Mall hiʻona o ka columnar keena o ka'aʻaʻa. Palisade (columnar) lau'aʻaʻa o nā mea kanu una honua

Differentiation o aeee a me nā'aʻaʻa Radio nui i kūlana i loko o ke kino o ka ulu ana. I ka papa o nā kuleana no kela a me keia halepaahao hiki ke hoohalikeia me ka mahele o ka hana i loko o ka hola, ina kona hoʻomaopop 'ana i kēlā me kēia papa alima hanaʻia wale nō, i ka pono hopena hiki ke loaa i loko o ka pōkole mai au. ʻO ia pili i kekahi meaola ola, ka mea nona ka pono o ke ola hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka ka manaʻo pohihihi o ke ana a me ka evolution o ka noho niches.

He aha mea he aeea kālaimeaola ola meaola

Wai - he mall, a ooieoeiiaeuiiai paʻa o nā mea a pau e ola ana. Koe wale nō paha e nā mea hoʻomaʻi - 'ole-ke kelepona hele ola palapala. Lole - he lākou o nā keena, a intercellular waiwai, me ka like 'ole, a me ka kuleana pili i kumu. Kālaimeaola aeea kuleana pili i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o kona' ole, a ua dictated ma ke degere o ka hui ana o ka holoholona, a me ka mea kanu.

Ke differentiation o na keena o nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu e hele ana hoʻi i loko o ontogenesis. Kēlā me kēia o lākou ke hele mai, mai ka precursor'aʻaʻa, ina na holoholona o ke kumu keena, na mea kanu - meristem.

He aha mea he halepaahao? Kālaimeaola a me ke kelepona hele 'ole e leie aku ia ia e hoʻolaha i loko o nā pūʻulu.

1. Eukaryotic keena. O nā i ka mall huahelu o ka holoholona a me kanu meaola.

2. ka prokaryotic keena. Ka mea, i wehewehe aku ma ka wa e kaawale aku o ka nucleus a me nā organelles. No ka prokaryotic meaola nā koʻohune.

'Ole holoholona aeea

I ka like o ka halepaahao kanu'ōiwi nā limahana ma ka kālaimeaola. Ka 'ole o ka holoholona aeea i loaa e Hooke i loko o ka 19th kenekulia, akā, ka mea, ua akoakoa pu hoʻokolokolo kokoke i ka 20th Ka Wā Kaukani.

holoholona aeea mea he cytoplasm hoʻopuni plasmalemma. Ma ka cytoplasm o "lana" na kela a me organelles inclusions. Ma organelles i lysosomes, mitochondria, Golgi i hoʻomākaukauʻia, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes. Inclusion - nā waiwai i i mea hoʻoheheʻe ma ka cytosol, a e kali a hiki i ka mea e pono ai no ka hana o ka hale o ka halepaahao.

Haʻalele kanu, i loko o ka holoholona aeea mea,ʻaʻole he halepaahao paia, ka vacuole a me ka chloroplast. No hou ka penaʻana eiiieaen e loli ai, no ka mea hoike, i ka i Kekahi Mau 'o ka plasmalemma deformation i fission.

Ka 'ole o ka mea kanu aeea

Kūloko kanu aeea maʻiʻo mea nui waiwai ma mua o ka holoholona. Mua, e hiki ke loaʻa dvumembrannye 'ole - chloroplasts. A me ke kuleana pili i mea e hōʻoia 'ia ai ke kaʻina hana o ka kāʻamaʻai, i mea pono no ke kanu i ka olelo o ka hou ikehu kumu a me ka hanu, a me ka monakō koko.

