Mass koho i kanu? Aneii: ano he kumu hoʻohālike

? Aneii o ka 'epekema e SafeSearch i nāʻano likeʻole hou o nā mea kanu, holoholona, microorganisms pōhaku. Ke kumu nui ana no ka koho ana i ka mea hou, a maikaʻi ka kanaka, a me ka nuipa a koho me ke koho iaoia.

IeAUPIIe, IAa IO? Aneii-paʻa crossover a me mutation o nā'ōewe makua paha, a laila, hana ʻimi hoʻopunipuni koho. All hou breeds,ʻano likeʻole, ke kanana nei, ke kanaka-i, i kekahi morphological a me ka physiological waiwai. Kēlā me kēiaʻano hakuloli no pakahi climatic cii. All hou 'ikamu loko kulana kupono, like me nāʻano likeʻole ma kūikawā wahi.

Mass kanu koho iaoia

A papakaukau koho i? Aneii houʻano likeʻole o nā mea kanu komo ai pollination o ka nui helu o nā mea kanu. Loa pinepine, ua hoʻohana 'ia kēia hana ma ka? Aneii o houʻano likeʻole o ka rai, kulina, pua nānālā, hua palaoa. Ma loiloi 'ana o kēia mau hua, e mele houʻano likeʻole o ka poeikohoia o ka heterozygousʻano a i ka hanana genotype.

A papakaukau koho i? Aneii hoʻolako houʻano likeʻole me ka hoʻoponopono hou 'ano. Naʻe, i kēia papa hana ua manaoia e e lolelua ka aie i ka pahiki kiʻekiʻe o noho ka unplanned keʻa-fertilization (nā mea kolo, manu).

Mass koho o nā mea kanu - ka wehewehena o ka pae o ke kanu specimens, like i kekahi i kekahi, e like me ka hookupaa ana hoʻohālike. An hana o ke ano o ka? Aneii he hou ka hanauna o ka cereal. Nui, ka? Iecaianoaaiiie oʻano likeʻole? Aneii-nuipa a iaoia komo ai seeding he nui helu o nā kope me ka hou ka loiloi 'ana i kā lākou? Acaeoey a me ka ulu, maʻi ia'ku, pest. Pū ana kūpono i ka nui o ka precocity, aniau, productivity koi. I ka? Aneii houʻano likeʻole o ka rai breeders koho wale ia mau specimens o nā mea kanu a ua oi hoʻopale i kekahi mau ololi, a me ka pepeiao nui me ka nui helu o mānoanoa. I ka reseeding kekahi manawa hou i ka kūpono lako e koho i hōkeo 'wale? Ueo i hoike mai i kona ponoʻaoʻao. E like me ka hopena o keia hana, ua loaa i ka houʻano, me nā 'ano like nā'ōewe. Kēia mea he papakaukau koho. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike ka rai? Aneii hōʻike pehea koho ua lawe mea kanu.

Mass koho he nui kona mau pono, i waena o i ka papa kuhikuhi o ka pono io, kāki-laulā, a me ka hiki e koke loaa houʻano likeʻole o nā mea kanu. Ke keakea nā i ka hikiʻole, e kiʻi i ka piha kūpono o ke keiki kakou nana.

I ka laulā o ka nuipa a koho

I ka hana ana me ka pakiko-pollinated a me keʻa-pollinated hoʻohana nuipa a koho e like me ke koho iaoia. Kona laulā hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka'ōewe, nā kūpuna mai, me ka i koho hāpana waiwai.

Inā nā'ōewe i kuleana no na symptoms mea paakiki symptoms, i ka hopena o ke koho, e e kiʻekiʻe.

I ka loaʻa maila iā ia mea kanu i makemake loa kāna moʻolelo koho ua 'ōlelo, ka papa ua ia i ka inoa. Ina o ka mea ilihune hana mau i ka hana ma ka wae. Ua mau like loa me breeders e ole e pau i ka i makemake i nā hualoaʻa ma ka hua'ōlelo o ka hua, hua nui, e kū'ē'ē mai i nā palapala aʻe, pests, maʻi. A me ka papakaukau koho ana i koho keiki kakou nana kekahi manawa oko a mai ka hope, ia, mai ko lākou mau mākua me ka ilihune hana.

