Makua'lii - ia ... makualii, o Rusia. makua'lii, Kirill

Makua'lii - ka mea, o ka mea kiekie loa ecclesiastical hanohano i loko o ka autocephalous Orthodox Christian Church. Ka olelo ninoieo a ka pilina o nā eiiiiiaiou mau o ke kumu, a me ka Helene, ua hoohalike ana me ka "makua kāne", "domination" a me "mana." Kēia inoa i hookama Chalcedon ekalesia ahaolelo i ka 451. Ma hope o ke Karistiano ekalesia mahae ma 1054 ma ka hikina mai (Orthodox) a me ka Western (Hui), keia inoa ua entrenched i loko o ka luna kiʻekiʻe o ka hikina mai Church, ma ka makua'lii - he hana hierarchical inoa cleric ka mea ke kiekie ecclesiastical mana.

makualii, he

Ma ka Byzantine aupuni a pau i ka manawa o ka ekalesia i alai ai i ka eha makua'lii: Constantinople, Alexandria, Anetioka a me Ierusalema. Over manawa, e like me ka loaa Kuokoa a me ka autocephaly o ka'āina e like me Serbia, a Pulakalia, ua alakaʻi o ka Ekalesia i ku i ka makua'lii. Akā, Ua koho mua Heihei Hoewaʻa o Rusia i ka 1589 ma ka Moscow Hale Pule Nui o ka ekalesia luna kiʻekiʻe, alakaʻi i ia manawa i ka Heihei Hoewaʻa o Constantinople Ieremia II.

he makualii, o Rusia he ole nui ma luna o ka ulu o ka Orthodox Church. Lākou selfless selfless ala ua oiaio'ōlohe wiwo, a no laila, nele i ka he hanauna e ike, a e ike o keia, no ka mea, kela mea keia mea o ka huahuwa iho ma kekahi kahua i ka pilina me ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i o ka manaoio oiaio i ka Slav kanaka.

Ioba

Ka mua Moscow makua'lii i Ioba, ka mea i paʻa i ka oihana laa, mai 1589 a hiki i 1605 e. Kona papa kuhikuhiE a me ka pahuhopu nui ua e hooikaika Orthodoxy ma Rusia. He ua ka initiator o ka helu o ka ekalesia nā mea hoʻololi. Ma lalo o kona mau hou dioceses i hoʻokumu a me nā ōlaʻi i o monasteries, hoomaka ae la ka ekalesia e e paiia pule puke. Naʻe, i ka Heihei Hoewaʻa o 1605 i hoʻokahuliʻia e ka poʻe kipi a me na kipi no ka mea, o ka hōʻole 'ana e ike i ka mana o ka wahaheʻe Dmitry I.

me Heremogene kekahi

No ka Ioba Patriarchate alakaʻi Svyaschennomuchenik Germogen. Kona noho alii ana ua hana ia mai ka 1606 a hiki i 1612. Kēia manawa coincided me ka wā o ka noho alii ana o ka loa turmoil ma Lūkini mōʻaukala. Makua'lii, Ioba ke akea a me ka wiwo ole i olelo mai ai mai ke alo o na komohewa a me Polish Prince, ka poe i makemake e kūkulu ma luna o ka noho aliʻi Lūkini. I loko o ia me Heremogene kekahi oia, ina ua hoopaiia e na auamo, ka mea i waiho ai ia ia ma kahi paa ma ka hana mana hoailona a malaila starved. Akā, i lohe i kana mau olelo, a ua koke i hanaʻia i nā militias alakai e Minin a me Pozharsky.

Filaret

I kekahi Heihei Hoewaʻa iloko o ka manawa mai ka 1619 a hiki i 1633 ua Fedor Nikitich Romanov Jura, ka mea ma hope o ka make ana o Tsar Fedor Romanov lilo i kupono contender i kona noho aliʻi, e like me ka ua i ke keiki Ioanna Groznogo. Akā, Fedor haule i hilahila i Boris Godunov a i tonsured ka möneka, e loaa ana i ka inoa Filaret. I ka wa o ka turmoil ma ka wahaheʻe Dmitry II, i laweʻia i loko o kahi paa Kauhalenui Filaret. Mikhail Romanov - akā, i loko o 1613, ke keiki a Filaret i koho Lūkini tsar. Pela, ua lilo ke kākoʻo '-kahu aupuni, koke ma hope o Filaret entrenched honolulu makua'lii.

