Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov: hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo e pili ana i ke ola, ka hana

I kēia lā, ua kamailio e pili ana i ka i keia la ua kaulana a me ka loa kaulana, Lūkini kākau moʻolelo Mikhail Bulgakov. Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi mai i ke ola o ka mea kākau, e like me ka pono me ka hiʻona o kana hana, a me kekahi mau biographical lā e ia i ka pulakaumaka o keia Haawina.

A wahi o Kawaihae

Mea kākau o ka ola i ole oko kūpaʻa. I kēia lā Mikhail Bulgakov ke nana aku e like me ka la ia kanaka ilihune, akā, noho waiwai i ka la apopo, mindlessly Noho dala ma ke olonā i mau hoa.

Aia ka he misconception i Bulgakov koho i ke ala o ka mea kākau moʻolelo kŘpa a lohi - wale no 30 makahiki. Naʻe, keia olelo, he mamao loa ia mai o ka olelo oiaio. E kakau iho i ka mea kākau hoʻomaka loa kakahiaka. Ua Uaʻike e pili ana i ka mua o kana mau hana a "Ka Hawaii o Svetlana", i i kākau i loko o 7 makahiki. Ma ka kekahi lima, ina ua kamailio e pili ana i kākau me ka piha-fledged 'oihana, alaila, o ka papa, Bulgakov hiki i keia i koke. E pono e poina i ka palapala quarry Bulgakov i ua pili me ka laau lapaau. Nae, aole oia i haalele 'inikua me ka hana pono, a ma hope o kona lilo i ka mea kākau moʻolelo kaulana.

Bulgakov puka 'o ia mai ka Lapaʻau Kulanui i ka 1916, ma hope o i hele aku ai i Smolensk ka puʻunaue, a hiki i ka wahi o ka kūloko kauka. He Ua ukali ia e kana wahine Tatiana. Ma muli o ka memoirs o kēlā mau makahiki, i ka mea kākau i palapala i ka moʻo o ka moʻolelo, "Notes o ka opiopio kauka."

Akā,ʻaʻole i prosaic me ka mea i like me ka mea, ua i ke ala i ua Bulgakov. Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi mai i ke ola o ka mea kākau moʻolelo, a ua lawe mai ma lalo, ae e ike i keia.

nō Hiʻona

I ka 1920 hana o Bulgakov lawe noʻonoʻo loi loa io. Pili i ka mea i ka mea kākau moʻolelo i i kākoʻo i ka Soviet manaʻo, a hīmeni i ka hou? Eia. No ka laʻana, ka hula "holo" ua i kau ma luna o ke kahua, e like me ka manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni kapa ia Anati-Soviet.

Ka mea kākau moʻolelo i akea hoike mai i ke kipi makemake evolution. 'Aʻole surprisingly, ka Bulgakov House pinepine huli ma ka NKVD, a ua hoomaau i ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka aneane a pau kona ola.

Sale uhane

He hōʻike i kekahi kuleana i loko o nā'ēheu kēia'ēheu o mystical kanaka ma ka pili kūpono loa a me ka moʻokalaleo Bulgakov. Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi mai i ke ola o ka mea kākau nā ka manawa ia ia i manawa e ke keaka mele "Faust". Bulgakov ua mau manawa ma ka hana ana ma ka Bolshoi Kino. i ke kiʻi o ka meʻe oi loa makemake i ka mea kākau o Faust, a me ka pili kuai ana o ka maka pua o ka uhane.

Soon Bulgakov Ua haʻakoiʻia e pili ana i Stalin ka kamaʻilio - kākau me ka hoonani aku i kona hula. Ma hope iho o ia, hoomaka ae la Mr Mikhail e hoohalike ana ia lakou iho me Faust - ka mea, he no hoi oia i ka "kuai lilo aku i kona uhane i ke diabolo."

o kaʻalā iā ano

A nui loa auaneʻiʻoukou i ke kanaka ua Bulgakov (hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo hoike mai a hiki i keia). No ka laʻana, i ka 1937 i koi 'ia kekahi mea kākau, e waiho i ka helu ana o ka hana keaka e pili ana i ka lā hoʻomanaʻo o ka make ana o A. S. Pushkina. Bulgakov i kekahi o ia mau moʻolelo a me kekahi imua o kona play, noa i ka 'mea, "Alexander Pushkin". Akā, i ka mea, ua ka haohao o ka lohe ana ia ma luna o ke kahua, a ua i ikea protagonist.

Bulgakov manao i ka mea makemake e tasteless a me konaʻena hōʻike 'ia nei ma luna o ke kahua Mea Keaka,ʻaʻahuʻia i loko o costumes o ka nui Lūkini kākau moʻolelo. Nolaila, o ka mea kākau E hoomanao i unacceptable nānā aku ma luna o ke kahua o ka "Pushkin".

waiwai

"Treasure" Mihaila Bulgakova ma ka wahi mua, o ka papa, a me ka puke "Ka White koa i" pili. I ka nui, e hoike ana ia mea he loa piha ano o ko kou hale Kiev i loko o ka huina hoonui, e ka mea, i kekahi o na ki nui o ka hana. A i ka hale o na koa o ka hūnāʻia waihona waiwai. Loa na poʻe heluhelu i ka mea like me ka oiaio. No laila, koke literally dismantled i ka hale i nā pōhaku lepo ma ka pōhaku lepo. Ma keia manawa, Bulgakov i ole ponoi ia, akā, i kēia mea, ua negatively ike e hou nona.

