Mea uholo uila kukuna: ke ano o ka mea, i ka pae'ōnaehana rula, o ka waiwai o

Mea uholo uila kukuna i quantum nā mīkini uila ma muli mea uholo uilaʻeleu meakino, ai ka'ōnohi amplification ma hauma¯na ea puka ua hanaia ma ka hoʻololi ma waena o ka quantum ikehu pae ma ka lehulehu kiʻekiʻe o noa uku ole nā moku halihali mokulele i loko o ka wahi.

Mea uholo uila kukuna: rula o ka hana

Maʻamau, i ka hapanui o nā electrons aia ma luna o ka valency pae. Ma kokoke photon ikehu loa i ka ikehu bana nahā i, he mea uholo uila, electrons e hele mai i loko o ka moku'āina o ka excitation, a me ka wawahi i ka i papaia ciia, hele i loko o ka noa ciia, kiaʻana i kāna ma kona haʻahaʻa palena. Ka poʻe, he puka i hanaʻia i loko o ka valence pae, e ala ana i kona keena la mokuna. Nā electrons i loko o ka noa ciia recombine me ka lua, houʻia ikehu like i ka ikaika o ka rupture ciia, i loko o ka palapala o photons. Recombination hiki ke hoʻokāʻoi e photons me ka lawa ikehu pae. Laulā hōʻike hoʻopili like i ka Fermi puʻunaue kuleana pili i.

lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe

Ka mea uholo uila kukuna lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ke kukuna diode EII ni ikehu electrons a me ka lua i loko o ka wahi pa-N-hoʻololi - o ka wahi o ka hui 'ana me ka mea lawelawe mea uholo uila He hawewe kuamua a N-type. Eia kekahi, he mau mea uholo uila kukuna me ka'ōnohi ikehu manaʻo kōkua ma i ka laau ua hanaʻia ma ke omo o photons o ka malamalama, a me ka quantum cascade kukuna, a i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o nā mahele ma loko o nā cii.

'ole

Typical hui hoʻohana 'ia ma ka mea uholo uila kukuna a me nā optoelectronic manaʻo, like penei:

• gallium arsenide;
• gallium phosphide;
• gallium nitride;
• indium phosphide;
• indium gallium arsenide;
• gallium Aluminum arsenide;
• gallium-indium-gallium nitride;
• phosphide, gallium-indium.

ke kōā

Mau hui - kauoha-nahā i semiconductors. Indirect- (silikone) 'aʻole i hoʻokuʻu akula i ka malamalama me ka lawa ikaika a me ka hoʻokōʻana. Ke kōā o ka pāhawewe o ka diode kukuna hilinaʻi nui ma ka ikaika o ka photon ikehu hoʻokokoke mai i ka poʻe nahā o ka mau hui. Ka 3- a me 4-ke keʻena mea uholo uila i huiʻia ka ikehu koa a nahā i ke e noke e lauwili ma ke ākea huahelu. At AlGaAs = Al _x HI _1-m E like me, no kekahi laʻana, e māhuahua Aluminum maʻiʻo (mahuahua ma ka m) i ka hopena o ka mea ulu i loko o ka ikehu bana nahā i.

Oiai o ka loa e like me ka mea uholo uila kukuna hana i loko o ka kokoke welaʻula hapa o ka pae, kekahi hoʻokuʻu akula ula (gallium indium phosphide), uliuli a me ka poni (gallium nitride) waihoʻoluʻu. Ka welaʻula mea uholo uila kukuna (ke alakaʻi i selenide) a me ka quantum cascade kukuna.

ke aloha semiconductors

Ma waho o ka luna'okanikaʻole i huiʻia i ke hoʻohana a me ke aloha. enehana kūpono mea nō ma lalo o? acaeoey, akā, kona ulu hai mua ia mai ia me ka nui loa emi i ka lilo o ka? iecaianoaaiiie o kukuna. No ia a hiki, wale ulu ke aloha kukuna me ka'ōnohi ikehu hoʻokomo o, a kiʻekiʻe-hana uila EII ni iʻaʻole naʻe, ua hiki.

? ueo

Ma ka ai iiiaanoaa o ka mea uholo uila kukuna a me kekahi mau mea kiko'î a me ka palapala noi waiwai.

Small kukuna diodes paka i ka laau o ke kiʻekiʻe-e like ai me mechanical pāhawewe kona mana papa koa, mai kekahi mau haneri i elima haneri milliwatts. ke kukuna diode? inoaia mea he lahilahi huinahń papa, i lawelawe 'ana me ka waveguide, mahope mai o ka pāhawewe kaupalena i ka uuku pokole. He aniani doped me na aoao elua e hana i kekahi pn-hoʻololi o kekahi wahi nui. Ke anaiia welau ho okumu i ka'ōnohi resonator o ka Fabry - Perot interferometer. Photon hele ma ka lua, e kauoha aku e mahuahua recombination pāhawewe, a e hoʻomaka i ka hanauna. Ka mea, i hoʻohana 'ia i loko o kukuna laʻau kuhikuhi, CD- a me DVD-âlapa pôhili me, like hoʻi me puluniu optic.

Low mana kukuna a me ka paa kukuna me ka mawaho lua no ka hoʻomakaʻia pōkole lāʻau ikiʻai wale i synchronize hanana.

mea uholo uila kukuna a me ka mawaho lua i komo ai o ka kukuna diode, a Radio he kūlana i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o ka waiwai meakino nui kukuna-resonator. Hiki ke hoʻololi hawewe, a i ka ololi ea puka koa.