Ke kanu aeea hou externally uhi ma ka halepaahao paia. Ua ninoieo o kelulose olona, a me ka wahi o ka hui 'ana o nā pili aeee nō keia pectin. Aia mea no ka mana foxmike luna 'Aʻole' ae 'hui' like hana holoholona keena. Ka papa kūlana pâʻani 'o ia e amo i loko o ka' ole o ke keena. Papa 6, ma i kālaimeaola i? Anoee mea,ʻaʻole i hohonu, ka mea, aole ia i hoʻolako 'ike e pili ana i na desmosomes - kūikawā ili i loko o ka halepaahao pa, i malama aku ai e hoʻoneʻe' ona mai kekahi aeea i kekahi. Me kēia mau hale a ke leka uila i ke vacuole i kekahi uuku anawaena alahaka.

Vacuole - keia mea i kekahi likeʻole, mai ka holoholona aeea loa. Kona papa o ka o kahi waiho waho o chemically hana alkaloids, nāʻakika, kalipuna, e kōkua stabilize i ka osmotic puʻe. Hoi, alkaloids a me kaʻakika ke kūlana maikaʻiʻole kahi o ka cytoplasm, no laila, ka mea e e ke aupuni 'o ka noho kaʻawaleʻana organelle me ka kūikawāʻili lahilahi, i hiki ole komo iloko ma na nā lātoma o keia nui. Vacuoleʻili lahilahi i kapaʻia ka tonoplast.

A pau i ka mall hiʻona o ka columnar keena o ka'aʻaʻa mea'ālike i ke kumumanao haku mele 'ana o ke kanu keena.

prokaryotic keena

Koʻohune (e like me ka poeikohoia o ka prokaryotes) i evolutionarily emi? Acaeoey? Meaola. Ka mea koʻohune aeea cytosol ua hoopuniia e kaʻili lahilahi, ke kelepona hele pā pōhaku a me ka mucous mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku. Loko ka mea, na organelles mea i loaʻa i loko o eukaryotes. Ke Kernel Ua hoi nalowale, a ua hōʻike mai iā ia a pau nā aaiaoe mea i loko o ka hapa nui o ka koʻohune mea hoʻokahi wale nō chromosome.

aeea pūnao ua kākoʻo 'ia e kūikawā hale - mesosoma. Ka mea, ho i ka outgrowth o ka cytoplasmicʻili lahilahi i loko o ka halepaahao, a me kā lākou hana mea e hanu ai kāʻamaʻai, ma ka hihia o photosynthetic koʻohune.

I ka wa e kaawale aku o ka Kernel kōkua, e hoʻonui i ka uku o ka EKOLU a me ka unuhi. aeaie uku o ka halepaahao mahele ua i mahuahua: he panalaau ia o koʻohune ke ka palua ana o ka poe a pau 20 minuke.

aeea kuleana pili i

Wai me he mall, a ooieoeiiaeuiiai paʻa o nā mea a pau e noho ana e hana likeʻole oihana e pili ana i ka mālama 'ana i ka nui haʻawina. O ka hana ka papa kuhikuhiE Ua pâʻani 'o ia ma ka' ole o ka halepaahao. Papa 6, ma i kālaimeaola i? Anoee ma ka kakahiaka nui kiʻekiʻe, dictating i ka papa kuhikuhiE hiʻona o ka hui ana o ka halepaahao pa alima.

Hoʻoholo 'o ke kanu keena - he multistage kaʻina hana ana i meristem i hana mai i kekahiʻano o nā nā'aʻaʻa: coverslips, excretory, ka hoʻolako' mechanical. Keena, mai kēlā i kēia nā'aʻaʻa oko mai kekahi i kekahi i loko o ka 'ole, a me ka mana e hana. No ka laʻana, i ka hana o ka uhi ana i ka halepaahao - ole i ka e na Luna i loko o ke kino, i ka wa o ka hoʻokō 'ia' hehee wale nō e pono ai ka amo ana o ke aloha a me ka mea pōhaku 'ona i loko o ka mea kanu.

AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o aeee ua loaʻa ma kūikawā maʻi a i kapaia plasmodesmata. Ka hooponopono ana ia lŘlŘ ma ka biochemical kiʻekiʻe ma keʻano o nā'ūhū a me metabolites.