Eia naʻe, manaʻo huhū nā hoʻoikaikaʻana, ka waiwai i ole, ua loaʻa. A noho wale ke kumu mai o ka hale.

O Hilo

He kupaianaha, akā, i ka mea i ka puke "Na Kumu a me Margarita" i hoolaa ai i ka mea i aloha ai mea kākau Nuremberg Elena Sergeevna,ʻaʻole pau ike. Kēia wahine i ka hope haku wahine o Bulgakov. I ka manawa o ke anaina, nā i ohana, no laila, i ka pilina i lawe ole wale ka pomaikai, aka, i pilikia.

E kākau Romana Bulgakov hoomaka i ka 1929, a no kekahi mau makahiki ma mua, ua haawiia mai i ka puke "Venediktov, a me ka Haliʻaaʻela ka manaʻoo mākou hanana o koʻu ola," A. Chayanov. Nā protagonists o kēia puke, o ka diabolo, a me ka haumāna a me ke kapaia Bulgakov, ka mea i pio, e kaua aku i ke alii o ka pouli no ka uhane o kona aloha. Ka moʻolelo welau a me ka pili ana o ke aloha. Ua Ua manaoio ia keia Kawaipunahele i ka impetus no ke kākau 'ana "ke Kumu, a Margarita."

Voland

"Ka Haku, a Margarita" o ka hana kaulana loa o ka poe a pau i kakau iho i Bulgakov. Kawaihae, hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo a me nā hiʻona o kaʻike hoʻokumu no laila, ka mea, ua pinepine me kēia hanaia hou pili. Ma keia manao, i kekahi hiki ole kāpae'ōlelo i ka huahelu Woland. Bulgakov no kona Mephistopheles aie inoa, mai ka poem e Goethe ka "Faust." No laila, o ka diabolo i kapa ia ia iho, ka wā noi na uhane ino e ia ia e hele.

Ka mua paiia o "ka Haku, a Margarita" kekahi mau he piha ano o Woland, a i 15ʻaoʻao. Naʻe, i ka lehulehu ākea o Bulgakov weheʻia kēia helu o nā mea a pau makemake, a ma ka manawa i kēia hapa o ka puke ua kokoke manaoia e e nalowale.

Eia hou, i kekahi mau kikoo, a me Woland, he pono ole ka inoa Asetarota. Ma hope, nae, Bulgakov hoole i ka inoa, paha no ka mea,ʻAsetarota i kapaia o mana daimonio, akā,ʻaʻole i ke alii o Gehena.

"Dog" Bulgakov

Notorious puke "Heart o ka Dog" o ka hoʻomaopopo like lapaʻau: kala - keia mea he typical ka Luna o ka lumpenproletariat, ka mea, me ka mana, hoʻomaka e luku aku i ko lakou mau ano. Eia naʻe ka mea, he emi loa-ikeia kona ano.

No laila, i ka poepoe (ma ka lua o ka inoa Chugunkin) - Stalin, mai nā i "hao" i kapaia. Kumu o ka hoopahaohaoia'na - Lenin, ka mea i iho me ka mea a pau aina (i ka loaʻa o ke Kumu ua like me ka loli o ka'ōnaehana kālai'āina). Dr. Bormental - Trotsky, e like me ka manawa ma ka kue me ka mea poepoe-Stalin. Shvonder - ia ka pohaku, a me Zina - Zinoviev, a pela aku ...

popoki Behemoth

'O kēia kekahi kupanaha ano, ka mea i hele mai me Bulgakov. Kawaihae (hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo like pono) paipai i Behemoth i ola i ka maoli prototype.

Naʻe, ka mea, uaʻaʻole he popoki a me Bulgakov ka punaheleʻeleʻele ilio o Behemoth. Animal kekahi manao, a me ka mea kākau i nākiʻi iā ia.

"Ivan Vasilievich"

I ka makahiki 1934 Mikhail Bulgakov palapala iho la i ka luawai-ike i keia la, i ka hula "Ivan Vasilievich". A pau ka hana i wale palapala, he nui makau i ka mea e ole e haawiia no ka mea, o na mea like Ivana Groznogo i Stalin ikaika.

Ua hoao aku au ia ia e oiaio. Play Nānā Mea ike wale i ka 1973, ka wā no ka filming i Leonid Gaidai. Ke kau wela a ho'āʻo e mālama 'ana i ka palapala moʻolelo, akā, me ka ike maopopo o ka 30s o ka 20th kenekulia i ia e hoʻololi i ka 70th. Naʻe, i ka ho film ua he dizzying holomua.

Bulgakov ka hale

A i 'ole "Bulgakov ka House" - he kaulana iau-keaka ma Moscow, Aia ma luna o Bolshaya Sadovaya, hale helu 10. Maanei, mai 1921 a hiki i 1924 i ka mea kākau moʻolelo noho.

Ke iau makana he exhibition hoʻolaʻa ai i ke ola a me ka hana ana o Bulgakov, i mea ikaika. Eia hou kekahi, heʻano o nā hōʻike hoolilo i ka mea kākau moʻolelo paʻa i loko o ka iau. Pinepine ka mea, e lawe i ka wa mawaho o ke keʻena - he pola ma na anuu, kauwela oa ??, pahale.