I Ioasafa

Ka hope, i ka makua'lii, Filaret mai ka 1634 a hiki i 1640 ua lilo i ka archbishop o Pskov a me Velikiye Ioasafa I, nana i hoolilo ka nui o ka hana ma ka hewa? Iaea i loko o ka liturgical buke. I ka i hua mai la ia 23 liturgical puke, hoʻokumu ekolu monasteries, a hoihoi hou ae la elima mua paa.

Iosepa

Makua'lii ia Iosepa Rules i loko o ka papa o na makua'lii, mai 1642 a hiki i 1652 makahiki. He uku nui noonoo i ka uhane hoʻomāʻikeʻike wale, no laila, ke Moscow Theological Academy "Rtishchevskaya launa hoahanau" ka wā mea, ua hookumuia ia ma 1648. St. Andrew hoailona. Ukraine - ka mea, o ke aloha ia ia ia mea, ua lawe nāʻanuʻu mua i ka reunification o Rusia, a Little Rusia.

Nikon

A laila, mai 1652 a hiki i 1666 ka Russian Orthodox Church alai ae ma ka makua'lii, Nikon. He ua kaumaha ascetic a me ka uhane makua kāne, ka mea i 'Imi ka pilina i ka reunification o Ukraine a me Rusia, a laila, i ka Belarus. Ma lalo iho ona manamana mau hoailona o ke keʻa i ua auou caiaiai me ka manamana lima ekolu.

Joasaph II

Hiku o ka Heihei Hoewaʻa lilo Joasaph II o, Archimandrite o ka Trinity-Seregio Lavra, ka mea i alii iho la oia mai ka 1667 a hiki i 1672. Hoomaka ae la oia e alualu nā mea hoʻololi o makua'lii Nikon, ia ia i hoomaka ai e hoʻonaʻauao lahuikanaka akau-hikina outskirts o Rusia ma ka mokuna me China ma ka Amur River. Iloko o ka noho alii ana o kona Beatitude Ioasafa II Spassky hoailona i hoʻokumu.

Pitirim

Moscow makua'lii Pitirim rula umi wale mahina mai 1672 e 1673. A bapetizo aku la oia Peipsi hoailona Tsar Peter I. I ka 1973, a me kona mau mea e pomaikai ai, ua hookumuia oia Ostashkov Tver hoailona.

Joachim

i kuhikuhi i nā hana a pau o ka mea e hiki mai ana makua'lii Joachim, o ka rula ana i ka 1674 ma ka 1690, e ku e na keiki ma Rusia. I ka 1682, i ka manawa o ka pilikia aie a hiki i ka succession o makua'lii Joachim ia, e hoʻopau i ka uprising musketeers i.

Andrian

Umi makua'lii Andrian clergymen noho mai ka 1690 a hiki i 1700, a ua nui ma i hoomaka ai e kākoʻo i ka hāpai 'o Peter I i kaʻoihana moku kūkuluʻia, koa a me ka hoʻokele waiwai nā mea hoʻololi. Kona ha awina i pili ai i ke ana o na canons, a me ka maluhia o ka ekalesia, mai ka hoʻopiʻopiʻo.

Tikhon

A laila, wale nō ma hope o 200 makahiki o ka Synodal wā mai ka 1721 a hiki i 1917, a pii aku i ka nohoalii patriarchal, Kauhalenui o Moscow a me Kolomna Tikhon, ka mea i alii ai mai ka 1917 a hiki i ka makahiki 1925. Ma ka pōʻaiapili o ke kanawai a me ka kaua kipi, ka mea, he ai i ka hoʻoponopono 'ana aʻe me ka hou ana, io e pili ana i ka ekalesia.