Ka pahu kui kukuna i mea uholo uila māhele o ka pāhawewe i loko o ka palahalaha koa, hiki paha i haʻahaʻa ka pono laau mana o kekahi mau Watts. Ua ninoieo o ka lahilahiʻeleu, ahu iho manaʻo ma waena o ka hawewe kuamua a N-, ahu iho, ho okumu i ka papalua heterojunction. Keʻano papa hana o ka paa ana o ka malamalama ma ka kīloi paʻewa kuhikuhi mea koa wiwoʻole, i nā hualoaʻa ma ka kiʻekiʻe mea nana i ulana, a ellipticity unacceptably kiʻekiʻe paepae paialewa.

Ikaika diode huihui ikehu lā, iloko olaila no ka hoʻouka o diodes, hoʻoleleʻenehana, hiki ke i ka laau o mediocre mea e like ai ka mana o na umi o watts.

Ikaika mau-dimensional huihui ikehu lā o diodes hiki paha i ka mana o ka haneri o na tausani o watts.

Ili-K'lauea kukuna (VCSEL) K'lauea malamalama auaiaea kaola mea e like ai i loko o kekahi mau milliwatts p ÷ haku i ka una honua. Ma ka pāhawewe ili o ka resonator aniani ua noi i loko o ka palapala o ka papa ma dynes ¼ nalu me ka okoa refractive indices. Ma ka hookahi? Inoaia hiki ke i kekahi mau haneri kukuna, a wehe i ka manawa kūpono o ka nuipa a? Iecaianoaaiiuo.

C VECSEL kukuna'ōnohi ikehu hoʻokomo o a me ka mawaho resonator hiki o ka hoʻomakaʻia i ka laau o ka maikai e like ai ka mana o kekahi mau watts ma ke ano laka.

Hana mea uholo uila kukuna quantum cascade type ma muli o nā mahele i loko o ka mea paa (i loko o Akä naÿe i ka interband). Mau manao maalea hoʻokuʻu akula i loko o ka waena māhele o ka welaʻula pae, i kekahi manawa ma ka terahertz laulā. Ka mea, i hoʻohana 'ia, no ka laʻana, e like me ke kinoea analyzers.

Mea uholo uila kukuna: ke noi , a me ka nui, ao ke ano o ka

High-mana diode kukuna me ka lahui uila EII ni ma lōpū voltages i hoʻohana like loa ka hoʻokō kumu o ka haawi ikehu paa moku'āina kukuna.

Mea uholo uila kukuna e ae ke hana i loko o ka laulā nui o nä alapine i ka loaʻa o ka mea i nanaia, kokoke welaʻula, a mawaena ae welaʻula hapa o ka pae. Created i na mea maalea, e hoi hoʻololi izducheniya alapine (frequency).

hiki koke kukuna diodes OIeEOEIeAeEIIe, a pē mālie i ka'ōnohi mana i ua hoʻohana 'ia ma ka puluniu optic kamailio ana o ka laina transmitters.

Kēia mau 'ano Ua i mea uholo uila kukuna e technologically ka loa nuiʻano o ka maser. Ka mea i hoʻohana:

• he telemetry nā mea e loaʻa ka mea nalo, pyrometers,'ōnohi altimeter, rangefinders, hoi na mea makau, holography;
• ma ka puluniu'ōnohi EYI nenoai a me kaʻikepili pūnaewele, manaʻo aukahi kamaʻilio nenoai;
• kukuna nā mīkini paʻi, wikiō projectors, mea kuhikuhi, ka hoaka o kuhi mīkiniʻimi, kiʻi mīkiniʻimi, CD-âlapa pôhili me (DVD, CD, Pōlū-Ray);
• ma ka maluhia kekahi, quantum cryptography, hana nona iho, nā hoailona;
• i ka'ōnohi metrology a me ka spectroscopy;
• iʻoki kino, dentistry, cosmetology, Inc;
• ka wai huikala, nā pēpēʻana, pumping o ka paa moku'āina kukuna, hooponopono o Nine Inch reactions ma ka hanalima i hoʻokaʻina ', hanalima hana, mea hō'ā kaʻa nenoai, a me ka ea malu nenoai.

lāʻau ikiʻai wale ia auoiaea

Hapanui mea uholo uila kukuna paha ke he ana mea ulana lole. Aie i ka noho manawa pōkole o electrons i loko o ka conduction pae ka mea, i ole loa e pono no ka hoʻomakaʻia i Q-ua hō'ā lāʻau ikiʻai wale, akā, quasi-ana pololei o ka hana hiki me ka nui loa hoʻonui i ka quantum mīkini hana wāwahie mana. Eia hou kekahi, mea uholo uila kukuna i ke hoʻohana 'ia no ka hanauna ultrashort lāʻau ikiʻai wale aaeei-laka a me ka hoʻololiʻana o ka waiwai o. Ka mana pōkole lāʻau ikiʻai wale, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO kaupalena 'ia kekahi mau milliwatts koe VECSEL-optically EII ni kukuna, a auaiaea wattage ana picosecond lāʻau ikiʻai wale me ke alapine (frequency) i loko o ka umi o ka gigahertz.

Modulation a noaaeeecaoee

I ka lanakila o ka pōkole noho huina'ine i loko o ka conduction bana o ka mea uholo uila kukuna o ka hiki e pē mālie i ke kiʻekiʻe alapine (frequency) i i VCSEL-kukuna aku i 10 GHz. Ua Ua hoʻohana ma'ōnohiʻikepili EYI, spectroscopy, kukuna noaaeeecaoee.