideological inspirers o e pili ana i ka Hui o ka hele Artists a me ka hailona o ka hana, hōʻike no, e hoohuli o maʻamau o ke ola.

He ua hōʻike ka hana a elua ma nā nā hōʻike, a me ka poe me na poe aea. I ka 80-ies Makovsky ua lilo loa kaulana mea kākau Salon kiʻi a me ka pena ma mōʻaukala kumuhana. I ka MH 1889, ua loaa i kekahi mekala gula ma ka oe exhibition ma Paris i ka moʻo o ka hana.

Makovsky mea brushes ua mōʻaukala, e hoohuli, i ke ola o na kanaka, ke ola. He kaukau aloha a me ka yoiia? Pololei kākau costumes a me ka hoonoho ana o na huapalapala. Ma ka hopena o 80-ies ka artist ua increasingly huli i ka mōʻaukala kanaka, kākau oi piha kiʻi, no ka laʻana, "Boyarsky mareʻahaʻaina i loko o ka XVII kenekulia", i hoʻomaha ai ka pomaikai nui i ka lehulehu a me ka manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni. E like me ka mea i hana i na kiʻi o kekahi mau kanaka.

Ka noʻeau'āina hoʻoili o Konstantin Makovsky mai e pili ana i ka haneri pena, he nui wale o ia i nui, lōʻihi moʻolelo (i keia mea, i hoʻopuehuʻia i loko o kekahi a me ka iau hoiliili ole a pau ma luna o ka honua). Eia hou kekahi, ia i komo i loko o ka manao o ka Hale Pule Nui o Kristo i ka mea e ola ai ma Moscow.

ÿauhau

Konstantin Makovsky, nona pena i kēia manawa i ka mea o ka noonoo ana o ka Waihona Noʻeau, oia ua he ÿauhau nui. Kēia kuko, ua ili mai i kona makua kāne, ka mea i aloha i keʻano o ke akamai a me ka mea antiques.

I ka manaʻo o ka ohi i ua kālaiʻia e ka artist i loko o nā hua'ōlelo: ". Nani kahiko" Lawe pio aku ai ma ka mōʻaukala kanaka, oia ohi na oihana a pau a me ka lako i ka, costumes, a me nā mea a pau i o Laielohelohe i ka maemae ho'āʻoʻana o ka artist.

Ma entrainment kua'āina theme, Makovsky i hele ai i ka Lūkini panalaau la, kūʻai hale 'ikamu a me ka aahu. Hele ana a hiki i ka hikina Pākuʻi i ka ohi ana i ka helu nui o'Ākia hale 'ikamu, rugs, Jewelry a me costumes. E like me ka hopena, no ka 80 la makahiki o ka artist keʻena ka mea, ua oi e like me ka iau ma mua o ke kanaka e noho ai.

Mea pinepine hoiliili ole i malama ia e like me ke kumu no ka hanaia'na o ka pena. No laila, ma o ka "Boyarsky mareʻahaʻaina i loko o ka XVII kenekulia", kiʻiʻoniʻoni nana i ka coincidence minuke lāliʻi me ka mōʻaukala costumes a me ka lako i ka o ka wā. Ma ka hoʻomaka o XX kenekulia. Makovsky i kekahi o Rusia ka nui Waihona Noʻeau, a me kana hana i alakai i ke kumu no kaʻohiʻohi hepa i waena o nā bohemians a me ka bourgeoisie.

Konstantin Egorovich ua loa haʻaheo o kona ohi, me ka olioli hoike ia, a haawi mai la i kekahi mau nā hōʻike mea. Ma hope o kona make ana, ka mea i hoʻonohonoho kudala, a i 1100 'ikamu, a me ka hopena i ka wahine kāne make i hoolaia ma ka hapalua o ka miliona rubles, a me na mea hele i hoiliili ole o kanaka a me ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha. Akā, Eia naʻe,ʻaha kanaka ano hoopono i ua compromised, a me ka lōʻihi-kau hana Makovsky hele aku la i mau apana.

oi hana

Konstantin Makovsky, ka maikai kiʻi, Kawaihae, a ua loaa no nae i ka lilo i ka mea o ke ao ana o ke akamai, haʻalele ka hoʻoilina nui. Mawaena o kana mau loa kaulana hana i: "Ka Make Ivana Groznogo", "ahaaina Boyar Morozova", "Bulgarian poe hoike aku ia", "Minin ma ka Nizhny Novgorod Fair", ", ka wahine mare o ka koho o Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich"

Ke ponoi ke ola o ka artist

Konstantin Makovsky huakaʻi hele i ka puu, noho no kekahi manawa ma Paris, ekolu kipa i Aferika, a me kana hana, kahi e hiki ke 'imi i nā hiʻona o ka nascent modernism a pau i kēia waiwai. No ka mea, o kona pono la noʻeau Makovsky i i hookoia ka Legeona o Nani, a o St. Anne.

Ke artist Ua mare ekolu manawa. Kana wahine mua i make o ka tuberculosis, a me ka lua o ka ia i hemo. A pau ka mea, he mau keiki eiwa, a i loaʻa nā Artists a me ka moʻomeheu hana.

September 30 New Style 1915 streetcar kikeke ana kanaka - no laila, e holo aku kona holo ana, Konstantin Makovsky. Ke ola a me ka hana ana o ka artist i koe i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Lūkini pena me he 'aoʻao nui o ka lilo ana i realism.