Lula Kirchhoff

Ke kaulana German physicist Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824 - 1887), i ka puka o ke Kulanui o Königsberg, e like me ka noho ana o makemakika ke kālaikūlohea ma ke Kulanui o Pelelina, ma ke kumu o ka manaʻikepili a me Ohm ka kānāwai loaa i ka lākou o ka rula e leie aku mākou e kālailai luna 'pou i puhi ai. A he mau, a ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka electrodynamics o Kirchhoff ka rula.

Ka mua (IeAUPIIe, IAa IO wahi) o, ma o Mānoa, i ke kānāwai o ka mālama o ka uku ole i loko o ka huipūʻana me ke ano i ka 'āhewa' ana i i hanau ai, a mai nalo i loko o ke alakaʻi mele. Keia rula i pili i nā aka wahi o ka pou i puhi ai, a laila wahi kaapuni ma i converges ekolu a oi conductors.

Inā mākou e lawe i ka maikaʻi ma amau o ka pono ma ka huakai kaapuni, i mea pono i ka mea he wahi, a me ka mea e haalele - no ka io, i ka huina o na paialewa ma kekahi wahi pono e 'Aʻohe no ka hiki ole i ka' āhewa 'ana loaa i loko o ka paena.

i, = N

Σ Iᵢ = 0,

I = H

Ma nā hua'ōlelo, ka nui o ka uku ole i hoʻopili like i kekahi wahi ma ka mokuna manawa e e like me ka helu o ka hoopii e hele mai i ka haawiia wahi i loko o ka hookahi manawa au.

Kirchhoff ka lua o ka rula - he generalization o Ohm ka kānāwai, a pili ia i ka mea paʻa contours ai manamana kaula.

Ma kekahi paʻa kaapuni, he auʻa koho i loko o ka luna 'uila kaapuni, ka algebraic huina o nā huahana o paialewa koa a me ia'ku e like contour mau mea e kukaʻi, e i keia i ka algebraic huina o ka emf i loko o ka huakai kaapuni.

I = n₁, i = n₁

Σ Iᵢ Rᵢ = Σ Ei,

I = li = k

Kirchhoff ka rula e loa pinepine hoʻohana e hoʻoholo i nā aiee o ka he ikaika i loko o ka luna 'kaulahao mau mea kahi ia'ku a me kiko'î o ka papa kumu i haawi mai ai. E noonoo i ke ano o ana i ka rula o ka i ka ho omaulia kaapuni laʻana i. Mai na nā helu kaulike ma i ka hoʻohana a Kirchhoff mau rula, i ole algebraic nā helu kaulike, i ka helu e i keia i ka helu ana o unknowns. Inā ka ua kālailai huakai kaapuni maupaʻa N aka wahi a me ka m wale i kaʻai (lala), a laila, i ka mua rula hiki ke hanaʻia (m - 1) kuokoa kaulike e hoʻohana i ka lua o ka rula, oi (N - ka m + 1) kuokoa nā helu kaulike.

Hana 1. E koho i kekahi kaulele kuhikuhi pono, nānā "alii" inflow a me ka outflow, i ka'āina e ia i ke kumu a omo 'āhewa' ana. Inā e koho i na he ala e hiki aku 'oe e ka hewa, alaila, i ka waiwai o keia papa, e ia io. Akā, me nā kumu o kaʻikena 'ana, iaono? I ole ākeʻakeʻa kumu, e dictated ka mea, ma ke ala o ka me na auamo.

KaʻAnuʻu Hana 2 ka helu kaulike o na paialewa e like me ka mea mua Kirchhoff ka rula no ka'āina b.:

I₂ - I₁ - I₃ = 0

KaʻAnuʻu Hana 3: Ka nā helu kaulike e like me ka lua o ka Kirchhoff ka rula, akā, mālama '-wae elua kuokoa wahi i puhi ai. Ma keia hihia, he ekolu nā papaha: ka hema loop, badb}, pono kaapuni {bcdb} a me ka contour puni ka holoʻokoʻa, badcb} kaula.

No ka mea, he mea e pono wale ekolu amperage e loaʻa, ua hoʻohāiki 'ia makou iho i nā wahi i puhi ai. holo alaʻokoʻa cia kuhikuhi ana mai i kona au, a EMF e manaoia maikaʻi ina e coincide me ka olelo o ka holo alaʻokoʻa. Mākou e hele a puni ke contour {badb} counterclockwise, ka helu kaulike lilo:

I₁R₁ + I₂R₂ = ε₁

Ka lua a hana i ke komo lima o ka nui, badcb}:

I₁R₁ - I₃R₃ = ε₁ - ε₂

KaʻAnuʻu Hana 4: Ano e mai i ka'ōnaehana o nā helu kaulike, i mea nō mea e hoʻoponopono.

Ka hoʻohana 'ana Kirchhoff mau rula, e hiki ke hana, e huikau algebraic helu kaulike. Ua Nohie ke kahua ina ka huakai kaapuni he kekahi symmetric hehee wale, ma keia hihia, aole paha e aka wahi me ka ia Loaʻaʻia, a me nā kaula lālā me ka like paialewa, a simplifies helu kaulike loa.

A panina mamuli o keia kulana o ka pilikia o ka hoomaopopo ana i ka papa koa i loko o ka cubic shape haku o'ālike ia'ku. By symmetry kaapuni Loaʻaʻia 2,3,6 heluʻai, e like me 4,5,7 helu i na ia, ka mea hiki ke hui, no ka mea, 'aʻole e hoʻololi i ka olelo o ka he o ka makana, akā, me ka nui loa Nohie kiʻikuhi. Penei, Kirchhoff kānāwai i ka pou kaapuni povolyaet maʻalahi hana luna 'i ka ho omaulia puni DC.