Lepo ululaau Rusia

Russian ?? eoi? Mea he nui. He ka nui loa moku'āina ma ka wahi. Kona mau aina hohola aku aneane he umikumamakahi tausani kilomika mai komohana i ka hikina. Ke aniau a me ka lepo i loko o ke aupuni e loaʻokoʻa. Ka Huliau - mai ka hoʻohalahala'Ālika i subtropical. Aina, ma ka huli - mai ka anu snowy 'Ālika nahele no hoi ia i loko o ke kūkulu'ākau e arid kalaka nui-wao nahele, ma ke kūkulu hema.

hehi ciia

Ke kaumaha ma muli oa ?? a me climatic rula o ka aina, i ka lepo uhi ua hana o ka okoa hionapāʻili a me ka fertility.

Russian ?? eoi? Ua maheleia i loko o ka kēia kūlohelohe mau mea :

• Artic waonahele;
• tundra;
• ulu-tundra;
• taiga;
• broadleaf a me ka hui ululaau ;
• hehi;
• hehi;
• wao nahele;
• subtropics.

E pono ai? Anoee no ka mahiʻai hana i manaoia e ia wahi o ka nahele hehi, hehi a me subtropics.

Hehi ciia ua wehewehe aku ma ka alternation o ka nahele a me ka hehi aina. Ma keia wahi, he mea ho'āno-podzol, Marsh, oho nahele ka lehu, ka paakai palu ai nā'īlio a me typicalʻeleʻele soils.

Forest aina a me ko lakou ho okumu

Ka nahele-hehi - he maoli wahi aia ma waena o ka nahele, a hehi? Aie? Ciie. Hehi māhele hiki ma ka hikina 'Eulopa Plain a me ka West Siberian Plain kekahi, e like me ma ka mokuna o ka Hawaiian Urals. Kekahi ululaau? Eou e aia i loko o ka Pannonian Plain.

Russian nahele lepo i hanaʻia i loko o ke kaʻina lōʻihi o ka lepo-ho okumu i pōʻaiapuni. E hoʻomaka ana i ke kahua o ka ciia pili i ka wā o ka panina mauʻaʻei ka wā. In Hawaiian Europa, a Western Siberia nahele āpana ua pono kona mau niho, a ma ka olelo mai ka hikina a hiki i komohana ua maheleia i ekolu wahi: ka Hōʻole akula Hikina, Siberia, a Hawaiian.

nahele lepo waiwai i okoa i loko o kā lākou haku mele 'ana a me ka molekumu o, mea, ma ka huli, e hoʻoholo i ka hoomau o ka mahiʻai kanaka hana a me kona specificity.

Forest-hehi - he kaʻakālai o nā kumu waiwai o Rusia

Ke iauae ieiuaae o keia ciia mea ma kahi o 150 miliona aa, a ma kahi o 7% o ka iauae ieiuaae o ka moku'āina. Climatic rula lakou aloha ia i ka zonal ano o ka mea i 'ano o ka aina i loko o ka ulu lāʻau Kīwala'ō, ke kaumaha ma muli ii iai, ke ana wela a me ka mea kanu uhi. Climatic kumu i loko o ka nahele loli, mai ka akau i ka hema, wehewehe aku ma ka moku'āina oko ao, a hoʻoholo pehea ka lepo hehi Rusia i e radically okoa ma ka hionapāʻili a me ka suitability. LepoʻAno hoʻouka kekahi ma luna o ka humusʻalihi moana. Ke alo aku o ka humus, ahu iho emi o iwakalua mau kenimika ua manaoia i ka hoailona o kaʻilihune soils. More aku kanaha - lepo ua noʻonoʻo pono no ka hana o ka mahiai.

Ka nui loa wahi o ka aina, pono e kau mai maluna o ka Lūkini hehi. Nā soils o ka wahi ma lalo mahi i kanawalu pakeneka. Aie i ka fertility kiʻekiʻe a me ka humus, ahu iho me ka nui hapa nui o ka ulu i ulu. No ka mea nui loa kiliala nahele lepo e maikaʻi. Ma keia ciia, hua palaoa, rai, kulina, buckwheat. mahi o hanalima ulu lawa ke kino: pua nānālā, beet, oilseed kūlanakauhale.

