Kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala

Nā polokina kapaia nitrogenous macromolecular ke aloha 'ona. Ka mea, i kūkuluʻia mai'amino nāʻakika. Nā polokina hana walaʻauʻana hana i loko o ka 'ole a me ka nui o nā hana meaola, e like me kā lākou mau papa kuhikuhiE ke keʻena a me ka pono. Ma muli o ia mau ke aloha i huiʻia o ka pūnao, ikehu huli ana.

Aie i ka nui kŘpa a nui o na nā lātoma, ua i hookupaaia ka ka manaʻo pohihihi o ka 'ole, e like me ka pono me ka nele o ka' ike e pili ana i ka mall haku mele 'ana o ka hapanui o na waiwai i ka naauao hoʻokahi Mea Maluna o nā polokina. Na keia kaawale'ōnaehana Ua pili kēia ākeʻakeʻa kumu. A hiki aku kona e kukulu i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ka mea kino a me ka Nine Inch waiwai o nā polokina, kā lākou mau kumu, liluwelo haʻawina, a me ka' ē aʻe, pinepine huikau, na hoailona.

Penei, kaʻawale globular a me ka fibrous, hydrophobic (insoluble) a me ka hydrophilic (wailana)ʻia. Kēia mahele ua ma muli o ka physico-Nine Inch waiwai o ka hui. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka kumu o ka noho kaʻawale nā polokina o ka'emi'aʻaʻa, lāʻau lapaʻau, Muscle, a me na mea e ae. Aia nō i mea koʻohune, holoholona, a me kaʻai i huiʻia. I kulike ai me ka liluwelo hana o kaʻawale -hormones nā polokina, nā'ūhū, nā polokina, contractile a me mall nā polokina, nā mea'aʻaʻa, a me na mea e ae. It E ke kaulana i loaʻa nō kekahi mau hui i hiki ole e wahi ai i kekahi o ka mea ma luna o nā pūʻulu. O ke kumu ho i ka hemahema o ka'ōnaehana o ka Mea Maluna, a me ka loaʻa kekahi ka nohona o nā nā polokina lakou iho.

He maheleia i huiia ma ka luna '(proteid) a me ka hemahema hoi (nā polokina). Simple nā polokina nō ka mea wale'aminoʻakika polymers. Complex i huiʻia, ma ka hou e'aminoʻakika residues, a no ole-kumuʻiʻo ho'ā hope.

Ma kēlā me kēia aeea haule ana na tausani o ke aloha kiʻekiʻe hakakino i huiʻia. Aie i ka mea i loko o ke ola ana o ke kino, e luku ma neia hope aku i kēia mau waiwai, e lawe mai i ka halepaahao ana hoʻololi kemikala o ke kumuʻiʻo, e kūkulu hou i ko lakou organelles, membranes a me nā eiiiiiaiou. A me keia helu nui o aeee ua hoakaka no ka ho okumu ana o ke aloha i huiʻia o ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Ma keia "? Iecaianoaaiiuo" e hoʻoili, no kekahi laʻana, keena ma ka endocrine glands i paka hormones. Where kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala i ka nui pinepine '.

Hoʻomanaʻo i huiʻia pono nui ikehu koina. Kumu ka hoʻolako 'ole wale kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala, akā, i nā mea a pau ke kelepona hele keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka ATP.

It E e kaulana i keʻano o nā hana a me nā Pahuhopu o ka hui i hanaʻia e like me kā lākou iniiaiie 'ole - ka kaʻina o ka'aminoʻakika i loko o ka lātoma. Hereditary ikepili ma ka iniiaiie kumuʻiʻo 'ole lelo i loko o ka nucleotide kaula DNA lātoma. O kela hapa Deoxyribonucleicʻakika, a iloko ona i kakauia i ka 'ike e pili ana i ka'aminoʻakika kaʻina o ka hui i kapaia he'ōewe.

kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala i wahi ma luna o ka ribosomes i loko o ka cytoplasm o ka halepaahao. Ke cytoplasm mai ka nucleus 'ike ma luna o ka' ole o ka hui i loko o ka palapala o mRNA (ʻelele RNA). No ka mea hoʻololi kemikala o nā lātoma a me RNA ia lŘlŘ "unwinding" (despiralization) DNA māhele 'āina. Ka hope kaʻina hana i wahi ma luna o ka loina o ka complementarity. E ho ohana i nā'ūhū i ka DNA kaulahao mea synthesized RNA nā lātoma.

Ke cytoplasm E komo i kekahi kau o ka'amino nāʻakika. Ua Ua koi 'ia no ka kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala. Ho okumu ana o kēia mau'amino nāʻakika mea ku pono i ka cleavage o edible ke aloha i huiʻia. Eia kekahi, o ka'aminoʻakika ke kiʻi ma luna o ka pololei hoʻololi kemikala pauku (ka ribosome), ua pili ia i kekahi hoolilo RNA (tRNA).