No kaʻana? Aneii nui hāpana waiwai. Inā ua laweʻia ka mea i haʻahaʻa holo 'awelika, laila, i ka mea kanu ke hoike inbreeding kaumaha, i kūpono i hoemiia e haawi i ko.

Mass koho He loa ka hoʻokō wā hui me nā koho 'ana i kūpono. Ma ka hapanui o na hihia, ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka huipūʻana me ka hybridization, polyploid mea kanu e? Aneii.

hybridization

Hapalua - keia mua hanauna mea kanu i i mahuahua ipu ola a me ka luna productivity hoʻohālikelike me ka makua 'ano apau loa. Hoomau iho la lakou hoʻohana o ka hua hybrids nā'ōewe hoʻomaopop 'ana i nā mākua i luku aku.

polyploid koho

Ua pili no hoi polyploidy hana i ka hapalua. Ka wā e pili ana houʻano likeʻole, breeders hoʻohana polyploidy, i hiki aku ai i ka mahuahua ma ka halepaahao nui, a kanu multiplication chromosomes.

A nui helu o ka chromosome maoli ka ia'ku o ka mea kanu i ka maʻi likeʻole a me ka likeʻole adverse aʻe. Inā ka poino chromosomes i mea kanu kekahi mau mea e ae i koe ua hoʻololiʻia. All mea kanu loaa polyploid koho iaoia i maikai loa viability.

Ano he kumu hoʻohālike nuipa koho

Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka makaukau ana o ka hapalua ma ka nuipa a koho ka triticale. Kēia mea kanu ua loaa ia ma ka aoao o ka palaoa a me ka rai. Ke hou papa loaʻa kiʻekiʻe hau ia'ku, ruggedness, a me ka ia'ku i ka maʻi he nui loa.

Russian kālaiʻike palaoa a me ka wheatgrass hou kanuʻano likeʻole i loaa ka kiʻekiʻe ia'ku e moe ai. Naʻe, na mea kanu mua i ole e pono no i ka makaukau ana o kanu mea, like me kā lākou genome pihaʻi okoa chromosomes i komo i loko o meiosis. I hou haʻawina, ka mea i manaoia e ka palua ana o ka helu ana o kekahi mau chromosomes. Ka hopena i kekahi hana amphidiploids.

Breeders hybridization Ua hana me ka radish cabbage. Kēia mau mea kanu i ka'ālike helu o chromosomes. Ka hope hopena ua hali ana 18 chromosomes, akā, ka mea, ua fruitless. Mahope a pāpālua hoʻi i alakaʻi ai i nā mea kanu? Iecaianoaaiiie me 36 chromosomes a me ka hua o ka helu ana o chromosomes. Ke kūpono ai ke kino i na hoailona o ka cabbage a me ka radish i.

Akā, i kekahi hoohalike mea hybridization palaoa. Ua lilo ke kupuna o ka heterosis hybrids. E ohi ai 'inideka i ka hapalua moʻomeheu ua ma luna o kanakolu pakeneka, ma mua o ko lakou mau makua.

ka hopena

Wale hoʻomaʻemaʻe e wae i nā mea kanu o ka hou laina. Ma ia mea hoʻoholo i ka loa holomua pu hybrids. Nā hualoaʻa i kākau, a hoʻohana 'ia no ka hou? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka hapalua ulu.

Ka hooulu ana o ka houʻano likeʻole i mea wale nuipa a koho, i mea e hiki ai e loaa kiʻekiʻe-haawi ana iʻano likeʻole o ka palaoa, raiki, palaoa, rai. 'O kekahi mau hana, he mauʻano likeʻole hoʻomohalaʻia Lūkini breeders. Ua ulu "Saratov-29", "Saratov-36," "Bezostaya-1", "holaKahua". Ka mea, e hoʻopale i ka moe, kokoke ino, hiki ke i ka napoo ohi ai i loko o kekahi climatic ana.