Ho okumu a me ka ano o soils i loko o ka nahele-hehi oo? O ka aina

Forest lepo i hanaʻia i loko o nā ana o ka ulu o ka nahele a me nā kula.

Lepo uhi ulu ciia i hanaʻia i palaho o ke kanu residues laau uuku a me nā mauʻu wanawana laau. Biomass hardwood wahi o kekahi mau hou kahua agrocenoses, a hiki mai ka 100 a hiki i 500 tona no aa, ec eioi, ke kaumaha ma muli laau makahiki. Ma nahele residues nahele lepo makahiki oia ke launa mai ka 2 a hiki i 30 tona no aa, ec eioi o maloo mea ec mai ka 50 a hiki i 700 kilograms no aa, ec eioi lehu constituents. Waiwai hardwood residues naikokene (50-85 kg / Ke Kai) a me ka kalipuna (70-95 kg / aa) hoʻoholo i ka loaʻa nui o ka maikai rula no ke kahua o ka momona soils.

Ma ka akau o ka nahele-hehi oo? O ka lepo aloha ua ho'ākāka 'ia ka hapanui oho nahele aina, leached a podzolized chernozems. Ma oho nahele soils me ka mākaʻi mālama nui ka mahiai. 55% o ka wahi ma lalo mahi, akā, ma kaʻeleʻele honua - ma kahi o 40%.

Ma kolalo no hoi olaila na awawa, kaola, kaumaha a me ka poho, nae pili groundwater (1.2 mika), e hana glei lepo humus a me ka ho'āno glei amid pratensis Louka a me ka laau uuku. Ka mea i hoʻohana like hayfields a me nā kula.

Ma awawa mau mea o medium- a me ka silnosmytyh lepo wahi, aole ia e oi aku mamua o 5%, oiai ma kahi maikai ae elevations like kiʻekiʻe me 20% a oi.

Ma ka hema loa o ka ulu lāʻau, mahiʻai aina iʻano nui aia i loko o ka leached a me ka typical chernozems. Mahi ma kahi o 87% o ka heluna aina kahi. Ke bulk o ka aina arable ua aia ma luna o ke akahai hene. Ikaika ka wai ka'aʻaiawā paku ole ia i kahi o kanakolu pakeneka o ka aina arable, mai ia 40-50% o ka makahiki kona i loko o kekahi mau wahi.

Emi lepo fertility - ka catastrophe o ka wā e hiki mai

Ka ikaika emi i loko o ka fertility oʻeleʻele lepo ka poʻea pau i ka mālama ka ho'ēmiʻana o ka mahuaola. Ke kumu no keia mea i ka mālama nui mahiai. Aʻoi emi ma ka maʻiʻo o ka humus lepo, a mahuahua nui physical nuʻa, mea hōʻemi o ka 'ole, a me ka physical waiwai o ka wai-hana maikaʻiʻole ma muli o ke kaumaha mahiʻai hana.

Lepo kele Rusia i kēia lā i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka mālama nui mahiʻai o ka oi ma mua o 30% Ua lilo kona fertility. Kēia kaʻina ua manaoia e e irreversible. I ka ho okumu ana o kekahi kenimika topsoil i kahi o 125-400 makahiki kahiko i loko o ka hihiu. Poino, kena ae la ia e ke kanaka, ka mea nui kēia. A laila, me ka malama ana i ka pono 'ana ma muli o ka KUMUMANAʻO NUI me ke koe o ka aina o ka aina ua pilikia ke kaiaola o ke ano. Kēia, e alakai i ka nalowaleʻana o ka momona'āina i loko o ka hope 40-50 makahiki. Hopefully, ka naʻauao a me ka naauao ke kaiāulu kanaka, e ole ae i na he catastrophe o global mea i loko o ka alualu o nui ke kala.