Seregio

Mai ka makahiki 1925, Kauhalenui Seregio o Nizhny Novgorod lilo ka Hope Patriarchal Locum Tenens. Iloko o ka Nui Patriotic War ka mea i hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma ke dala Pale Kaua, ma i hoala mai i ke kālā no nā keiki makua ole, a hookama. Aia ua o ka hoʻokumu 'ia pahu kolamu ma lalo o ka inoa o Dmitry Donskoy. Mai 1943 a hiki i ka makahiki 1944, ua hoolilo iho la oia makua'lii.

Alexis I

Ma Feberuari makahiki 1945, me ka hou makua'lii Alexy I, i kona hele ana a hiki i ka noho aliʻi, a hiki i 1970, ua koho ia. He ua komo ma ka hoihoi hou ana i na hana o ka luku a me ka ekalesia monasteries ma hope o ke kaua, e hookupaa aku i hui 'ana me ke kaikuahine Orthodox Churches, ke, ole-Chalcedonian ekalesia Roma Hui Church o ka hikina, a me ka poʻe Kalawina.

Pimen

I kekahi poo o ka Orthodox Church ua ka makua'lii Pimen, e uhai i loko o kaʻoihana, mai ka makahiki 1971 a hiki i ka makahiki 1990. He lilo i ka hope o ka loli 'ai hoʻoili ma ka mua makua'lii, a kuhikuhi kā lākou mau hana a pau, e hooikaika ana ma waena o ka Orthodox ao nei i loko o kekahi aina. I ke kauwela o 1988 makua'lii Pimen alakaʻi i ka makaukau no ka hookahakaha o ka Ka Wā Kaukani o ka bapetizo ana o Rus.

Alexy II

Mai ka makahiki 1990 a hiki i ka makahiki 2008, i ka Heihei Hoewaʻa o Moscow Alexy lilo Bishop II. i kona noho aliʻi ma muli o ia ka 'imi naʻauao' ana a me ka hou ana o Russian Orthodoxy. He nui na ekalesia a me monasteries ua hamama i keia manawa. I ka papa kuhikuhiE hanana i ka puka o ka luakini o Kristo i ka mea e ola ai ma Moscow. I ka 2007, e kakauinoa i ke Kanawai o Canonical Orthodox Church hoopii i ka Lūkini Orthodox Church waho o Rusia.

Kirill

January 27, 2009, ua koho 'ia i ka umikumamaono makua'lii o Moscow, a lilo i ka Kauhalenui o Smolensk, a Kaliningrad Kirill. Ua koʻikoʻi cleric waiwai nui loa o Kawaihae, no ka mea, o ke hereditary kahuna. I na makahiki elima o kona noho alii ana, makua'lii Kirill ia ia iho e like me ka hoao ana i ka politician a me ke akamai ecclesiastical diplomat, hiki ke hoʻokō maikaʻi loa i nā hualoaʻa ma ka pōkole manawa i ke aloha i na hoahanau maikai loa i ka Peresidena a me ka Kuhina Nui Kuhina.

Makua'lii, Kirill i nui, e hoohui i ka Lūkini Orthodox Church wale aku no. Kona pinepine kipa i kokoke aina, halawai me nā kuhina a me nā 'elele o nā' aoʻao hoʻomana, e hooikaika, a hoʻonui launa a me ka Free palena. Kona mea hemolele maopopo ka hoomaopopo ana ia mea e pono ke hoala mai i ka pono a me ka spirituality ana o kanaka, a oi loa aku hoi kahuna. He mai nei i ka Ekalesia mea pono e komo i loko o mikionali haʻawina. Heihei Hoewaʻa o All Rusia, ikaika kū'ēʻana aku i nā kumu wahahee a me ka'ano'ē pūʻulu i pahu aku ai kanaka i loko o kekahi ahuwale hilahila. No ka mea, o ka mea nani olelo a me slogans huna mea no ka make ana o ka Ekalesia. Makua'lii, Kirill like ole kekahi ka hoomaopopo i ka inoa nui. Pehea nunui kona nui i loko o ke aupuni o ka ola. Makua'lii - mea, ma luna o nā mea a pau, he nunui kuleana no ka mea a pau aupuni a me ka a pau Russian Orthodox kanaka.