List - ka vegetative nā loko o nā mea kanu

I ka hana o ka vegetative nā loko mea e malama i ka waiwai, e noho i ka mea kanu i ka e pono ai ke kiʻekiʻe. Lau i no a hiki i keia pae, no laila kona papa hana - ia mea photosynthetic.

Kolamu lole - keia mea i ka papa kuhikuhiE photosynthetic lau'aʻaʻa. Ua ninoieo o parenchymal keena, a mea he wahi lihi iki o chloroplasts. 'aʻaʻa columnar keena e kokoke ana i ke kee na ili o ka pepa, e loaa hou poe ikehu, a, me, hoonui i ka māmā a me ka hoʻokōʻana o ka kāʻamaʻai.

I ka pepa komo a naele'aʻaʻa, a i mea chloroplasts, akā, i ko lakou helu, he mamao loa emi ma mua o ka polisadnoy parenchyma. Ka nui, e hoike ana i ke kumu hana o ke keena o ka naele ia'aʻaʻa - he kinoea, e loaa hou ma muli o ka nui intercellular hakahaka.

Ke mall hiʻona o ka columnar keena o ka lau'aʻaʻa

Palisade parenchyma mea i loko o ka luna papa o ka pepa, e loaa i oi aku ka nui o ka poe ikehu. He mea pono no ka efficient pele o ka malamalama a me ka pouli kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o ka kāʻamaʻai, a i hoakaka hoʻomālamalama wale.

Columnar aeea - aeea mea he elongated paukūʻolokaʻa palapala, nona ka papa kuhikuhi hana - o ka kāʻamaʻai kaʻina. No keia mea, he mau umi o chloroplasts, a i aia ma luna o ka halepaahao periphery ma aeee columnar'aʻaʻa. Oia ka hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha ma ka makahiki cytosol ku i ka mahuahua Map omo ili honua.

Ma C4 mea kanu o Tropical a me ka Kapikoowāea nahele lau kanu'ōiwi nā mea heʻuʻuku okoa. Ka mea, columnar'aʻaʻa ua aia ma ka lālā luna a me ka lowermost papa o ke kino. Keia mea aie a hiki i ke 'o ka pouli kahua o ka kāʻamaʻai o kēia mau mea kanu.

Hiʻona o ka 'ole o columnar'aʻaʻa aeee e hoʻohana i ka hōʻoi' kanu kāʻamaʻai ka hoʻokōʻana.

He aha ka kāʻamaʻai?

Kāʻamaʻai - he nunui-biochemical kaʻina a oukou e haawi i ka ikehu i loko o ka palapala o ka ATP a me ka monakō koko - carbohydrate i ua waiho ia ma ka mea kanu.

Kāʻamaʻai ua maheleia i mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao: mālamalama a me ka pouli. Iloko o ke kahua mua, i ka photolysis o ka wai, i oxygen hoʻokuʻu hope, a ma-hoʻololi kemikala o ATP, NADPH. Ka pouli kāʻamaʻai mua o ka cascade o sequential reactions, kūpono synthesized monakō koko a me kō analogs.

No ke aha la hana kanu Pono kāʻamaʻai?

E malama i ka maʻamau ola kanu hale kūʻai nui dala o ka pia. Pia - he polysaccharide, i mea he monakō koko lātoma. 'Aʻole surprisingly, i ke kino o ka mea kanu o ka hiki a pau papa o ke aloha mea nui pakeneka lawe carbohydrates.

Hiʻona o ka 'ole o columnar'aʻaʻa aeee hiki pono ka hoʻokemu malamalama ikehu, i mea nui no biochemical reactions o kāʻamaʻai. Ma pouli mauʻanuʻu synthesized monakō koko a me nā hexoses, a i waiho ia ma ke ano o ka nui pia polymeric nā lātoma ma parenchymal keena. Pela hoi, aole i loko o ka chloroplasts kekahi manawa, hiki ke malama i ka pia mānoanoa.